scholarly journals Roles and Responsibilities of Notary Under Transformation Business Institution from Commanditaire Vennootschap (CV) Become a Legal Entity Limited Liability Company (PT) (Study in Mataram City)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Anita Fauziah ◽  
Muhammad Sood ◽  
Lalu Wira Pria Suhartana
Keyword(s):  
Limited Liability ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Process Change ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Legal Consequences

This study aims to analyze the roles and responsibilities of a notary in the change of a CV business entity to a PT legal entity and the legal consequences of changing the CV business entity to a PT. This research is focused on Normative-Empirical research, using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and a sociological approach. The results of this study, the role of the notary in changing the CV business entity to become a PT legal entity is to settle debt which is then used as a reference to determine the initial capital in PT. Make an announcement in the newspaper that the CV will be upgraded to a PT, the Notary submits an application to obtain a Ministerial decision regarding the legalization of a legal entity electronically and the Notary's responsibility in changing the CV business entity to a PT legal entity can be classified on the responsibility based on errors because the Notary is responsible for the process change from start to finish. Legal consequences that occur with changes. First, the change in status from a CV to a legal entity of PT. Second, the minimum paid-up capital. Third, unlimited responsibility. Fourth, if the CV in charge of managing the company and is personally responsible is a complementary partner. In the PT GMS, the Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioners. Fifth, related to ongoing engagements must still be completed by CV or PT and no transfer of engagement is carried out.

scholarly journals Tanggung Jawab Direksi atas Terjadinya Pailit Perseroan Terbatas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Antonius Faebuadodo Gea ◽  
Hirsanuddin Hirsanuddin ◽  
Djumardin Djumardin
Keyword(s):  
Limited Liability ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Separate System ◽  
Accountability Mechanism ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Consequences

This research was conducted to find out how the directors' accountability mechanism caused by an error or negligence caused the limited company to go bankrupt and how the legal consequences on the bankruptcy of a limited liability company. This type of research was classified as a normative legal research or also called doctrinal research, namely research that examined the law as a separate system that was separate from various other systems in society so as to provide a boundary between the legal system with other systems. The approach method used was the statutory approach; and Conceptual Approach. In principle, the Board of Directors was not personally responsible for acts committed for and on behalf of the company based on its authority. The scope of conduct that would be personally accounted for by the directors of the company was negligence because the directors did not fulfill the contents of the agreement and mistakes because the directors commit acts against the law. Bankruptcy of a Limited Liability Company was the bankruptcy of itself, not the bankruptcy of its management, even though the bankruptcy was due to the negligence of its management. So that management should not be held liable jointly for any losses due to negligence and could only be held accountable if the company's assets were not sufficient to cover losses due to bankruptcy Article 90 paragraph (2) of the Limited Liability Company Law).

scholarly journals TINDAKAN ULTRA VIRES DIREKSI DAN AKIBAT HUKUMNYA BAGI PERSEROAN TERBATAS

Yurispruden ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Abdul Rokhim
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Law

ABSTRACTThe Actions of the Board of Directors are legally qualified as the actions of the Company as a legal entity if carried out by the authority and objectives of the Company as stated in the company's articles of association. The actions of directors that are carried out outside the authority or beyond the authority(ultra vires)cannot be qualified as the actions of the company. As a result, such legal action is not binding on the Company and only binds the Board of Directors personally with third parties. The problems examined are the limits of authority of the Board of Directors according to the UUPT and the doctrine and concept of ultra vires directors. Types of normative juridical research with conceptual approach and statute approach. The actions of the board of directors as long as it is carried out within the limits of the authority granted by the law and the articles of association of PT(intra vires)are legally viewed as the actions of PT as a legal entity. Actions of the Board of Directors that are carried out outside the authority or exceed their authority as stipulated in the laws and articles of association of PT(ultra vires)the Board of Directors must be personally responsible with third parties.Keywords: Ultra Vires Action; Board of Directors; Limited Liability Company ABSTRAKTindakan Direksi secara hukum dikualifikasi sebagai tindakan perseroan selaku badan hukum apabila dilakukan sesuai dengan kewenangan dan tujuan perseroan sebagaimana tercantum dalam anggaran dasar perseroan. Tindakan direksi yang dilakukan di luar kewenangan atau melampaui kewenangan (ultra vires) tidak dapat dikualifikasi sebagai tindakan perseroan. Akibatnya, tindakan hukum tersebut tidak mengikat perseroan dan hanya mengikat Direksi secara pribadi dengan pihak ketiga. Permasalahan yang diteliti yaitu batas-batas kewenangan Direksi menurut UUPT dan doktrin dan konsep ultra vires direksi. Jenis penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Tindakan direksi sepanjang dilakukan dalam batas-batas kewenangan yang diberikan oleh undang-undang dan anggaran dasar PT (intra vires) secara hukum dipandang sebagai tindakan PT selaku badan hukum. Tindakan Direksi yang dilakukan di luar kewenangan atau melampaui kewenangannya sebagaimana diatur dalam undang-undang dan anggaran dasar PT (ultra vires) Direksi harus bertanggung jawab secara pribadi dengan pihak ketiga.Kata Kunci: Tindakan Ultra Vires; Direksi; Perseroan Terbatas

scholarly journals PROGRESIFITAS HUKUM PENGEMBALIAN DEVIDEN SAHAM INTERIM PERSEROAN TERBATAS PADA UUPT NO.40 TAHUN 2007

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bella Mutiara Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Dividend Distribution ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Annual Book

AbstractProgressive law must place the law in a very close position with the law's community or stakeholders. This position is called responsive, progressive law and is always associated with stakeholders' reality and needs to create justice and happiness as law aspired itself. Also, progressive law emphasizes social integration to overcome public moral insularity.Starting from the viewpoint of progressive law, the author looks at the laws and regulations that discuss the return of interim dividends as stated in the Limited Liability Company Law No. 40 of 2007, article 72, article 72 states that companies allow rules related to dividend distribution in a temporary (interim) way. The article is then interpreted as that if the company has positive profits, the company is allowed to distribute dividends before the company closes the book at the end of the year, provided that the board of directors officially announces the distribution with the approval of the GMS that the positive profits obtained by the company before closing the book will come as dividends interim. As a result, the company competes to distribute interim dividends to increase and show its credibility to investors. It was recorded on the Indonesian stock exchange (IDX) that in September 2020, 73 companies distributed interim dividends.However, article 72 paragraph 5 of the Limited Liability Company Law No. 40 of 2007 explains that if after the company distributes interim dividends to shareholders and at the end of the closing of the annual book the company suffers a loss, the shareholders must return the dividends they have received. If the shareholder does not return it, the directors and commissioners are jointly responsible for covering the company's losses.This viewpoint is the basis for finding the location of the value and form of legal progressivity regarding the mechanism of interim share dividends in limited liability companies as stated in UUPT No.40 of 2007 Article 72 using a normative research method with a conceptual approach. 

scholarly journals THE LEGAL ENTITY OF BAITUL MAAL WAT TAMWIL (BMT) AS A MICRO FINANCIAL INSTITUTION IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Moh Syaifur Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Status

The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal status and accountability of Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) as a financial institution in Indonesia, because so far BMT has two main functions,  the first, Baitul Maal as a non-profit institution that distributes zakat, infaq and alms, and the second, Baitul Tamwil is an institution whose function is to collect and to distribute commercial funds. This research uses normative research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study indicate that the legal status of BMTs so far can only be established with the status of a cooperative or limited liability company. It refers to the characteristics possessed by BMT itself. The form of BMT accountability follows the form of liability that exists in the form of a BMT legal entity, if the loss is caused by the management or organs, the management or organs are jointly and severally responsible, but otherwise if the management or organs can prove then the management or organs are not jointly responsible for the losses incurred by BMT.

scholarly journals Regulation of Foreigner Stay Permit as Director of Limited Liability Company and Investor in Foreign Investment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Tri Sutjiati ◽  
Ida Ayu Sadnyini
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Worker ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Ideal Framework

Based to Article 10 Paragraph (1) on Regulation Ministry of Manpower Number 10 Year 2018 Concerning Procedure of Employ Foreign Worker says that employer of the foreign worker is not required to possess any EPP (working permit) to employ foreign workers who are shareholders with the position of the board of directors or board of commissioners, as it is stated before on Article 10 Paragraph (1) Presidential Decree No. 20 Year 2018 Concerning Foreign Worker. Nevertheless, the facility for investors to possess stay permits in Indonesia which is mentioned in Article 22 Paragraph (3), Regulation of Ministry of Justice and Human Rights Number 51 Year 2016 Concerning Change of Regulation Number 24 Year 2016 Concerning Technical Procedures for Application and Issuance of Visit Visas and Limited Stay Visas, says that the investor prohibited working. This study aims to investigate the procedure and the regulations that govern temporary stay permits of directors and foreign investors in Indonesia. The method used in this study is normative legal research and meanwhile, statute approach and conceptual approach are used as the approach of this study. The results of this study showed that 1) higher norms govern action, as to create lower norms, governs realization of action. Presidential Decree has a higher position in the hierarchy from Ministry Regulations. 2) ideal framework of statutory regulations shall consist of a balance portion of justice, legal certainty and finality.  

The responsibility of a limited liability company with authorized fictitious capital: Evidence from the emerging market

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Yalid Yalid ◽  
Ryan Aditama ◽  
Sindi Sindi ◽  
Husni Tamrin ◽  
Iswandi Iswandi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Fictitious Capital ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Capital Payment ◽  
Authorized Capital

The phenomenon of law related to the capital subscribed and fully paid up company is limited liability companies in Indonesia, many of which are not real. The aim of this research is to answer the question: "What is the legality and legal consequences of an establishment with a fictitious authorized capital?". The research was conducted via the study of literature with this type of normative legal research supported by an empirical approach. The results of the research contribute to knowledge that the responsibility of a limited liability company with a capital payment basis is fictitious when the establishment does not essentially meet the validity of the establishment of the limited liability company itself, whether based on terms “materially” or “formally”. The terms formilnya (“formally”) depositing of the authorized capital must be issued and paid-up in full. Although the capital is fictitious or not real, if it has been approved by a legal entity, then it remains as a legitimate legal entity, but the substance of it is a limited liability company. Depositing the authorized capital which is not real contradicts the nature of the limited liability company as a legal entity

scholarly journals Peran Notaris Dalam Hal Perolehan Pengakuan Badan Hukum Perseroan Terbatas Melalui Sistem Administrasi Badan Hukum (SABH)

Acta Comitas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Istri Intan Argyanti Nariswari ◽  
Putu Tuni Cakabawa Landra
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Limited Company ◽  
The Status ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
The Republic

In the era of globalization, many entrepreneurs  developing their businesses by creating companies. But in the case, only Limited Liability companies can obtain a legal status. Limited Liability Company is regulated in UU Nomor 40 Tahun 2007. The issue that will be discussed is how the role of the notary public in obtaining the status of a legal entity PT which was approved by SABH and the problems that have been faced by a notary in terms of obtaining the status of the legal entity. This research used empirical research, by using fact approach and law approach. With that research method, it was found that the role of the notary in obtaining the status of a legal entity PT in SABH access is, the Notary log in or enters into the SABH system through a SABH account owned by a Notary; Access a copy of the limited company deed by entering the company data requested by the system to the SABH table; Entering the business fields that have been included in the current deed, the business fields must be the same and consistent with the 2017 Indonesian Business Field Standard Classification (KBLI), this is related to the next stage in the management of company business licenses; After everything is already inputted will publish  a Decree of the Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia regarding the legalization of the of a Limited Liability Company.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Roles and Responsibilities of The Board of Directors in Share Repurchase in Limited Liability Company Based on Fair Values

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Anis Mashdurohatun ◽  
Lenny Mutiara Ambarita ◽  
Gunarto
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Share Repurchase ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Limited Company ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Law

This research aims to find out the roles and responsibilities of the board of directors in repurchasing shares in limited companies that have not been fair and to reconstruct the roles and responsibilities of the board of directors in repurchasing shares in limited companies based on fair values. This research is a sociolegal research, that is, an alternative approach that tests doctrinal studies of law. The word 'socio' in sociolegal represents the correlation between the context in which the law is located (an interface with a context within which law exists). It was found that the Board of Directors is jointly and severally liable for losses suffered by shareholders in good faith, arising from repurchases that are null and void due to the law. This does not provide fair/balanced legal protection for the parties. The fair values in buying shares are to provide balanced and proportional legal protection. Reconstruction of the roles and responsibilities of the Board of Directors in the repurchase of shares in a limited company based on fair values by carrying out reconstruction of Article 37 paragraph (3) and (5) of Law Number 40 Year 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies.

scholarly journals STATUS HUKUM PEKERJA YANG DIANGKAT MENJADI ANGGOTA DIREKSI PADA PERSEROAN TERBATAS TANPA ADANYA PENGAKHIRAN PERJANJIAN KERJA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Bima Nuranda ◽  
Anita Afriana ◽  
Holyness N Singadimedja
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Problem ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Legal Consequences

<em>The appointment of a director in a Limited Liability Company can be chosen from its own workers. In reality, this raises a legal problem when the worker appointed to the Board of Directors is dismissed by the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS), while the termination has been regulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, but when workers appointed as members of the board of directors do not accept such dismissals, the aforementioned directors choose to submit the fulfillment of their workers’ rights as stipulated in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Employment. From this problem, it can be inferred that there is a lack of clarity regarding the legal status of a worker who is appointed as a board of directors through GMS and the legal consequences when the worker appointed as director is dismissed.</em>

scholarly journals TINDAKAN “ULTRA VIRES” DIREKSI DAN AKIBAT HUKUMNYA BAGI PERSEROAN TERBATAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Abdul Rokhim
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
A Company ◽  
Taking Care

 Direksi menurut Undang-undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas memiliki dua kewenangan, yakni melakukan tindakan pengurusan  perusahaan dan mewakili perseroan baik di dalam maupun di luar pengadilan. Tindakan Direksi secara hukum dikualifikasi sebagai tindakan perseroan selaku badan hukum apabila dilakukan sesuai dengan kewenangan dan tujuan perseroan sebagaimana tercantum dalam anggaran dasar perseroan. Tindakan direksi yang dilakukan di luar kewenangan atau melampaui kewenangan (ultra vires) tidak dapat dikualifikasi sebagai tindakan perseroan. Akibatnya, tindakan hukum tersebut tidak mengikat perseroan dan hanya mengikat Direksi secara pribadi dengan pihak ketiga.Kata kunci: Tindakan Ultra Vires; Direksi; Perseroan Terbatas Directors according to Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Company have two authorities, namely taking care of the company and representing the company both inside and outside the court. The actions of the Board of Directors are legally qualified as the actions of the company as a legal entity if they are carried out in accordance with the authority and objectives of the company as stated in the company's articles of association (company statute). The directors' actions that are carried out outside the authority or exceed the authority (ultra vires) cannot be qualified as a company action. As a result, these legal actions do not bind the company and only bind the Directors privately with third parties.Keywords: Ultra Vires Actions; the Directors; Limited Liability Company

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