Distribution of Trace Metals in Vertebrate and Invertebrate Species from Ubeji Creek, Southern Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
G.C.C Ndinwa ◽  
M Peretomode ◽  
T Asiagbe
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Arsenic Copper ◽  
Cadmium Zinc ◽  
Construction Works

Trace metals content in water, fishes (Tilapia mariae, Clarias gariepinus), earthworm (Libydrius violaceous) and sediment were determined from Ubeji River using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Metals determined were lead, cadmium, zinc, mercury, arsenic, copper and Iron. The results obtained revealed that all the metals were detected. Also, there were variations in metal levels in the samples. Highest Zn level was obtained in all the samples analysed (0.284ppm and 0.284ppm in water, 24.0mg/kg in Clarias gariepinus, 28.8mg/kg in Tilapia mariae, 1.16mg/kg in earthworm and 0.64mg/kg in sediment). The concentrations of trace metals obtained in this study are found to be dangerous. The metal levels in water from Ubeji River are higher than the WHO/FEPA standards for water quality. The concentrations of lead, zinc and copper obtained in the whole body of fishes exceeded the WHO/FEPA set standards for aquatic life. The presence of trace metals found in the sample from Ubeji River is attributed to the proximity of petroleum activity, construction works and other allied companies.

Minimal Dissolved Oxygen Requirements of Aquatic Life with Emphasis on Canadian Species: a Review

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2295-2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Oxygen Regime ◽  
Response Thresholds ◽  
Oxygen Requirements

This article reviews the sensitivity, responses, response thresholds, and minimum oxygen requirements of marine and freshwater organisms with strong emphasis on Canadian species. The analysis attempts to define low dissolved oxygen thresholds which produce some physiological, behavioral, or other response in different species.Oxygen availability is discussed with reference to seasonal, geographical, or spatial variation in dissolved oxygen. Factors affecting availability of dissolved oxygen include atmospheric exchange, mixing of water masses, upwelling, respiration, photosynthesis, ice cover, and physical factors such as temperature and salinity. Dissolved oxygen terminology is summarized and tables are included for both fresh and saltwater O2 solubility at different temperatures.Incipient O2 response thresholds are used in a statistical analysis to develop oxygen criteria for safeguarding various groups of freshwater and marine fish. These include mixed freshwater fish populations including or excluding salmonids, freshwater salmonid populations, salmonid larvae or mature salmonid eggs, marine anadromous and nonanadromous species. Criteria are based on threshold oxygen levels which influence fish behavior, blood O2 saturation, metabolic rate, swimming ability, viability and normal development of eggs and larvae, growth, circulatory dynamics, ventilation, gaseous exchange, and sensitivity to toxic stresses. The criteria provide three levels of protection for each fish group and are expressed as percentage oxygen saturation for a range of seasonal temperature maxima.Oxygen tolerances and responses of aquatic invertebrates to low oxygen are reviewed for freshwater and marine species according to habitat. No invertebrate criteria are proposed owing to the capacity for many invertebrate species to adopt anaerobic metabolism during low O2 stress. It is suggested that the criteria proposed for fish species will provide a reasonable safeguard to most invertebrate species. It appears likely, however, that a change in oxygen regime to one of increased O2 scarcity will probably influence invertebrate community structure.It is suggested that criteria for protection of aquatic life be implemented by groups of experienced individuals. The group should consider the natural oxygen regime for a specific water body and its natural variability, the aquatic life therein and its value, importance, relative O2 sensitivity, and the possibility of interactions with toxicants and other factors that may compound the stress produced by low O2 on aquatic life. Each water body and its aquatic life should be considered as a unique situation and criteria application should not encompass diverse areas, habitats, or biological associations as if they were identical.

scholarly journals Satisfied quantitative value can be acquired by short-time bone SPECT/CT using a whole-body cadmium–zinc–telluride gamma camera

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Yamane ◽  
Masafumi Takahashi ◽  
Yohji Matsusaka ◽  
Kenji Fukushima ◽  
Akira Seto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Zinc Telluride ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Zinc Telluride ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Standardized Uptake Values ◽  
Bone Spect ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative values of short-time scan (STS) of metastatic lesions compared with a standard scan (SS) when acquired by whole-body bone SPECT/CT with cadmium–zinc–telluride (CZT) detectors. We retrospectively reviewed 13 patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer, who underwent SPECT/CT performed on whole-body CZT gamma cameras. STSs were obtained using 75, 50, 25, 10, and 5% of the list-mode data for SS, respectively. Regions of interest (ROIs) were set on the increased uptake areas diagnosed as metastases. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of standardized uptake values (SUVs) for the ROIs were calculated between the SS and each STS, and ICC ≥ 0.8 was set as a perfect correlation. Moreover, the repeatability coefficient (RC) was calculated, and RC ≤ 20% was defined as acceptable. A total of 152 metastatic lesions were included in the analysis. The ICCs between the SS vs. 75%-STS, 50%-STS, 25%-STS, 10%-STS, and 5%-STS were 0.999, 0.997, 0.994, 0.983, and 0.955, respectively. The RCs of the SS vs. 75%-STS, 50%-STS, 25%-STS, 10%-STS, and 5%-STS were 7.9, 12.4, 19.8, 30.8, and 41.3%, respectively. When evaluating the quality of CZT bone SPECT/CT acquired by a standard protocol, 25%-STS may provide adequate quantitative values.

Skeletal muscle thermogenesis enables aquatic life in the smallest marine mammal

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 373 (6551) ◽  
pp. 223-225
Author(s):  
Traver Wright ◽  
Randall W. Davis ◽  
Heidi C. Pearson ◽  
Michael Murray ◽  
Melinda Sheffield-Moore
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sea Otter ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Metabolic Remodeling ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

Basal metabolic rate generally scales with body mass in mammals, and variation from predicted levels indicates adaptive metabolic remodeling. As a thermogenic adaptation for living in cool water, sea otters have a basal metabolic rate approximately three times that of the predicted rate; however, the tissue-level source of this hypermetabolism is unknown. Because skeletal muscle is a major determinant of whole-body metabolism, we characterized respiratory capacity and thermogenic leak in sea otter muscle. Compared with that of previously sampled mammals, thermogenic muscle leak capacity was elevated and could account for sea otter hypermetabolism. Muscle respiratory capacity was modestly elevated and reached adult levels in neonates. Premature metabolic development and high leak rate indicate that sea otter muscle metabolism is regulated by thermogenic demand and is the source of basal hypermetabolism.

scholarly journals Status of trace metals in smoked Clarias gariepinus cultured in earthen pond in Lagos state, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1299 ◽  
pp. 012110
Author(s):  
A M Akinsorotan ◽  
J O Jimoh ◽  
B P Omobepade ◽  
I C Adene
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Lagos State

scholarly journals Early atmospheric contamination on the top of the Himalayas since the onset of the European Industrial Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 3967-3973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Gabrielli ◽  
Anna Wegner ◽  
M. Roxana Sierra-Hernández ◽  
Emilie Beaudon ◽  
Mary Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Toxic Trace Metals

Because few ice core records from the Himalayas exist, understanding of the onset and timing of the human impact on the atmosphere of the “roof of the world” remains poorly constrained. We report a continuous 500-y trace metal ice core record from the Dasuopu glacier (7,200 m, central Himalayas), the highest drilling site on Earth. We show that an early contamination from toxic trace metals, particularly Cd, Cr, Mo, Ni, Sb, and Zn, emerged at high elevation in the Himalayas at the onset of the European Industrial Revolution (∼1780 AD). This was amplified by the intensification of the snow accumulation (+50% at Dasuopu) likely linked to the meridional displacement of the winter westerlies from 1810 until 1880 AD. During this period, the flux and crustal enrichment factors of the toxic trace metals were augmented by factors of 2 to 4 and 2 to 6, respectively. We suggest this contamination was the consequence of the long-range transport and wet deposition of fly ash from the combustion of coal (likely from Western Europe where it was almost entirely produced and used during the 19th century) with a possible contribution from the synchronous increase in biomass burning emissions from deforestation in the Northern Hemisphere. The snow accumulation decreased and dry winters were reestablished in Dasuopu after 1880 AD when lower than expected toxic metal levels were recorded. This indicates that contamination on the top of the Himalayas depended primarily on multidecadal changes in atmospheric circulation and secondarily on variations in emission sources during the last 200 y.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the quality of drainage sludge in To Lich River basin and the proposal of suitable management solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Tran Duc Ha ◽  
Tran Thuy Anh
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
National Standards ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Cr Concentration

This study aims to examine the characteristics and to assess the hazardous level as well as the reusability of sewage sludge and river sediment from To Lich River (TLR) basin, which is the largest wastewater catchment in Hanoi. Sludge samples were collected from six manholes along Tran Binh Trong (TBT) and Thai Ha (TH) sewers in rainy and dry seasons. Sediment samples were collected from seven sites near principal wastewater and storm water discharging points along TLR upstream in dry season. Parameters, such as pH, humidity, total ash, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in sewage sludge were examined. Trace metals in TLR sediment, e.g. arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) were analyzed. The results of sludge and sediment analysis were then compared with national environmental regulations for hazards and aquatic life preservation, and land use purposes, including QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT, QCVN 50:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 03-MT: 2015/BTNMT. The majority of examined parameters of sewage sludge, except ash content, are higher in dry seasons than in rainy seasons. Regarding hazardous level, all the investigated heavy metals in sewage sludge in dry and rainy seasons, respectively, as followings: 644 and 598 mg.kg-1 Zn, 146.5 and 127.3 mg.kg-1 Cu, 71.2 and 69.5 mg.kg-1 Pb, and 1.51 and 1.46 mg.kg-1 Cd, are below the legislated thresholds, thus, can be considered as nontoxic. Reusability of sewage sludge, however, should be considered since Zn exceeded permissible values for all of land use purposes. The concentration of As (0.659 mg.kg-1), Hg (0.03 mg.kg-1), Pb (4.07 mg.kg-1), Zn (81.3 mg.kg-1), and Cd (0.078 mg.kg-1) meets national standards on hazardous waste, and sludge from water treatment process, as well as to protect aquatic life and to be reused in anthropogenic activities. However, Cr concentration (157 mg.kg-1) is above those legislated thresholds, thus, unsuitable to be reused as land or fertilizer. With high concentration of several trace metals and humidity, drainage sludge from TLR basins should be treated to improve its reusability. Article history: Received 20 March 2018, Revised 05 April 2018, Accepted 27 April 2018

scholarly journals Aberration of Metals Competing for Iron on Exposure to Lambda Cyhalothrin and Aflatoxins in Dietary Fish from Selected Aquatic Sources in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Faith Obegi Onyangore ◽  
Julius Ochuodho ◽  
Odipo Osano ◽  
Cornell Akwiri Omondi
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Iron Availability ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

<p><em>Excess or deficiency of minerals may seriously disturb biochemical processes and upset internal homeostasis, leading to various diseases and disorders in fish species due to deficiency or excess of micro and macro elements caused by improper nutrition, avitaminosis or poisoning. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the iron levels and aberration of metals competing on exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin and aflatoxins in dietary fish from selected aquatic sources in Kenya. The concentration of elements cadmium, zinc, and iron in Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus bred in Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute at Sagana and obtained from River Nyando was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Iron availability was lower on treatment with Aflatoxin compared to Lambda-Cyhalothrin with a mean of 3.66 ± 0.84 mg/kg, but on subjection to zinc, competition was 3.82 mg/kg on consideration of zinc competition. The naturally occurring toxins cause micronutrient deprival and therefore relevant stakeholders be keen to prevent contamination from farm to fork.</em></p>

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