Muscle adaptation to sleeve gastrectomy: Potential role of nutritional supplementation and physical exercise

Skeletal muscle is metabolically and functionally flexible and contractile under normal conditions. Obesity is a risk factor that causes metabolic disorders and reduces muscle contractility. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has been used for surgical correction of obesity. This work aimed to investigate how obesity and its surgical correction affects skeletal muscle and the possible role of nutritional supplementation and physical exercise. Adult male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups, 8 rats per group: group Ia (control non-obese), group Ib (control obese), group II (post-operative, SG), group III (post SG + nutritional supplementation) and group IV (post SG + nutritional supplementation + physical exercise). SG resulted in cellular and metabolic degenerative disorders in the muscle including wasting, weakness and fibrosis with elevated inflammatory, oxidative and injury markers. Nutritional supplementation induced the post SG muscle regeneration indicated by high expression of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and myogenin and low expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Interestingly, it improved the metabolic state of the muscle by reducing the oxidative stress, inflammatory and muscle injury markers and delaying the onset of fatigue. What is more, physical exercise along with nutritional supplementation resulted in further improvement of the muscle metabolic state and function. In conclusion, nutritional supplementations together with physical exercise after SG are essential for preserving muscle mass and contractility and improving its metabolic and functional status.

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Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-6 Promotes the Differentiation of Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Skeletal Muscle Independent of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor-1 and Insulin Receptor

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2019/9245938 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Doaa Aboalola ◽

Victor K. M. Han

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Muscle Differentiation ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Differentiation Process ◽

Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells

As mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being investigated for regenerative therapies to be used in the clinic, delineating the roles of the IGF system in MSC growth and differentiation, in vitro, is vital in developing these cellular therapies to treat degenerative diseases. Muscle differentiation is a multistep process, starting with commitment to the muscle lineage and ending with the formation of multinucleated fibers. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6), relative to other IGFBPs, has high affinity for IGF-2. However, the role of IGFBP-6 in muscle development has not been clearly defined. Our previous studies showed that in vitro extracellular IGFBP-6 increased myogenesis in early stages and could enhance the muscle differentiation process in the absence of IGF-2. In this study, we identified the signal transduction mechanisms of IGFBP-6 on muscle differentiation by placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). We showed that muscle differentiation required activation of both AKT and MAPK pathways. Interestingly, we demonstrated that IGFBP-6 could compensate for IGF-2 loss and help enhance the muscle differentiation process by triggering predominantly the MAPK pathway independent of activating either IGF-1R or the insulin receptor (IR). These findings indicate the complex interactions between IGFBP-6 and IGFs in PMSC differentiation into the skeletal muscle and that the IGF signaling axis, specifically involving IGFBP-6, is important in muscle differentiation. Moreover, although the major role of IGFBP-6 is IGF-2 inhibition, it is not necessarily the case that IGFBP-6 is the main modulator of IGF-2.

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Adaptation of Skeletal Muscle Microvasculature to Increased or Decreased Blood Flow: Role of Shear Stress, Nitric Oxide and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Journal of Vascular Research ◽

10.1159/000226127 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 504-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Olga Hudlicka ◽

Margaret D. Brown

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

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Transforming growth factor-β and myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01091.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 579-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 182

Author(s):

Helen D. Kollias ◽

John C. McDermott

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽

Related Family ◽

Cytokine Milieu

The superfamily of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) cytokines has been shown to have profound effects on cellular proliferation, differentiation, and growth. Recently, there have been major advances in our understanding of the signaling pathway(s) conveying TGF-β signals to the nucleus to ultimately control gene expression. One tissue that is potently influenced by TGF-β superfamily signaling is skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle ontogeny and postnatal physiology have proven to be exquisitely sensitive to the TGF-β superfamily cytokine milieu in various animal systems from mice to humans. Recently, major strides have been made in understanding the role of TGF-β and its closely related family member, myostatin, in these processes. In this overview, we will review recent advances in our understanding of the TGF-β and myostatin signaling pathways and, in particular, focus on the implications of this signaling pathway for skeletal muscle development, physiology, and pathology.

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Inflammatory Mechanisms Associated with Skeletal Muscle Sequelae after Stroke: Role of Physical Exercise

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2016/3957958 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Hélio José Coelho Junior ◽

Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi ◽

Tiego Aparecido Diniz ◽

Isabela Maia da Cruz Fernandes ◽

Érico Chagas Caperuto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Muscle Atrophy ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

The Other ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Inflammatory markers are increased systematically and locally (e.g., skeletal muscle) in stroke patients. Besides being associated with cardiovascular risk factors, proinflammatory cytokines seem to play a key role in muscle atrophy by regulating the pathways involved in this condition. As such, they may cause severe decrease in muscle strength and power, as well as impairment in cardiorespiratory fitness. On the other hand, physical exercise (PE) has been widely suggested as a powerful tool for treating stroke patients, since PE is able to regenerate, even if partially, physical and cognitive functions. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical exercise in poststroke patients remain poorly understood. Thus, in this study we analyze the candidate mechanisms associated with muscle atrophy in stroke patients, as well as the modulatory effect of inflammation in this condition. Later, we suggest the two strongest anti-inflammatory candidate mechanisms, myokines and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, which may be activated by physical exercise and may contribute to a decrease in proinflammatory markers of poststroke patients.

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Implications of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Skeletal Muscle and Various Diseases

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9081773 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1773 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Syed Sayeed Ahmad ◽

Khurshid Ahmad ◽

Eun Ju Lee ◽

Yong-Ho Lee ◽

Inho Choi

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Myogenic Differentiation ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Strength Development ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Normal Muscle ◽

Neurite Development

Skeletal muscle is an essential tissue that attaches to bones and facilitates body movements. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a hormone found in blood that plays an important role in skeletal myogenesis and is importantly associated with muscle mass entity, strength development, and degeneration and increases the proliferative capacity of muscle satellite cells (MSCs). IGF-1R is an IGF-1 receptor with a transmembrane location that activates PI3K/Akt signaling and possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and its expression is significant in terms of myoblast proliferation and normal muscle mass maintenance. IGF-1 synthesis is elevated in MSCs of injured muscles and stimulates MSCs proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Mechanical loading also affects skeletal muscle production by IGF-1, and low IGF-1 levels are associated with low handgrip strength and poor physical performance. IGF-1 is potentially useful in the management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, muscle atrophy, and promotes neurite development. This review highlights the role of IGF-1 in skeletal muscle, its importance during myogenesis, and its involvement in different disease conditions.

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