scholarly journals Comparison of nonlinear models in the description of carbon mineralization in litter soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilson Marcelino Silva ◽  
Ariana Campos Fruhauf ◽  
Sérgio Alberto Jane ◽  
Édipo Menezes da Silva ◽  
Joel Augusto Muniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
History Of

Litter is an important source of nutrients for trees and can improve the quality of degraded soils. The objective of this study was to describe the dynamics of carbon mineralization in litter soils using nonlinear models, estimating half-life times. Soil carbon mineralization under three types of forest cover was evaluated: Atlantic forest fragment (capoeira), Acacia auriculiformis trees (acacia), and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá) from a reforested area with a history of degradation. Twelve measurements of the mineralized carbon were made up to 222 days after the beginning of the incubation of litter soils. Stanford and Smith, Juma, and Cabrera models were fitted by the least squares method using the Gauss-Newton algorithm in the R software. The Stanford and Smith model was more appropriate in describing all treatments, based on the Akaike Information Criterion, with estimates of half-life for Acácia, Capoeira, and Sabiá soils at 25, 44, and 51 days, respectively. The Stanford and Smith and Juma nonlinear models satisfactorily described the carbon mineralization of soils of all treatments.

scholarly journals The use of the nonlinear models in the growth of pears of ‘Shinseiki’ cultivar

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Destefani Ribeiro ◽  
Taciana Villela Savian ◽  
Tales Jesus Fernandes ◽  
Joel Augusto Muniz
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Model ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Asian Pear ◽  
Residual Correlations

ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to elucidate the growth and development of the Asian pear fruit, on the grounds of length, diameter and fresh weight determined over time, using the non-linear Gompertz and Logistic models. The specifications of the models were assessed utilizing the R statistical software, via the least squares method and iterative Gauss-Newton process (DRAPER & SMITH, 2014). The residual standard deviation, adjusted coefficient of determination and the Akaike information criterion were used to compare the models. The residual correlations, observed in the data for length and diameter, were modeled using the second-order regression process to render the residuals independent. The logistic model was highly suitable in demonstrating the data, revealing the Asian pear fruit growth to be sigmoid in shape, showing remarkable development for three variables. It showed an average of up to 125 days for length and diameter and 140 days for fresh fruit weight, with values of 72mm length, 80mm diameter and 224g heavy fat.

scholarly journals Nonlinear models in the height description of the Rhino sunflower cultivar

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Chuquel Mello ◽  
Marcos Toebe ◽  
Rafael Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
João Antônio Paraginski ◽  
Junior Carvalho Somavilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
Inflection Points ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Microsoft Office

ABSTRACT: Sunflower produces achenes and oil of good quality, besides serving for production of silage, forage and biodiesel. Growth modeling allows knowing the growth pattern of the crop and optimizing the management. The research characterized the growth of the Rhino sunflower cultivar using the Logistic and Gompertz models and to make considerations regarding management based on critical points. The data used come from three uniformity trials with the Rhino confectionery sunflower cultivar carried out in the experimental area of the Federal University of Santa Maria - Campus Frederico Westphalen in the 2019/2020 agricultural harvest. In the first, second and third trials 14, 12 and 10 weekly height evaluations were performed on 10 plants, respectively. The data were adjusted for the thermal time accumulated. The parameters were estimated by ordinary least square’s method using the Gauss-Newton algorithm. The fitting quality of the models to the data was measured by the adjusted coefficient of determination, Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and through intrinsic and parametric nonlinearity. The inflection points (IP), maximum acceleration (MAP), maximum deceleration (MDP) and asymptotic deceleration (ADP) were determined. Statistical analyses were performed with Microsoft Office Excel® and R software. The models satisfactorily described the height growth curve of sunflower, providing parameters with practical interpretations. The Logistics model has the best fitting quality, being the most suitable for characterizing the growth curve. The estimated critical points provide important information for crop management. Weeds must be controlled until the MAP. Covered fertilizer applications must be carried out between the MAP and IP range. ADP is an indicator of maturity, after reaching this point, the plants can be harvested for the production of silage without loss of volume and quality.

scholarly journals Modeling the amount of mineralized carbon from swine manure and wheat straw

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Sérgio De Paula ◽  
Edilson Marcelino Silva ◽  
Ariana Campos Frühauf ◽  
Édipo Menezes Da Silva ◽  
Joel Augusto Muniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Randomized Block Design

A method capable of reducing the environmental damage caused by swine manure and the soil enrichment with nutrients is based on the use of these residues together with the crops straw in soils for agricultural production. Through the use of carbon mineralization curves, it is possible to determine the best intervals for the use of organic matter from manure to better adapt the use of soil and crops. Dynamics of carbon present in manure can help in the selection of the best management. The objective of this study was to compare the fit of three nonlinear models that describe the carbonmineralization in soil over time, in addition to assessing the carbon stock of wheat straw alone and combined with swine manure. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with four replications and eight treatments. The following treatments were tested: T1 – soil (S), T2 – soil + straw on the surface (SSUR), T3 – soil + incorporated straw (INCS), T4 – soil + manure on the surface (MSUR), T5 – soil + incorporated manure (INCM), T6 – soil + incorporated manure + straw on the surface (INCMSSUR), T7 - soil + incorporated manure + incorporated straw (INCMINCS), T8 – soil + straw on the surface + manure on the surface (SSURMSUR). Soil samples were incubated for 95 days, and ten observations were made throughout time. Carbon mineralization was described using nonlinear models Cabrera, Stanford and Smith and Juma, considering the autoregressive error structure AR (1), when necessary. The comparison of fit of models was made using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The description of carbon mineralization of wheat straw and swine manure carried out by nonlinear models was satisfactory. The Cabrera model was the most appropriate to describe all treatments. The Stanford and Smith model, most used in the literature todescribe the mineralization of organic waste in soil, did not achieve better results in relation to the other nonlinear models for the treatments under study. In general, the treatments with straw on the surface resulted in a larger carbon stock in the soil, and with the addition of manure to the wheat straw, the carbon stock was lower, so it is interesting for producers to evaluate, according to their production targets, which is the best strategy to be adopted for the use of waste.

scholarly journals Fitting of decomposition of sewage sludge and oat straw by nonlinear models

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilson Marcelino Silva ◽  
Silvio De Castro Silveira ◽  
Thais Destefani Ribeiro Furtado ◽  
Joel Augusto Muniz
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Akaike Information Criterion ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Carbon Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Dynamics ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Autoregressive Errors ◽  
Smith Model

An economic and environmentally feasible way to recycle sewage sludge is its use in agriculture.Information on carbon mineralization curves allows us to seek improvements in soil quality andcrop productivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nonlinear models that describecarbon mineralization in the soil. The experiment was conducted in laboratory and the design wascompletely randomized, with four replicates and three treatments. The following treatments wereevaluated: sewage sludge, black oat straw and sewage sludge + oat straw, incorporated into the soil.Pots with soil and the applied treatment were incubated for 110 days. The Stanford and Smith andCabrera models were used, considering structure of autoregressive errors AR (1) when necessary.The fittings were compared using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The evaluated nonlinearmodels described the carbon decomposition dynamics of the treatments satisfactorily. The Stanfordand Smith model is suitable for describing the carbon decomposition in the soil + sludge and soil +oat straw treatments. The Cabrera model is suitable to describe the carbon decomposition of the soil+ sludge + straw treatment.Keywords: Mineralization. Stanford and Smith model. Cabrera model. Half-life.

scholarly journals Comparison of nonlinear models for the description of carbon mineralization in soils treated with pig slurry

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Sérgio de Paula ◽  
Edilson Marcelino Silva ◽  
Thais Destefani Ribeiro Furtado ◽  
Ariana Campos Frühauf ◽  
Joel Augusto Muniz
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Adequate Management ◽  
Soil Carbon Mineralization

One of the strategies to reduce environmental impacts caused by pig slurry is its application to soils for agricultural productions. Carbon mineralization curves can be used to determine the best periods for the use of organic matter for an adequate management of soils and growing plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fit of nonlinear models for soil carbon mineralization. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with four replications and four treatments. The treatments consisted of monthly applications of pig slurry at rates of 0, 7.5, 15.0, and 30.0 m3 ha-1 ofpig slurry. Soil samples were collected and incubated for 26 days; then, seven observations of mineralized carbon volume were made over time. The description of the carbon mineralization followed the Stanford and Smith, Cabrera, and Juma models, considering the structure of autoregressive errors AR (1), when necessary; the fits were compared using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The description of carbon mineralization in the treatments by nonlinear models was, in general, adequate. Juma was the most adequate model to describe the treatment with rate of 0. Stanford and Smith was the most adequate model to describe the treatments with rates of 7.5 and 15.0 m3  ha-1. Cabrera was the most adequate model to describe the treatment with rate of 30.0 m3 ha-1.

Probiotics in gastroenterology – from a different angle

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 294-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Miklós Buzás
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irritable Bowel

After a short overview of the history of probiotics, the author presents the development of human intestinal microflora based on the newest genetic data and the microbiological features of main probiotics. The indications of probiotic administration have been defined and extended in recent years. The author reviews significant results of probiotic treatment in some gastrointestinal diseases based on meta-analytical data. Probiotics are useful in preventing and treating diarrhoea caused by antibiotics and Clostridium difficile caused diarrhoea. In the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, preparations containing certain Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium strains or Saccaromyces boulardii could enhance by 5–10% the rate of successful eradication and reduce the incidence and severity of the side effects. Some symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and thus the quality of life can be improved by probiotics. Their beneficial effect in ulcerative colitis was proven, while in Crohn’s disease has not yet been defined. The use of probiotics is not included in guidelines, with the exception of the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus. For each disease it is advisable to use probiotics containing strains only with proven beneficial effect. The efficiency of preparations containing mixed strains has not yet been properly investigated. The author reviews the rare but potentially serious side effects of probiotics. In Hungary, there are many probiotic preparations available which can be purchased in pharmacies without prescription: their use is more empirical than evidence-based. The European Food Safety Authority has recently rejected claims for probiotics to be classed as medicines given the lack of convincing evidence on the effects of probiotics on human health and well-being. Clearly, further research is needed to collect evidence which could be incorporated into the international guidelines. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 294–304.

EXPLORING HEALTHCARE ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF FILM: Motives and Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Stephen Verderber
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Behavior Setting ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of

The interdisciplinary field of person-environment relations has, from its origins, addressed the transactional relationship between human behavior and the built environment. This body of knowledge has been based upon qualitative and quantitative assessment of phenomena in the “real world.” This knowledge base has been instrumental in advancing the quality of real, physical environments globally at various scales of inquiry and with myriad user/client constituencies. By contrast, scant attention has been devoted to using simulation as a means to examine and represent person-environment transactions and how what is learned can be applied. The present discussion posits that press-competency theory, with related aspects drawn from functionalist-evolutionary theory, can together function to help us learn of how the medium of film can yield further insights to person-environment (P-E) transactions in the real world. Sampling, combined with extemporary behavior setting analysis, provide the basis for this analysis of healthcare settings as expressed throughout the history of cinema. This method can be of significant aid in examining P-E transactions across diverse historical periods, building types and places, healthcare and otherwise, otherwise logistically, geographically, or temporally unattainable in real time and space.

РАССКАЗЫ В.ШУКШИНА И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПЕРЕВОДА ИХ НА КЫРГЫЗСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Джээнбүбү Бегеева
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Psychological Feature ◽  
Translation Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Problems Of Translation

Аннотация. В статье анализируется качество переводов рассказов В.Шукшина, осуществленных в середине 70-х годов С. Наматбаевым. Переводоведческий анализ вывил многочисленные стилевые расхождения между оригиналом и переводом. При переводе одного из лучших рассказов Шукшина «Чудик» искажения стиля не передали психологические тонкости рассказа. При переводе рассказа «Дядя Ермолай» философский аспект рассказа выпал, так как переводчик исказил жанровую специфику. Перевод рассказа «Два письма» оказался более качественным по сравнению с предыдущими. Переводчик рассказа «Два письма» сумел приблизиться к оригиналу, расшифровать его основную тональность, воспроизвести атмосферу напряженных поисков истины героем рассказа Николаем Иванычем. Этот перевод оказался более качественно выполненным по сравнению с предыдущим рассказом «Дядя Ермолай». Причину переводческого успеха можно объяснить, прежде всего, доступностью содержания рассказа, да и сам герой не столь сложная и глубокая личность, как повествователь в рассказе о дяде Ермолае. В целом, переводы С.Наматбаева являются своеобраз- ным этапом в переводческом деле. В настоящее время необходимо более полное и глубокое восприятие творчества В.Шукшина и создания новых адекватных переводов. Ключевые слова: качество переводов, стилевые расхождения, психологические тонкости, философский аспект, этапом. Аннотация. Макалада В.Шукшиндин аңгемелеринин кыргыз тилине которуудагы сапаты каралат, котормолор 1970-жылдары котормочу С.Наматбаев аркылуу жаралган. Котормонун сапатына талдоо жүргүзгөндө көпчүлүк каталар табылган, алардын эң олуттуусу стилдердин айырмасы, негизги чыгарма менен котормонун ортосунда. Мисалы, “Чудик” деген аңгеменин психологиялык мүнөздөмөсү жоголуп кеткен. “Ермолай байке” деген аңгемеде жанрдын туура эмес берилишинен жазуучунун негизги ою жоголуп кеткен. “Эки кат” деген аңгеме беркилерге караганда сапаттуу которулган. Котормочу " Эки кат" деген аңгемени оригиналга жакындатып которгон. Башкы каарман Николай Иванычтын изденүүлөрүн, ойлорун, чындыкты табууга аракеттерин Шукшинден кем эмес окуучуларга жеткирген. Котормочунун жетишкендиги аңгеменин түшүнүктүү мазмуну менен түшүндүрсө болот, жана Николай Ивановичтин жөнөкөйлүгү менен. С.Наматбаевдын котормолору каталарына карабастан котормочулук иште алдыга жылуу болгон. Бирок, азыркы заманда сапаттуу котормо жаратууда мезгил келди. Түйүндүү сөздөр: которуудагы сапаты, стилдердин айырмасы, психологиялык мүнөздөмөсү, негизги ою жоголуп. Annotation. The quality of translation of the Shukshins stories is analyzed in the Middle 70- years. By S.Namatbaev. The translation analysis had idenh hed numerous style discrepancies between the original and the translation. The psychological feature of the compasihion were not be hansfered by the translation one the bestand famous story by. V.Shukshin due to distorhion of the style. By the translation of the story “The uncle Ermolai” had full a phisichal aspect of the story, because the translator had distorted the genre specifics. The translation of the stories “Two letters” was wade more qualitative comparated with another stories. Generally, the Namatbaevs translation are a sui generis stage in the translatiobs. We need currently more total and profound perception of the creation by V.Shukshin. The create of the new adeavate translation is the main task. The head of the theory and history of Russian literature department. V. Shukshin’s stories and problems of translation them into Kyrgyz language. This article is analysed the quality of translation of V. Shukshin’s stories, which were written in 70 th with S. Namatbaev. Translation analyse deduced many stylistic variations between translated version and original. There is a misrepresentation, was not transmitted psychological subtleties of the story in translation of one of the best V. Shuk- shin’s story “Wierdo”. Metaphysical dimension is disappeared in translation of the story “Uncle Ermolai”, since translator destort the genre specificity. The translation of the story “Two letters” has been more qualitative in comparison with previous translations. In common, S. Namatbaev’s translation is a genius stage in translation. It needs more full and deep comprehension of S. Shukshin’s work and to establish new suitable translation. Key words: Quality of translation, stylistic variation, psychological subtleties, metaphysical dimension, stage.

Sustainability Failure in the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in a Secondary Care Hospital from Cuba: A Historical Review of 30 Years and 3 Shots

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Guanche Garcell ◽  
Juan José Pisonero Socias ◽  
Gilberto Pardo Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship Program ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

Background: During the last 30 years an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) was implemented in a facility with periods of weakness. We aim to describe the history of the sustainability failure in the local ASP. Methods: A historical review was conducted using original data from the facility library and papers published. An analysis of factors related to the failure was conducted based on the Doyle approach. Results: The first ASP was implemented from 1989 to 1996 based on the international experiences and contributes to the improvement in the quality of prescription, reduction of 52% in cost and in the incidence of nosocomial infection. The second program restarts in 2008 and decline in 2015, while the third program was guided by the Pan-American Health Organization from 2019. This program, in progress, is more comprehensive than previous ones and introduced as a novel measure the monitoring of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery. The factors related to the sustainability were considered including the availability of antimicrobials, the leader´s support, safety culture, and infrastructure. Conclusions: The history behind thirty years of experiences in antimicrobial stewardship programs has allowed us to identify the gaps that require proactive strategies and actions to achieve sustainability and continuous quality improvement.

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