scholarly journals Levantamento de espécies de cobertura vegetal nativas e exóticas encontradas no campus oeste da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
L. V. Sousa ◽  
I. E. O. Teixeira ◽  
M. G. F. M. Medeiros ◽  
A. L. Silva ◽  
F. A. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Exotic Vegetation

<p>Desmatamento é o processo de desaparecimento de massas florestais, fundamentalmente causadas pela atividade humana, com a retirada da cobertura vegetal em determinada área para utilização comercial de madeira, implantação de projetos agropecuários e também na expansão urbana. Como em qualquer área que necessite de uma cobertura vegetal, a UFERSA também enfrenta uma problemática frequente, a replantação de árvores exóticas invasoras, ao invés de nativas da região. Dessa forma o presente trabalho tem como objetivo não somente avaliar e mapear a densidade da flora do local, mas também evidenciar possíveis problemas e disponibilizar soluções. Procurou-se dividir a vegetação em dois grupos: as nativas e as exóticas. Foi realizada a demarcação dos pontos de acordo com a localização das espécies, com a finalidade de identificar e quantificar as espécies de plantas nativas e exóticas. Dentre todas as espécies amostradas, 24 espécies (25,3%) são representantes de espécies nativas e 71 espécies (74,7%) são exóticas. A arborização da UFERSA segue o padrão observado na maioria das áreas verdes públicas das cidades brasileiras, com grande número de espécies exóticas em relação às nativas. Em vista de uma melhor estrutura física fica evidente a necessidade de uma maior arborização, tendo como incentivo o plantio de espécies nativas, que proporcionem sombra, alimento e sirvam de abrigo para a fauna local, não apenas na UFERSA, mas em toda a região que vem perdendo sua flora natural em favor de plantas exóticas.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Survey of species of native and exotic vegetation coverage found in the campus of Federal Rural University west of the Semi-arid region</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Deforestation is the process of disappearance of forest masses, basically caused by human activity, with the withdrawal of the vegetation cover in particular area for commercial use of wood, deployment of agricultural projects and also in urban expansion. As in any area that needs a plant cover, the UFERSA also faces a frequent problem, replanting trees invasive alien, instead of native to the region. This way the objective of the present work is to not only assess and map the density of the flora of the site but also highlight potential problems and provide solutions. We sought to divide the vegetation in two groups: the native and exotic. Was performed the demarcation of points of agreement with the location of the species, with the purpose of identifying and quantifying the species of native and exotic plants. Among all the species sampled, 24 species (25.3%) are representatives of native species and 71 species (74.7%) are exotic. The afforestation of UFERSA follows the pattern observed in the majority of public green areas of the Brazilian cities with large number of exotic species in relation to the native. In view of a better physical structure, it is evident the need for a greater afforestation, having as encouraging the planting of native species, which provide shade, food and serve as a shelter for the local fauna, not only in UFERSA, but throughout the region that is losing its natural flora in favor of exotic plants.<strong></strong></p>

Habitat use by the jacky lizard Amphibolurus muricatus in a highly degraded urban area

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Burgin ◽  
Danny Wotherspoon ◽  
Dennis John Hitchen ◽  
Peter Ridgeway
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Ecological Community ◽  
Amphibolurus Muricatus ◽  
Exotic Vegetation

AbstractOver time native vegetation remnants in urban areas are typically eroded in size and number due to pressures from urban expansion and consolidation. Such remnants, frequently neglected and invaded by weeds, may constitute the last remaining habitat for some species' populations in urban areas. In the restoration of remnants for biodiversity, weed removal is often a high priority but there is a dearth of information on the role that exotic vegetation plays as habitat for fauna such as small reptiles. We investigated the vegetation type preference of urban remnants at the edge of a Sydney golf course by Amphibolurus muricatus, the native jacky lizard. The three vegetation types present were Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub (an Endangered Ecological Community) with sparse groundcover, dense stands of the introduced Eragrostis curvula African love grass, and open fairways of lawn: three structurally different habitats. Captured jacky lizards were spooled and their movements traced by following the thread left as they moved through their home range. Jacky lizards preferred areas that afford them most cover. While they foraged throughout the stands of love grass, they tended to avoid the edge of native vegetation remnants. They also basked on the lawn close to the vegetation where they had recently foraged, or traversed it to enter natural vegetation or grass. We concluded that introduced love grass offered additional habitat because of the relatively dense vegetation cover, and that areas should not be managed with the assumption that invasive weeds are detrimental to native species without appropriate assessment.

In memory of Vera Antonovna Martynenko (1936-2018)

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Flora

Vera Antonovna Martynenko (17.02.1936–06.01.2018) — famous specialist in the field of studying vascular plant flora and vegetation of the Far North, the Honored worker of the Komi Republic (2006), The Komi Republic State Scientific Award winner (2000). She was born in the town Likhoslavl of the Kali­nin (Tver) region. In 1959, Vera Antonovna graduated from the faculty of soil and biology of the Leningrad State University and then moved to the Komi Branch of USSR Academy of Science (Syktyvkar). From 1969 to 1973 she passed correspondence postgraduate courses of the Komi Branch of USSR Academy of ­Science. In 1974, she received the degree of candidate of biology (PhD) by the theme «Comparative analysis of the boreal flora at the Northeast European USSR» in the Botanical Institute (St. Petersburg). In 1996, Vera Antonovna received the degree of doctor of biology in the Institute of plant and animal ecology (Ekaterinburg) «Flora of the northern and mid subzones of the taiga of the European North-East». The study and conservation of species and coenotical diversity of the plant world, namely the vascular plants flora of the Komi Republic and revealing its transformation under the anthropogenic influence, was in the field of V. A. Martynenko’ scientific interests. She made great contribution to the study of the Komi Republic meadow flora and the pool of medi­cinal plants. She performed inventorying and mapping the meadows of several agricultural enterprises of the Republic, revealed the species composition and places for harvesting medicinal plants and studied their productivity in the natural flora of the boreal zone. The results of her long-term studies were used for making the NPA system and the Red Book of the Komi Republic (1998 and 2009). Vera Antonovna participated in the research of the influence of placer gold mining and oil development on the natural ecosystems of the North, and developed the method of long-term monitoring of plant cover. Results of these works are of high practical value. V. A. Martynenko is an author and coauthor of more than 130 scientific publications. The most important jnes are «Flora of Northeast European USSR» (1974, 1976, and 1977), «Floristic composition of fodder lands of the Northeast Europe» (1989), «The forests of the Komi Republic» (1999), «Forestry of forest resources of the Komi Republic» (2000), «The list of flora of the Yugyd va national park» (2003), «The guide for vascular plants of the Syktyvkar and its vicinities» (2005), «Vascular plants of the Komi Republic» (2008), and «Resources of the natural flora of the Komi Republic» (2014). She also was an author of «Encyclopedia of the Komi Republic» (1997, 1999, and 2000), «Historical and cultural atlas of the Komi Republic» (1997), «Atlas of the Komi Republic» (2001, 2011). V. A. Martynenko made a great contribution to the development of the botanical investigations in the North. Since 1982, during more than 10 years, she was the head of the Department of the Institute of Biology. Three Ph. D. theses have been completed under her leadership. Many years, she worked actively in the Dissertation Council of the Institute of biology Komi Scientific Centre UrB RAS.  The death of Vera Antonovna Martynenko is a heavy and irretrievable loss for the staff of the Institute of Biology. The memory of Vera Antonovna will live in her numerous scientific works, the hearts of students and colleagues.

scholarly journals Monitoring Exotic Beetles with Inexpensive Attractants: A Case Study

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Enrico Ruzzier ◽  
Andrea Galli ◽  
Luciano Bani
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Trap Placement

Detecting and monitoring exotic and invasive Coleoptera is a complex activity to implement, and citizen science projects can provide significant contributions to such plans. Bottle traps are successfully used in wildlife surveys and can also be adapted for monitoring alien species; however, a sustainable, large scale trapping plan must take into account the collateral catches of native species and thus minimize its impact on local fauna. In the present paper, we tested the use of bottles baited with standard food products that can be purchased in every supermarket and immediately used (apple cider vinegar, red wine, and 80% ethyl alcohol) in capturing exotic and invasive beetles in the area surrounding Malpensa Airport (Italy). In particular, we reduced the exposition type of the traps in each sampling round to three days in order to minimize native species collecting. We found a significant effect of the environmental covariates (trap placement, temperature, humidity, and forest type) in affecting the efficiency in catching target beetles. Nearly all invasive Nitidulidae and Scarabaeidae known to be present in the area were captured in the traps, with apple cider vinegar usually being the most effective attractant, especially for the invasive Popillia japonica.

scholarly journals Dispersão de Espécie Exótica no Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe e Seu Entorno (Dispersion of Exotic Vegetation Into and Around the Lagoa do Peixe National Park)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Portz ◽  
Rogério Portantiollo Manzolli ◽  
Dejanira Luderitz Saldanha ◽  
Iran Carlos Stalliviere Correa
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Multispectral Images ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Field Verification ◽  
Exotic Vegetation ◽  
Manual Classification ◽  
Natural Dispersal ◽  
Over Time

O Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe está localizado no litoral sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Dentre os conflitos existentes dentro da área do parque e no seu entorno, o aumento e a dispersão da vegetação exótica, vem gerando inúmeras discussões. Neste contexto o objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar a distribuição espacial, ao longo do tempo, das áreas de plantações de Pinus sp. Para tanto foram utilizadas imagens multiespectrais de sensoriamento remoto (TM-Landsat 5), com datas entre 1986 e 2009, sendo realizada a classificação manual por meio da vetorização, verificação de campo e análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos resultados obtidos. O problema principal da dispersão natural de Pinus sp. é encontrado na margem da lagoa principal, margeada por banhados e por pinus, cuja dispersão espontânea está competindo com o crescimento da vegetação natural e alterando o cenário típico da região. De 1986, data de criação do parque, até hoje a área de pinus, no entorno desta lagoa, cresceu de 61 para 252 ha. Este aumento da área de ocorrência de Pinus sp, em mais de 4 vezes, torna necessária a sua extração, a fim de preservar as espécies nativas da região, bem como a diversidade biológica a ela associada. A expansão da silvicultura é preocupante, pois assumiu uma grande proporção em área, não se encontrando ações que indiquem uma desaceleração deste processo. Além de diminuir o valor estético da paisagem natural esta invasão poderá comprometer o potencial turístico e principalmente de preservação ambiental ao qual o título de Parque Nacional exige.Palavras chaves: Pinus sp., Landsat, impactos. Dispersion of Exotic Vegetation Into and Around the Lagoa do Peixe National Park  ABSTRACTLagoa do Peixe National Park presents a great variety of fragile ecosystems. Among the conflicts present into and around the Park is the increase and dispersion of exotic vegetation, that is generating several discussions. In this context, the objective of this paper was identifying the spatial distribution, over time, of the Pinus sp. plantations in this area. For both researches, it was used multispectral images (Landsat), with dates between 1986 and 2009, and performed the manual classification, field verification and analysis of quantitative and qualitative results. The main problem related to the natural dispersal of Pinus sp. is found on the shore of the park’s main lagoon. This area is bordered by marshes and Pinus sp. whose spontaneous dispersion is competing with the natural vegetation and altering the typical scenery of this region. Since the creation of the park (1986) until today, the area of pinus, around the lagoon, has grown from 61 to 252 ha. This increase, more than four times, makes it necessary its extraction in order to preserve the native species and the biodiversity associated. The expansion of forestry in the Lagoa do Peixe National Park is worrisome because it has been taking a great extent of the area, and there are no actions that indicate a slowdown of this process.Keyword: Pinus sp., Landsat, impact.

Impacts of erosion control treatments on native vegetation recovery after severe wildfire in the Eastern Cascades, USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich K. Dodson ◽  
David W. Peterson ◽  
Richy J. Harrod
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Native Plant

Slope stabilisation treatments like mulching and seeding are used to increase soil cover and reduce runoff and erosion following severe wildfires, but may also retard native vegetation recovery. We evaluated the effects of seeding and fertilisation on the cover and richness of native and exotic plants and on individual plant species following the 2004 Pot Peak wildfire in Washington State, USA. We applied four seeding and three fertilisation treatments to experimental plots at eight burned sites in spring 2005 and surveyed vegetation during the first two growing seasons after fire. Seeding significantly reduced native non-seeded species richness and cover by the second year. Fertilisation increased native plant cover in both years, but did not affect plant species richness. Seeding and fertilisation significantly increased exotic cover, especially when applied in combination. However, exotic cover and richness were low and treatment effects were greatest in the first year. Seeding suppressed several native plant species, especially disturbance-adapted forbs. Fertilisation, in contrast, favoured several native understorey plant species but reduced tree regeneration. Seeding, even with native species, appears to interfere with the natural recovery of native vegetation whereas fertilisation increases total plant cover, primarily by facilitating native vegetation recovery.

scholarly journals Effects of Urbanization on Plant–Pollinator Interactions in the Tropics: An Experimental Approach Using Exotic Plants

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Marie Zakardjian ◽  
Benoît Geslin ◽  
Valentin Mitran ◽  
Evelyne Franquet ◽  
Hervé Jourdan
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Land-use changes through urbanization and biological invasions both threaten plant-pollinator networks. Urban areas host modified bee communities and are characterized by high proportions of exotic plants. Exotic species, either animals or plants, may compete with native species and disrupt plant–pollinator interactions. These threats are heightened in insular systems of the Southwest Pacific, where the bee fauna is generally poor and ecological networks are simplified. However, the impacts of these factors have seldom been studied in tropical contexts. To explore those questions, we installed experimental exotic plant communities in urban and natural contexts in New Caledonia, a plant diversity hotspot. For four weeks, we observed plant–pollinator interactions between local pollinators and our experimental exotic plant communities. We found a significantly higher foraging activity of exotic wild bees within the city, together with a strong plant–pollinator association between two exotic species. However, contrary to our expectations, the landscape context (urban vs. natural) had no effect on the activity of native bees. These results raise issues concerning how species introduced in plant–pollinator networks will impact the reproductive success of both native and exotic plants. Furthermore, the urban system could act as a springboard for alien species to disperse in natural systems and even invade them, leading to conservation concerns.

The effect of plant top material on the water repellence of fired sands and water repellent soils

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA McGhie ◽  
AM Posner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Water Repellence

Large differences in the water repellence were conferred on fired sand by adding the ground tops of a range of plant species. Contact angles of 75� to 90� were caused at 2% of most pasture and native species and at 5 % many gave contact angles > 95� The cereal crops gave contact angles of about 60� (2%) and 83�(5 %) and were more wettable than pasture and native species. The addition of ground Geraldton subterranean clover (Trifolium subteraneum cv. Geraldton) or brown mallet (Eucalyptus astrigens (Maiden)) to water-repellent sands increased the water repellence. Addition of clover to a water-repellent mallet-hill soil increased the water infiltration rate while the mallet did not change the slow rate. Wheat (Triticum aestivm), when added to water-repellent soils, always reduced the water repellence. Attention is drawn to the importance of the relative wettability of the soil and added organic matter, and therefore the type of plant cover. Soils sampled from beneath wheat/clover rotations of various lengths showed that water repellence increased in the pasture phase and was reduced during the cropping phase. The importance of the type, as well as the amount, of organic matter in the rotations is demonstrated.

Ecological Characteristics of Sites Invaded by Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare)

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Abella ◽  
Lindsay P. Chiquoine ◽  
Dana M. Backer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
The United States ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Ecological Characteristics

AbstractUnderstanding the ecological characteristics of areas invaded and not invaded by exotic plants is a priority for invasive plant science and management. Buffelgrass is an invasive perennial species that managers view as a major threat to indigenous ecosystems of conservation lands in Australia, Mexico, the United States, and other locations where the species is not native. At 14 sites in Saguaro National Park in the Arizona Uplands of the Sonoran Desert, we compared the soil, vegetation, and soil seed bank of patches invaded and not invaded by buffelgrass. Abiotic variables, such as slope aspect and soil texture, did not differ between buffelgrass patches and patches without buffelgrass. In contrast, variables under primarily biotic control differed between patch types. Soil nutrients, such as organic C and NO3–N, were approximately twofold greater in buffelgrass compared with nonbuffelgrass patches. Average native species richness was identical (14 species 100 m−2) between patch types, but native plant cover was 43% lower in buffelgrass patches. Unexpectedly, native seed-bank densities did not differ significantly between patch types and were 40% greater than buffelgrass seed density below buffelgrass canopies. Results suggest that (1) soil nutrient status should not be unfavorable for native plant colonization at buffelgrass sites if buffelgrass is treated; (2) at least in the early stages of buffelgrass patch formation (studied patches were about 10 yr old), native vegetation species were not excluded, but rather, their cover was reduced; and (3) native soil seed banks were not reduced in buffelgrass patches.

scholarly journals Flora of spoil heaps after hard coal mining in Trzebinia (southern Poland): effect of substratum properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Woch ◽  
Magdalena Radwańska ◽  
Anna M. Stefanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Spoil Heaps

Abstract - The aim of the present study was to investigate the composition of spontaneous plant cover and the physicochemical properties of the substratum of spoil heaps of the Siersza hard coal mine in Trzebinia (southern Poland) abandoned in 2001. Floristic and soil analyses were performed in 2011. The substratum was very diverse in terms of texture (sand: 55-92 %, clay: 6-38 %), nutrient content (total C: 1.3-41.0 %, total N: 0.05-0.49 %, total Ca: 0.5-7.3 %) and pH (3.7-8.7). Moreover, total thallium concentration in the substratum was high, ranging from 6.0 to 14.6 mg kg-1. Plant cover varied from 50 to 95 %. The number of plant species per 4m2 varied from 6 to 29 and correlated negatively with total carbon content (r = -0.85, p < 0.01), and positively with sand content in the substratum (r = 66, p < 0.05). The highest number of species per area unit was observed on a humus substratum, where initial soil has developed on the part of carboniferous waste rock spoil under 20-30 year old trees, and the lowest on carbon shale with coal and culm. Among 197 plant species, most belong to Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae and Rosaceae families. Hemicryptophytes (49%) and terophytes (18%) predominated. The investigated area was primarily colonized by native species spread by the wind. However, invasive alien species also had a significant share (8%) in the plant cover.

scholarly journals Qualitative & Quantitative Analysis of Adult Arboreal Individuals from the Afforestation in the Municipality of Várzea, Paraíba, Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Iara Cristina Araujo Rocha ◽  
Jaqueline Rocha de Medeiros ◽  
Geovanio Alves da Silva ◽  
Vinícius Staynne Gomes Ferreira ◽  
Joedla Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Aims: Perform a qualiquantitative analysis of adult arboreal individuals in urban roads in the municipality of Várzea, Paraíba, Brazil. Study Design: Census inventory. Place and Duration of Study: Várzea Municipality, Paraíba, Brazil from March to April 2018. Methodology: The qualitative and quantitative census inventory of adult shrubs-tree individuals was carried out in the urban roads of the municipality, the level of inclusion of the individuals was circumference at breast height (CBH) of (1.30 m) was ≥ 6 cm. Common name of the species was recorded, CBH measurements, height of the first bifurcation and total and physical conditions that were classified as good, regular, bad and dead. The data were tabulated, processed and presented in tables and graphs. Results: A total of 429 individuals were recorded on public roads distributed in 20 species. Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Ficus benjamina L. had the highest number of individuals. 85% of the species were exotic and 15% were native. 12 species offered direct nutritional benefit to man and local fauna as they were fruit trees. The physical conditions of the individuals were 55.94% good, 40.33% regular, 3.73% poor, however, 47.50% of individuals had some type of conflict. 41.72% of individuals were concentrated in the diametric class of 15-21 cm. 54.78% of individuals had height of the first bifurcation greater than 200 cm and 62% of the individuals medium size. Conclusion: The afforestation of the municipality was satisfactory in relation to plant health. Attention needs to be paid to the diversity of native species and the injuries caused to vegetation. The height of the first fork was adequate. The trees were medium sized. It is suggested that studies of perception of afforestation be carried out in the municipality.

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