scholarly journals The Role of Government in Agricultural and Rural Development: Review of Agricultural Policies in Ukraine after Independence with a Look at the EU and South Korea Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-145
Author(s):  
Stanislav Rieznik ◽  
Lee Hwan Beom
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Government

Support for prime agricultural producers in Ukraine has been characterized by high volatility in the last decade, and some recent policy developments have contributed to the volatility and unpredictability. Until recently, the government support for agricultural holdings led to an increase in the export potential of the sector, but, on the other hand, it also brought a number of negative consequences. This study aims at reviewing of the present status of Ukraine's agricultural sector and rural areas and examines the role of the government intervention and support in the transformation of the agricultural sector and its effect on rural development to provide policy recommendations in this regard. Based on the analysis, the study provides policy recommendations suggesting that government need to promote cooperation of small farms and households (helping them to develop in organic agriculture direction) with agricultural holding companies and emphasizes that development of rural non-farm employment opportunities can be seen as a pillar of the rural development policy. In addition, it is necessary to foster organic agricultural development and provide local governments with greater authority in order to achieve sustainable agricultural sector and rural areas development.

Resource potential of rural areas and the role of local governments in its realization

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-834
Author(s):  
Sh.I. Sharipov ◽  
N.A. Abusalamova ◽  
B.Sh. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
The Government

Subject. The article addresses issues of rural development and involvement of local governments in the implementation of rural development programs. Objectives. We focus on exploring the status of rural areas, identifying their potential, developing sound mechanisms to spur sustainable rural development and involve local governments in the implementation of relevant policy measures. Methods. The study draws on general scientific methods of analysis, including the techniques of statistical and logical analysis. Results. The study established that the rural areas of the Republic of Dagestan are deteriorating; the migration flow of rural population to urban areas continues. Private subsidiary farming is the most important source of income generation for rural population, the capacity of agricultural organizations is noticeably impaired. Conclusions. We underpin the need to develop a set of measures for encouraging the efficient use of resource potential of rural areas, including through increasing the activity and efficiency of local governments at the rural level. The paper puts forward reasonable proposals for enhancing the government support to sustainable rural development.

scholarly journals Fenomena Penuaan Petani dan Berkurangnya Tenaga Kerja Muda serta Implikasinya bagi Kebijakan Pembangunan Pertanian

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hery Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Government

<strong>English</strong><br />Qualified human resources with a good commitment to develop agricultural sector is one of the determining factors toward sustainable agricultural development. However, agricultural development deals with significant issue especially reduction in the number of young farmers. This paper aims to review structural changes from perspective of aging farmer and declined number of young farmers in Indonesia and other countries. Specifically, this paper identifies various factors causing the changes and describes the policies needed to support young workers to enter agricultural sector. The method used in this paper is both descriptive analysis and cross tabulation. The results show that aging farmers and young farmers decline in Indonesia keep increasing. The phenomena are also found in other countries in Asia, Europe, America and Australia. Various factors causing lack interest of young workers in agricultural sector, namely less prestigious, high risk, less assurance, unstable earning. Other factors are small size land holding, limited non-agricultural diversification and agricultural processing activities in rural areas, slow farm management succession, and lack of incentive for young farmers. To attract youth to enter agricultural sector, it is necessary to transform youth’s perception that agricultural sector currently is interesting and promising. The government needs to development agricultural industry in rural areas, introduces technology innovation, offers special incentives for young farmers, modernizes agriculture, and conducts training and empowerment of young farmers.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan memiliki komitmen membangun sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu faktor keberhasilan pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan. Namun, pembangunan pertanian menghadapi permasalahan cukup serius, yaitu jumlah petani muda terus mengalami penurunan, baik secara absolut maupun relatif, sementara petani usia tua semakin meningkat. Tujuan makalah ini adalah melakukan review tentang perubahan struktural tenaga kerja pertanian dilihat dari fenomena aging farmer dan menurunnya jumlah tenaga kerja usia muda sektor pertanian di Indonesia dan di berbagai negara lainnya, mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor penyebab perubahan tersebut, serta kebijakan yang diperlukan untuk mendukung tenaga kerja muda masuk ke  sektor pertanian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan tabulasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara umum fenomena penuaan petani dan berkurangnya petani muda di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Kondisi seperti ini bukan hanya terjadi di Indonesia, namun juga di negara-negara lain di Asia, Eropa, dan Amerika.  Berbagai faktor penyebab menurunnya minat tenaga kerja muda di sektor pertanian, di antaranya citra sektor pertanian yang kurang bergengsi, berisiko tinggi, kurang memberikan jaminan tingkat, stabilitas, dan kontinyuitas pendapatan; rata-rata penguasaan lahan sempit; diversifikasi usaha nonpertanian dan industri pertanian di desa kurang/tidak berkembang; suksesi pengelolaan usaha tani rendah; belum ada kebijakan insentif khusus untuk petani muda/pemula; dan berubahnya cara pandang pemuda di era postmodern seperti sekarang. Strategi yang perlu dilakukan untuk menarik minat pemuda bekerja di pertanian antara lain mengubah persepsi generasi muda bahwa sektor pertanian merupakan sektor yang menarik dan menjanjikan apabila dikelola dengan tekun dan sungguh-sungguh, pengembangan agroindustri, inovasi teknologi,  pemberian insentif khusus kepada petani muda, pengembangan pertanian modern, pelatihan dan pemberdayaan petani muda, serta memperkenalkan pertanian kepada generasi muda sejak dini.

scholarly journals Agricultural Policies and Rural Development in Nepal: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Deepak Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rural Nepal

This paper analyzes agricultural development in terms of policy and implementation in Nepal. More than two-thirds populations in Nepal reside in the rural area and most of them depend on agriculture. Subsistence form of agriculture is common in Nepal. Rural Area and agriculture are interrelated; like two parts of the same coin. The contribution of agriculture to national Gross Domestic Product is remarkable; however, it is declining over the decades. In fact, the agricultural sector cannot attract young people; the trend of migration from rural to urban is significantly increasing. The poverty is exceedingly marked in rural Nepal. The Government of Nepal emphasizes agriculture development in for poverty alleviation. Order to alleviate poverty, rural development, and national economic growth through the policy level. However, available data and qualitative analysis reveal that the outcome from the agricultural sector is not satisfactory due to several factors. In such situation, more than half of the population has been facing food insufficiency. Because of weak policy and implementation, the agriculture sector s been suffering poor outcome. In that way, the government of Nepal along with concerned authorities should effectively implement agriculture policies in order to reduce poverty and rural development. The agriculture-rural accommodating policies and successful performance are crucial for poverty alleviation and rural development.

scholarly journals Structural changes in the agricultural sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00181
Author(s):  
Maria Tyapkina ◽  
Viktor Samaruha ◽  
Elena Ilina ◽  
Yulia Mongush
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Government ◽  
Simplified Procedures ◽  
Collective Farms

The article aims to describe structural changes in the agrarian sector of Irkutsk region caused by the government support for small businesses, simplified procedures for farm registering, accounting for property and production results, and taxation, which contributed to the development of peasant farming. The government support is required, but it can change the structure of areas and gross grain crops since peasant farms increase quantitative indicators rather than improve quality parameters (yield, productivity). This is especially true for the animal husbandry sector. With changes in government policies and decreasing government support, it will be difficult for individual farms to exist, since they lag behind collective farms in terms of maneuverability, financial capabilities, production and credit resources, which can cause new structural changes in a benefit for agricultural holdings. The government policy aimed at preserving the traditional way of life of the rural population should stimulate both the development of rural areas and agricultural production, and prevent the disintegration of collective farms that have competitive advantages

scholarly journals Perceived Role of Rural Roads in Supporting and Enhancing Rural and Agricultural Development in Mwanza Region, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Mukole Kongolo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Farm Produce

The aim of this study was to reassess the important role of rural roads in supporting and enhancing agricultural and rural development. The study covered seven districts (units) of 35,187 sq km, with a total population of 2,772,509 (2013 est) in the region. The analysis is descriptive and it is based on secondary data using tables and graphs. The emphasis was to characterise important role rural roads can play in facilitating the movements of goods and services in rural areas. The findings revealed that rural roads in the region are in poor conditions, which influenced the cost of transporting farm produce from rural to urban areas. The study concluded that improved rural roads will benefit more small farmers and individuals residing in rural areas. The regional government should be equipped with finance, personnel and equipment to manage and maintain existing rural roads to ensure effective movement of goods and services in the region. The study suggested that existing rural road conditions need improvement to enhance development in the region. Both national and regional governments should embark on various policies of upgrading and maintaining rural roads to support and accelerate rural development in Mwanza region.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Local Government and SURE-P Implementation Challenges on Rural Community Development: A Case of Selected Local Government in Niger State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Abubakar Mohammed Jibrin ◽  
Azmil Muhammad Tayeb ◽  
Siti Zuliha Razali
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Rural Community Development ◽  
The Government

Rural areas play an essential role in the national economy, the environment, and society, contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage and the sustainable income of peasants in the rural areas in Nigeria hence, diverse strategies for rural community development. However, rural community development efforts by local governments and policies hindered by challenges. SURE-P was an intervention by the government of Nigeria after the partial removal of the subsidy and resolved to invest the proceeds in pursuing rural development across Nigeria. Rural development is a multifaceted phenomenon that requires a policy with multi-side sword effects in curbing the challenges. The research objective was to examine the challenges of local government and SURE-P implementation on rural community development in the selected local government in Niger, Nigeria. The study employed primary data collection and qualitative analytical method analysis. The research founds that SURE-P implementation challenges hindered the local government’s efforts in meeting the rural community development objective. It is recommended that, need for thorough community’s needs identification, community participation, and adequate funding with a holistic process devoid of political interference as a viable mechanism for curbing rural development challenges.

scholarly journals KAJI TINDAK AKSELERASI INOVASI TEKNOLOGI SPESIFIK LOKASI MENDUKUNG PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHATANI

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Rooganda Elizabeth ◽  
Delima Hasri Azahari
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Government

This paper aims to comprehensively address the important role of accelerating the application of location-specific technological innovations as one indicator of realizing agricultural and rural development. The implementation of agricultural development has had a real impact on socio-economic changes in rural communities. Food security and farmer and rural welfare still remain a strategic problem. Programs and policies that introduce various technologies to increase rice production and productivity have been carried out by the government. Some of them are about the Green Revolution, the Bimas Inmas program, the rice SL-PTT program, the rice intensification program (IP-400, SRI, P4 MI and others. This paper is part of various research results, one of which is PATANAS: Indicators of Agricultural and Rural Development, which is supported and enriched with various data and information related to the purpose of writing. The use of organic fertilizers is highly recommended because it is very useful for improving soil structure as a source of micro nutrients and as a medium for soil microbes development. During the past decade the use of seeds labeled by farmers has increased, including the existence of aid programs and subsidized seed prices. Labeling whether or not rice seeds are used by farmers is positively correlated with procurement source. Empirical facts show that the increasing conversion of agricultural land to non-agriculture threatens the existence of the agricultural sector in terms of national food security. Innovations implementation considering the specific location should be carried out as early as possible

scholarly journals Kajian Kritis terhadap Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Perdesaan di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Erizal Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Project Approach ◽  
Community Initiative ◽  
The Government ◽  
Initiative Program

<strong>English</strong><br />The main problem of rural development in Indonesia is related with coordination among the main actors and the focus of activities. In this paper, the main problem of rural development in Indonesia based on the experience of China in the previous program and rural development is examined. In some part of the paper,  analysis was focused on the Rural Agribussines Development Program (PUAP), an initiative program of Ministry of Agricultural for poverty alleviation and rural development. Similar with the previous program in rural development that initiated by the government, PUAP is a top down project approach; most of the initiative come from the central goverment. The mechanism of project decision is dominated by the goverment role and structure, and less of rural community initiative. The maximum impact of the PUAP project is an entry point for agricultural development in rural areas. <br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Salah satu persoalan pokok dalam pembangunan perdesaan  di Indonesia adalah kurang adanya koordinasi antar berbagai pihak yang terlibat dalam kegiatan tersebut serta  fokus kegiatan yang kurang begitu jelas. Tulisan ini mencoba menelaah beberapa persoalan mendasar dalam pembangunan perdesaan di Indonesia, beranjak dari pengalaman yang pernah ada dan perbandingan dengan  pola pendekatan yang digunakan oleh China dalam pembangunan perdesaannya. Kajian ini pada beberapa bagian menelaah pendekatan yang digunakan Departemen Pertanian dalam pembangunan perdesaan melalui pendekatan Pengembangan Usaha Agribisnis Perdesaan (PUAP) yang dilaksanakan mulai tahun 2008 dalam kerangka Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri (PNPM Mandiri). PUAP merupakan program terobosan Departemen Pertanian dalam mengurangi kemiskinan dan pengangguran di perdesaan. Sebagaimana program sejenis yang pernah dilaksanakan sebelumnya, program ini lebih dominan sebagai suatu upaya terpusat dalam menata pembangunan pertanian dan perdesaan di Indonesia. Dalam pendekatan semacam ini, mekanisme pelaksanaan sangat tergantung pada struktur birokrasi, sehingga pengambilan keputusan banyak dilakukan oleh pengelola dari kalangan pemerintah diberbagai level. Masyarakat perdesaan masih sering diposisikan sebagai objek. Berdasarkan kondisi ini sangat sulit diharapkan program ini dapat mencapai hasil maksimal bagi upaya peningkatan pendapatan petani dalam waktu singkat. Hasill maksimal yang mungkin dapat diharapkan dari pelaksanaan program ini adalah sebagai entry point dan perekat seluruh program Departemen Pertanian  dalam pembangunan perdesaan.

The regional economy of Central Macedonia: an application of the social accounting matrix

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthia Maniati ◽  
Efstratios Loizou ◽  
Dimitrios Psaltopoulos ◽  
Konstadinos Mattas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Social Accounting Matrix ◽  
Regional Society ◽  
Social Accounting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Member States

PurposeThe economic and social problems, including high unemployment, facing the Greek economy in recent years are substantial. The role of the agri-food sector and agriculture in dealing with unemployment is a concern. To support the agricultural economy, a Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2007–2014 was adopted and implemented in the EU Member States. However, boosting employment, in the industry itself and indirectly in the economy, has almost never been a key goal of any policy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the CAP 2014–2020 in maintaining and enhancing employment and income distribution in the region of Central Macedonia.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used the regional social accounting matrix (SAM), which examines the depiction of the interconnections between the sectors of economic activity and local economy (households, businesses, public) but also interconnections and transactions with the rest of the world. The SAM presents a more complete picture of the economic figures of the region, evaluating the interconnections of cross-sectoral relations and the implemented policies, both in the production sectors and in the regional society.FindingsFor the Central Macedonia region, the agricultural sector is a key player, holding a regulatory role for regional economic viability, and shows marked connections with the other industry branches of the region.Originality/valueThe new CAP 2014–2020 through Pillar 2–Rural Development may reinforce the new role of the industry in terms of the environment, integrated rural development and social structure of rural areas, ensuring coherence.

scholarly journals Assessing the role of local institutions in participatory development: The case of Khwee and Sehunong settlements in Botswana

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keneilwe Molosi- France ◽  
Kenneth Dipholo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
National Development ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Institution

Many governments in Africa give priority to rural development mainly because a significant proportion of their populations live in the rural areas where poverty is severe. Thus, one of the goals of rural development is to address the problem of poverty in the rural areas with an emphasis on promoting participation of people in decisions that affect them. The Village Development Committee (VDC) is a village-level institution that is responsible for ensuring that the community actively participates in the development process in order to promote grassroot development. Essentially, VDCs have been established to offer a forum for community engagement in the processes that concern their development with a view to promote a sense of responsibility, commitment and ownership by the community. This discussion is informed by a qualitative study that used semi-structured interviews to gather data. Two findings pertaining to the weak role of the VDC and unequal power relations are seen to be hindering community participation. As such, this paper argues that VDCs in Khwee and Sehunong settlements do not serve their intended purpose of engaging the community as other stakeholders pay lip service to community participation, hence not fully involving the VDC. The paper recommends that the Government of Botswana as the main stakeholder in national development, including the development of San communities, should commit to genuine community participation, while on the other hand the San should be empowered so that they can embrace and demand to be involved in their own development.

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