Bacterial Diversity in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) from Two States in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-271
Author(s):  
Desmond Onyeka Agwunobi ◽  
Joshua Kamani ◽  
Hongyuan Zheng ◽  
Lida Guo ◽  
Zhijun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Community Profile ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Abundant Genus

Abstract Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) is the most widely distributed tick species globally and plays a major role in tick-borne pathogen transmission among canine populations. The microbial community of this tick has not been characterized previously in Nigeria. Thus, in this study, the bacterial diversity in R. sanguineus collected from two states in Nigeria was explored using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing (IonS5TM XL sequencing platform). Three hundred genera (although 18 groups belong to unidentified genera) of bacteria belonging to 22 phyla were detected after pooling and sequencing, indicating a diverse bacterial community profile. At the phylum level, Actinobacteria (47.39%) was the most abundant phylum in the Benue state samples, followed by Proteobacteria (43.87%) and Firmicutes (8.21%), whereas Fusobacteria (38.14%) was the most abundant phylum in Plateau state samples, followed by Bacteroidetes (17.57%) and Firmicutes (17.54%). Proteobacteria accounts for 17% of samples from Plateau state. In general, Cetobacterium (35.86%) was the most abundant genus, followed by an unidentified genus under Corynebacteriaceae (29.94%) and Stenotrophomonas (19.52%). Coxiella spp., one common endosymbiont found in various tick species, was present in R. sanguineus. This study provides a baseline of knowledge of the bacterial microbiome of R. sanguineus in Nigeria. Nonpathogenic bacteria species were prevalent, and not much is known about their role. Thus, their composition, functional, and ecologic implications merit further investigation because this will aid in the subsequent management of ticks and tick-borne diseases.

scholarly journals A community approach of pathogens and their arthropod vectors (ticks and fleas) in dogs of African Sub-Sahara

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Heylen ◽  
Michael Day ◽  
Bettina Schunack ◽  
Josephus Fourie ◽  
Michel Labuschange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Consistent Difference

Abstract Background Arthropod-borne pathogens and their vectors are present throughout Africa. They have been well-studied in livestock of sub-Saharan Africa, but poorly in companion animals. Given the socio-economic importance of companion animals, the African Small Companion Animal Network (AFSCAN), as part of the WSAVA Foundation, initiated a standardized multi-country surveillance study. Methods Macro-geographic variation in ectoparasite (ticks and fleas) and pathogen communities in dogs was assessed through molecular screening of approximately 100 infested dogs in each of six countries (Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda and Namibia), both in rural and urban settings. The most important intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors within the subpopulation of infested dogs were evaluated. Results Despite the large macro-geographic variation in the dogs screened, there was no consistent difference between East and West Africa in terms of the diversity and numbers of ticks. The highest and lowest numbers of ticks were found in Nigeria and Namibia, respectively. Most often, there was a higher diversity of ticks in rural habitats than in urban habitats, although the highest diversity was observed in an urban Uganda setting. With the exception of Namibia, more fleas were collected in rural areas. We identified tick species (including Haemaphysalis spinulosa) as well as zoonotic pathogens (Coxiella burnetti, Trypanosoma spp.) that are not classically associated with companion animals. Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most abundant tick, with a preference for urban areas. Exophilic ticks, such as Haemaphysalis spp., were more often found in rural areas. Several multi-host ticks occurred in urban areas. For R. sanguineus, housing conditions and additional pets were relevant factors in terms of infestation, while for a rural tick species (Haemaphysalis elliptica), free-roaming dogs were more often infested. Tick occurrence was associated to the use of endoparasiticide, but not to the use of ectoparasiticide. The most prevalent tick-borne pathogen was Hepatozoon canis followed by Ehrlichia canis. High levels of co-parasitism were observed in all countries and habitats. Conclusions As dogs share a common environment with people, they have the potential to extend the network of pathogen transmission to humans. Our study will help epidemiologists to provide recommendations for surveillance and prevention of pathogens in dogs and humans. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Assessment of microbial community diversity in lakes of İğneada floodplain forest by metabarcoding approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
E. Gözde Özbayram ◽  
brahim Halil Miraloğlu ◽  
Bahar İnce
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Community Patterns ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
The Family

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of bacterial community patterns of the lakes of İğneada Floodplain Forest by metabarcoding approach. Within this scope, surface water samples were collected from three lakes located in the area namely Mert Lake, Hamam Lake, and Saka Lake, and the bacterial diversity was assessed by a high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Chao1 richness and Shannon diversity were higher in Saka Lake indicated a more diverse bacterial community. Proteobacteria was by far the most abundant phyla in all lakes. Although Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria also dominated the community, their abundances differed in each lake. While the family Burkholderiaceae represented 25% of the bacterial community in Saka Lake, the abundances were 9% and 4% in Hamam Lake and Mert Lake, respectively. This study is one of the first investigations specifically focused on the bacterial communities in three lakes of İğneada Floodplain by next-generation sequencing platform and gave a prescreening of the bacterial diversity. Further studies are required to determine the biotechnological potential of this unique habitat.

scholarly journals Bacterial diversity in the gastrointestinal tracts of Rhinolophus luctus and Murina leucogaster in Henan Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (13) ◽  
pp. 1407-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Sun ◽  
Zhimin Yuan ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
Yuanzhao Qin ◽  
Yongtian Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bacteria

Abstract Purpose Previous studies have assessed the diversity of gastrointestinal bacteria in bats and reported that some of the strains are pathogenic to humans; therefore, bats are considered to be potential reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. However, the bacterial diversity and types of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of Rhinolophus luctus and Murina leucogaster have not yet been determined. Humans frequently come into contact with these species; therefore, assessments of their gut microbiota, especially potential pathogens, are essential for public health. In the present study, MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to address this research gap, and the results were compared with those reported previously. Methods The V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using the MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform to determine the bacterial community of the stomach and the intestines of R. luctus and M. leucogaster. Results The bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of R. luctus and M. leucogaster were classified into three and four main bacterial phyla, respectively. In both R. luctus and M. leucogaster, the dominant phylum was Proteobacteria (stomach 86.07% and 95.79%, intestines 91.87% and 88.78%, respectively), followed by Firmicutes (stomach 13.84% and 4.19%, intestines 8.11% and 11.20%, respectively). In total, 18 and 20 bacterial genera occurred in a relative abundance of 0.01% or more in the gastrointestinal tracts of R. luctus and M. leucogaster, respectively. In R. luctus, the dominant genera were Lactococcus (10.11%) and Paeniclostridium (3.41%) in the stomach, and Undibacterium (28.56%) and Paeniclostridium (4.69%) in the intestines. In M. leucogaster, the dominant genera were Undibacterium (54.41%) and Burkholderia (5.28%) in the stomach, and Undibacterium (29.67%) and Enterococcus (7.19%) in the intestines. Among the detected gastrointestinal tract flora of R. luctus and M. leucogaster, 12 bacterial genera were pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens. Conclusion A high number of human pathogens were detected in the gastrointestinal tracts of R. luctus and M. leucogaster, which demonstrates the urgency for increased efforts in the prevention and management of bat-to-human disease transmission from these species.

scholarly journals Importation of Ticks on Companion Animals and the Risk of Spread of Tick-Borne Diseases to Non-Endemic Regions in Europe

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Alicja Buczek ◽  
Weronika Buczek
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Geographic Regions

Increased human mobility elevates the risk of exposure of companion animals travelling with their owners or imported from other regions to tick attacks. In this study, we highlight the potential role of dogs and cats taken for tourist trips or imported animals in the spread of ticks and tick-borne pathogens. The Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick, which is a vector of numerous pathogens causing diseases in animals and humans, is imported most frequently from endemic areas to many European countries. Additionally, alien tick species with high epizootic and epidemiological importance can be imported on dogs from other continents. Companion animals play an even greater role in the spread of autochthonous tick species and transmission of tick pathogens to other animals and humans. Although the veterinary and medical effects of the parasitism of ticks carried by companion animals travelling with owners or imported animals are poorly assessed, these animals seem to play a role in the rapid spread of tick-borne diseases. Development of strategies for protection of the health of companion animals in different geographic regions should take into account the potential emergence of unknown animal tick-borne diseases that can be transmitted by imported ticks.

scholarly journals Characterization of oral bacterial diversity of irradiated patients by high-throughput sequencing

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Jian Hu ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Yun-Tao Jiang ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
Wen-Wei Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing

Identification of tick species infesting livestock in Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Habibullah ◽  
Muhammad Mubeen ◽  
Ghulam Jelani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum

Ticks are blood-feeding obligate ectoparasites that belong to order Arachnida with three main families (Ixodidae, Argasidae, and Nuttalleillidae). Ticks transmit viral, bacterial, and zoonotic diseases in humans, and animals (wild and domestic). Ticks directly and indirectly affect the livestock industry which plays an important role in the rural economy of Pakistan. These are the main source of income and a source of food for poor people. The current study was conducted to identify the tick species infesting livestock in Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan. For this purpose, different farms were randomly visited and 130 ticks were collected from 200 scanned animals.  The collected ticks were identified to species level using morphological keys. In the current study, four tick species were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum, and Dermacentor marginatus were identified. The most dominant species were Hy. anatolicum (35.39%) followed by R. sanguineus (30.00%), Hy. marginatum (23.85%) and D. marginatus (10.77%). Hy. anatolicum was the predominant tick species and accounted for 35.39% of the ticks. Tick infestation was highest in buffaloes followed by cows, sheep, and goats. Tail and ear were the most preferable sites for tick infestation than other body parts.

scholarly journals Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato(Ixodidae) in synantropic rodents in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Tavares Winkel ◽  
Paulo Bretanha Ribeiro ◽  
Lidiane Oliveira Antunes ◽  
Marcial Corrêa Cárcamo ◽  
Élvia Elena Silveira Vianna
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
First Record ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato

Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, is responsible for maintaining and transmitting various pathogens, both in animals and human beings, and it is of great sanitary importance. This communication reports the first occurrence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato parasitizing Rattus norvegicus in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and it is also the first record of this tick species parasitizing Rattus rattus in Brazil. The rodents were captured from the port area, located in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We collected 6 larvae of this tick species from 2 male R. rattus individuals, and 3 larvae from 2 female R. norvegicus individuals; parasitized specimens of both rodent species were captured from different sites within the experimental area. This record broadens the number of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato hosts in urban areas, indicating the need for continued monitoring on population density for both R. sanguineus and synanthropic rodents.

scholarly journals Application of High-Throughput Sequencing in the Diagnosis of Inherited Thrombocytopenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9_suppl) ◽  
pp. 94S-103S ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Lijuan Cao ◽  
Guangying Sheng ◽  
Hongjie Shen ◽  
Jing Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Inherited Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Thrombotic Diseases ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs

Inherited thrombocytopenia is a group of hereditary diseases with a reduction in platelet count as the main clinical manifestation. Clinically, there is an urgent need for a convenient and rapid diagnosis method. We introduced a high-throughput, next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform into the routine diagnosis of patients with unexplained thrombocytopenia and analyzed the gene sequencing results to evaluate the value of NGS technology in the screening and diagnosis of inherited thrombocytopenia. From a cohort of 112 patients with thrombocytopenia, we screened 43 patients with hereditary features. For the blood samples of these 43 patients, a gene sequencing platform for hemorrhagic and thrombotic diseases comprising 89 genes was used to perform gene detection using NGS technology. When we combined the screening results with clinical features and other findings, 15 (34.9%) of 43patients were diagnosed with inherited thrombocytopenia. In addition, 19 pathogenic variants, including 8 previously unreported variants, were identified in these patients. Through the use of this detection platform, we expect to establish a more effective diagnostic approach to such disorders.

scholarly journals Composition of tick species (Acari: Ixodida) on dogs in the urban agglomeration – a multi-year study

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 698-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław M. Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

Ticks parasitizing on dogs belong to mites of the order Ixodida, class Arachnida. In Poland the occurrence of four species has been recorded most frequently: Ixodes ricinus, I. hexagonus, I. crenulatus and Dermacentor reticulatus. Their importance is due to the fact that they are vectors of many dangerous diseases of humans and animals. The subject of the present study were ticks collected from dogs, patients of several veterinary clinics from the urban agglomeration of the city of Olsztyn. Ticks were collected from May to June in eight consecutive years: 2009–2016. The dominant species was I. ricinus (60.14%) in relation to D. reticulatus (39.71%). In two consecutive years, 2011–2012, single females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus were also identified, an exceptional finding of this species in our country. In D. reticulatus, nymphs predominated over females (23.74% vs 16.0%) while in I. ricinus the respective percentage was 29.6% and 30.55%. However, in subsequent years of the study the proportions between nymphs and females varied greatly in both species.

scholarly journals Identification of microRNA-like RNAs from Trichoderma asperellum DQ-1 during its interaction with tomato roots using bioinformatic analysis and high-throughput sequencing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254808
Author(s):  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Fengtao Zhang ◽  
Jia Cui ◽  
Di Chen ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Srna Library ◽  
Tomato Roots

MicroRNA-like small RNAs (milRNAs) and their regulatory roles in the interaction between plant and fungus have recently aroused keen interest of plant pathologists. Trichoderma spp., one of the widespread biocontrol fungi, can promote plant growth and induce plant disease resistance. To investigate milRNAs potentially involved in the interaction between Trichoderma and tomato roots, a small RNA (sRNA) library expressed during the interaction of T. asperellum DQ-1 and tomato roots was constructed and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeqTM 2500 sequencing platform. From 13,464,142 sRNA reads, we identified 21 milRNA candidates that were similar to other known microRNAs in the miRBase database and 22 novel milRNA candidates that possessed a stable microRNA precursor hairpin structure. Among them, three milRNA candidates showed different expression level in the interaction according to the result of stem-loop RT-PCR indicating that these milRNAs may play a distinct regulatory role in the interaction between Trichoderma and tomato roots. The potential transboundary milRNAs from T. asperellum and their target genes in tomato were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The results revealed that several interesting proteins involved in plant growth and development, disease resistance, seed maturation, and osmotic stress signal transduction might be regulated by the transboundary milRNAs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of milRNAs taking part in the process of interaction of T. asperellum and tomato roots and associated with plant promotion and disease resistance. The results might be useful to unravel the mechanism of interaction between Trichoderma and tomato.

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