scholarly journals Mitochondria, pattern recognition receptors and autophagy under physiological and pathological conditions, including viral infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej ◽  
Dominika Bębnowska ◽  
Roman Kołacz ◽  
Wiesław Deptuła
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Other Hand

Research on the health of mammals invariably shows how dynamic immunology is and how the role of many elements and immune processes of the macroorganism, developed in the process of evolution in protecting against threats, including infections, is changing. Among these elements conditioning the homeostasis of the macroorganism are mitochondria, PRR receptors (pattern recognition receptors) and the phenomenon of autophagy. In the context of physiological and pathological states in the body, mitochondria perform various functions. The primary function of these organelles is to produce energy in the cell, but on the other hand, they are heavily involved in various cellular processes, including ROS production and calcium homeostasis. They are largely involved in the activation of immune mechanisms during infectious and non-infectious conditions through mtDNA and the mitochondrial MAVS protein. Mitochondrial involvement has been also determined in PRR-related mechanisms as mtDNA has the ability to directly stimulate TLRs. On the other hand, mitochondria are also associated with apoptotic cell death and autophagy.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF HYPOXIA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOME PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND MALIGNANT TUMORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
N.O. Bogdanova ◽  
◽  
N.H. Pogorela ◽  
E.A. Lukyanetz ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Physiological Value

Hypoxia, which could be defined as the level of oxygen tension in the body that is below the normal physiological value, is a process that is often observed in several diseases and occurs in most malignant tumors. On the other hand, in hypoxia several pathological conditions could occur, which could be caused by external and internal factors. During carcinogenesis, hypoxia may promote metastasis and an unfavorable prognosis. When infected with COVID-19, there is a «silent hypoxia», which could asymptomatically destroy the body. The review is devoted to hypoxia’s role in the development of some pathological conditions and malignant tumors.

Crimes against the body: causing harm

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alannah Tomkins
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lay Public

Medical practitioners who were accused of committing violent crime against the bodies of people other than patients presented both the profession and the public with a problem. Both professional bodies and the lay public desired doctors to be social heroes, inhabiting the role of expert witness and protecting the body rather than appearing as a defendant. This study of practitioners accused of either rape or murder finds the limits of medical competition, as men accused of rape were likely to be acquitted to courtroom applause. Medical murderers, on the other hand, offered the profession viable scapegoats to reinforce the impression that the medical fraternity was willing to admit to limited instances of wrong-doing.

scholarly journals Zasady ogólne dotyczące praktyk pokutnych na podstawie Libri poenitentiales

Vox Patrum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 225-240
Author(s):  
Michał Kieling
Keyword(s):  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Spiritual Therapy

The article discusses the most important premises which deal with Christian penance from the VI to the XI century. The main sources for the above article are the Penitential Books (Libri Poenitentiales), published as part of the series of Źródła Myśli Teologicznej (ŻMT 58), collected and edited by A. Baron and H. Pietras in 2011. The article consists of three parts. The first part examines the meaning of penance in the life of Christians as a medicine for sin which is an illness of the soul and the body. The second part presents the teaching of peniten­tials on the twelve ways of absolving from sins. The third part provides practical suggestions for confessors and penitents. The Penitential Books, as a witness to the development of penitential practices, confirm the role of individual spiritual therapy in the life of the Christian. This process of regaining of one’s spiritual health takes place, on one hand, through the grace of God’s Mercy, and, on the other hand, through penitential practices whose aim was internal conversion and outward change in one’s way of life.

Entrepreneurship Micro-Ecosystems in Practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-132
Author(s):  
Ján Rehák ◽  
Rafaela Bueckmann Diegoli ◽  
Miguel Angel Rodríguez Montes
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
University Level ◽  
The Impact

This chapter addresses the role of university campuses as potentializer of the impact of entrepreneurship on regional entrepreneurship ecosystem. The authors define the role and structure of entrepreneurial micro-ecosystems at a university level based on the body of knowledge focused on entrepreneurial and university ecosystems. Based on a specific case of Tecnológico de Monterrey in Querétaro, Mexico, authors construct a three-layer framework for a better understanding of the entrepreneurial micro-ecosystems and its internal and external interactions. Specifically, authors argue that the entrepreneurial micro-ecosystems are endemic to university campuses, and evolve at any type of entrepreneurship-focused university. On the other hand, these micro-ecosystems are scarcely recognized and managed. The authors believe that when they are accounted for and fostered, they generate an exponential effect both for entrepreneurs at the campus as well as for the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem and development.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL SERVICES AUTHORITY IN THE CONSUMER PROTECTION AMID THE GROWTH OF FINTECH INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanes Widijantoro
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
The Body ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Financial Technology

The growth of the financial technology (fintech) industry is a necessity as an effort to make financial services more practical and efficient. On the other hand, consumers of financial services are still low in financial literacy levels, especially in considering various risks that can occur in dealing with the fintech industry. Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK) is the body responsible for carrying out the protection of consumers of financial services. This article describes how legal matters in the fintech business, which are actually useful and can encourage financial inclusion, but on the other hand have the potential to harm consumers if they are not properly regulated. Existing related OJK Regulations would be examined and what things should be regulated by the OJK so that consumers of financial services are protected amid the development of fintech, will also be elaborated in this article. This article respectively describes the rationality of consumer protection in the financial services, the dynamics of fintech growth and its problems, and an analysis of the role of OJK in the era of fintech industry.

scholarly journals Mnéme and hénosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Sonja Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Mystical Experience ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Intelligible World

This paper reconsiders the role of memory in Plotinus' philosophy, in view of the mystical unity (hénosis) of the soul with intelligible truths, and a less desirable unification with its objects of memory during its earthly existence. As a rule, the mystical experience precludes memory, since the latter is related to time and binds a man to his individuality. Nevertheless, the capacity to remember remains an important part of the philosophical áskesis leading to this experience, since the memory is the only faculty of the soul that is able to travel through time, even though it is part of the process of discursive thinking and consequently is in a way imprisoned in time. Memory therefore turns out to be a double-edged power, which leaves us to question when we can regard it as an instrument of preserving what is inherent to us, and when, on the other hand, it is simply chaining us to the lower reality of the sensible world. The difference between the anagogical power of the Platonic recollection (anámnesis) and the memory as the state keeping us from unity with the intelligible world is important for identifying the moment when a man must let go of what he has been clinging to. This moment, however, is not set in time, but depends on the moral disposition of a man's soul leading a timeless existence outside, as well as inside, the body.

scholarly journals The role of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins in the infection of influenza A virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 1043-1051
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Wyżewski ◽  
Karolina P. Gregorczyk
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Antiapoptotic Activity ◽  
Apoptosis Regulation ◽  
Antiviral Role

Bcl-2 family consists proteins responsible for apoptosis regulation. Influence of those factors on the cell viability is essential in the context of viral infections. Antiapoptotic activity of Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w may favor effective replication IAV by keeping infected cell alive. On the other hand, Bcl-2 plays antiviral role at the late stage of IAV infection. Limiting the transport of newly synthesized vRNP from the cell nucleus to cytosol, Bcl-2 prevents effective montage of the progeny virions. Moreover Bcl-2 is responsible for modification of the IAV HA phosphorylation and consequently for decrease in virus adhesive abilities. Preclinical studies suggest that treatment strategies reducing activity or the intracellular level of Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and/or Bcl-w, should be projected. Antiapoptotic members of Bcl-2 family are described as potential targets of anti-IAV therapies that use substances such as IL-24, obatoclax, ABT-199, ABT-263 and ABT-737. On the other hand, the therapy elevating activity or intraneuronal level of Bcl-2 should be considered in the context of nervous system infections.

scholarly journals About the psychotraumatic form of dysmenorrhea (dysmenorrhea puscho-traumatiсa)

1925 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
G. Edelberg
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
The One ◽  
Female Genital

No branch of medicine (not counting, of course, psychiatry) deals with psychology as much as modern gynecology. On the one hand, such gynecologists as Lahm note, and in my opinion rightly so, the dominant role of the ovaries even in the spiritual life of women: in their opinion there is no other way of psychic and physical influences on the female sexual sphere than through the ovaries, and conversely, influences coming from the sexual sphere and acting on the body and soul of women come again only through this way. On the other hand, there are gynecologists who completely ignore the role of the ovaries and believe that only the "soul" produces all kinds of changes in the female genital sphere. It is necessary, say the representatives of this view, to study only the "soul" of a woman, and then a number of incomprehensible phenomena in the field of gynecology will immediately become clear to us.

scholarly journals Mnéme and hénosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Sonja Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Mystical Experience ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Intelligible World

This paper reconsiders the role of memory in Plotinus' philosophy, in view of the mystical unity (hénosis) of the soul with intelligible truths, and a less desirable unification with its objects of memory during its earthly existence. As a rule, the mystical experience precludes memory, since the latter is related to time and binds a man to his individuality. Nevertheless, the capacity to remember remains an important part of the philosophical áskesis leading to this experience, since the memory is the only faculty of the soul that is able to travel through time, even though it is part of the process of discursive thinking and consequently is in a way imprisoned in time. Memory therefore turns out to be a double-edged power, which leaves us to question when we can regard it as an instrument of preserving what is inherent to us, and when, on the other hand, it is simply chaining us to the lower reality of the sensible world. The difference between the anagogical power of the Platonic recollection (anámnesis) and the memory as the state keeping us from unity with the intelligible world is important for identifying the moment when a man must let go of what he has been clinging to. This moment, however, is not set in time, but depends on the moral disposition of a man's soul leading a timeless existence outside, as well as inside, the body.

BLOCKADE OF THE SURGE OF PROLACTIN AT PRO-OESTRUS BY ADMINISTRATION OF ANTI-OESTROGENIC SUBSTANCE, MER-25

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yokoyama ◽  
Hiroshi Tomogane ◽  
Katuaki Ôta
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACT A non-steroidal oestrogen antagonist, MER-25, was administered to cycling rats for elucidating the role of oestrogen in the surge of prolactin observed on the afternoon of pro-oestrus (POe). In animals injected with 20 mg of MER-25 intramuscularly on the afternoon (16.30 h) of the first day of dioestrus (D-1), the surge of prolactin was blocked while the level of prolactin on the afternoon of POe of these animals was significantly higher than that of the corresponding controls injected with oil. Ovulation was also blocked in these animals treated with the drug on the afternoon of D-l. On the other hand, treatment on the morning (10.30 h) of the 2nd day of dioestrus failed to prevent not only the surge of prolactin but also ovulation. These observations provide strong evidence for the view that oestrogen is responsible for the surge of prolactin on the afternoon of POe, and that the surge is accompanied by that of LH.

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