Minimal Dissolved Oxygen Requirements of Aquatic Life with Emphasis on Canadian Species: a Review

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2295-2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Oxygen Regime ◽  
Response Thresholds ◽  
Oxygen Requirements

This article reviews the sensitivity, responses, response thresholds, and minimum oxygen requirements of marine and freshwater organisms with strong emphasis on Canadian species. The analysis attempts to define low dissolved oxygen thresholds which produce some physiological, behavioral, or other response in different species.Oxygen availability is discussed with reference to seasonal, geographical, or spatial variation in dissolved oxygen. Factors affecting availability of dissolved oxygen include atmospheric exchange, mixing of water masses, upwelling, respiration, photosynthesis, ice cover, and physical factors such as temperature and salinity. Dissolved oxygen terminology is summarized and tables are included for both fresh and saltwater O2 solubility at different temperatures.Incipient O2 response thresholds are used in a statistical analysis to develop oxygen criteria for safeguarding various groups of freshwater and marine fish. These include mixed freshwater fish populations including or excluding salmonids, freshwater salmonid populations, salmonid larvae or mature salmonid eggs, marine anadromous and nonanadromous species. Criteria are based on threshold oxygen levels which influence fish behavior, blood O2 saturation, metabolic rate, swimming ability, viability and normal development of eggs and larvae, growth, circulatory dynamics, ventilation, gaseous exchange, and sensitivity to toxic stresses. The criteria provide three levels of protection for each fish group and are expressed as percentage oxygen saturation for a range of seasonal temperature maxima.Oxygen tolerances and responses of aquatic invertebrates to low oxygen are reviewed for freshwater and marine species according to habitat. No invertebrate criteria are proposed owing to the capacity for many invertebrate species to adopt anaerobic metabolism during low O2 stress. It is suggested that the criteria proposed for fish species will provide a reasonable safeguard to most invertebrate species. It appears likely, however, that a change in oxygen regime to one of increased O2 scarcity will probably influence invertebrate community structure.It is suggested that criteria for protection of aquatic life be implemented by groups of experienced individuals. The group should consider the natural oxygen regime for a specific water body and its natural variability, the aquatic life therein and its value, importance, relative O2 sensitivity, and the possibility of interactions with toxicants and other factors that may compound the stress produced by low O2 on aquatic life. Each water body and its aquatic life should be considered as a unique situation and criteria application should not encompass diverse areas, habitats, or biological associations as if they were identical.

scholarly journals The Rybinsk Reservoir Water Quality: the Dissolved Oxygen Regime.

2016 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Rybinsk Reservoir ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Dissolve Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Oxygen Regime ◽  
The Rybinsk Reservoir

This study was undertaken to investigate the dissolved oxygen content and saturation percentage in surface and near-bottom water of the Rybinsk Reservoir in 2011-2015 with Winkler method. Seasonal and annual variations of the oxygen concentrations in the water body were identified. It was found that in summer time shallower water in the Main part was seldom subjected to oxygen stratification and if stratification occurred it ass less expressed than in deeper parts of the reservoir. Comparison of the new data on the dissolve oxygen concentration with the previously obtained data was made. Over the past years, there have not been any significant changes in the reservoir oxygen regime. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the reservoir seldom reached full saturation of the studied period. On average, aquatic organisms in the water body have enough dissolved oxygen. However, sometimes its concentration in nearbottom layers drops to critically low levels, threatening aquatic life.

A New Life for the St. Croix River

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-577
Author(s):  
Harold S. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Regulated River ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Oxygen Regime ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

Abstract The water quality of the upper 110 kilometres of the St. Croix River is considered to be pristine. A major industrial discharge renders the lower 14 kilometres of the river a water quality limited segment. Prior to 1970 the Georgia-Pacific Pulp and Paper Mill at Woodland, Maine, discharged untreated effluent directly into the river causing dissolved oxygen concentrations to drop well below 5 mg/L, the objective chosen in the interest of restoring endemic fish populations. Since 1972, the Mill has installed primary and secondary treatment, regulated river discharge rate and effluent composition which has greatly improved the summer dissolved oxygen regime. By 1980, dissolved oxygen concentrations were generally above 5.0 mg/L and restocking the river with Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) was initiated.

Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen from Domestic Wastewater Using Vertical Aerated Limestone Filter

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
Rafidah binti Hamdan ◽  
Izzati Izwani Ibrahim ◽  
Ain Nabila Abdul Talib
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Final Effluent

Nitrogen is a naturally occurring element that is essential for growth and reproduction in both plants and animals. Excessive concentrations in the water body can cause excessive growth of algae and other plants, leading to accelerate eutrophication of lakes, and occasional depletion of dissolved oxygen. To remove nitrogen conventionally from domestic wastewater requires a high cost technology due to consumption of chemicals, high operational and maintenance cost. Therefore, an alternative low cost treatment technology particularly for nutrient removal including nitrogen removal system has been developed to improve the final effluent quality that is an aerated rock filter system. However, the optimization study under warm climate has not yet been developed. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the removal of ammonia nitrogen (AN) from domestic wastewater through nitrification process using a lab-scale vertical aerated limestone filter. Domestic wastewater sample used in this study was collected from Taman Bukit Perdana Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), Batu Pahat, Johor owned by IWK. The experiment has been carried out for 10 weeks. The influent and effluent of the vertical aerated limestone filter system have been sampled and analyzed on biweekly basis for selected parameters including AN, Total Kjedhal Nitrogen (TKN), pH, alkalinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen to monitor the effectiveness of the filter. Results from this study show that nitrification process has took place within the aerated limestone filter as the results from laboratory experiments show that AN in wastewater was oxidized to nitrate and efficiently removed as the removal of AN was ranged from 85 % to 92 % and the removal percentage of TKN was ranged from 83.52 % - 91.67 %. The temperature was in the average of 26.3oC±0.75, pH value average of , DO was from 6.64 mg/L to 7.75 mg/L , and the alkalinity was from 15 to 110 mg / l as CaCO3 . Therefore, from this study it can be concluded that aerated rock filter system has high potential in removing AN and TKN. It is also able to produce a good final effluent quality which is comply with the effluent requirement for nutrient removal in wastewater under the Environmental Quality Act (Sewage) Regulations, 2009 that is safe to be released to the water body.

Evidence for physical and chemical stratification in Lake Untersee (central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica)

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wand ◽  
G. Schwarz ◽  
E. Brüggemann ◽  
K. Bräuer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Water Body ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Bacterial Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Chemical Stratification ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Vertical Gradients

Lake Untersee is the largest freshwater lake in the interior of East Antarctica. It is a perennially ice-covered, max. 169 m deep, ultra-oligotrophic lake. In contrast to earlier studies, we found clear evidence for physical and chemical stratification in the summer of 1991–92. However, the stratification was restricted to a trough, c. 500 m wide and up to 105 m deep, in the south-western part of the lake. There, the water body was distinctly stratified as indicated by sharp vertical gradients of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and electrical conductivity. The water column was anoxic below 80 m. The chemical stratification is also indicated by changes of ionic ratios. Moreover, there was some evidence for methanogenesis and bacterial sulphate reduction in Lake Untersee.

scholarly journals Challenges associated with modeling low-oxygen waters in Chesapeake Bay: a multiple model comparison

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2011-2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac D. Irby ◽  
Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs ◽  
Carl T. Friedrichs ◽  
Aaron J. Bever ◽  
Raleigh R. Hood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Mixed Layer ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Mixing Depth ◽  
Biogeochemical Models

Abstract. As three-dimensional (3-D) aquatic ecosystem models are used more frequently for operational water quality forecasts and ecological management decisions, it is important to understand the relative strengths and limitations of existing 3-D models of varying spatial resolution and biogeochemical complexity. To this end, 2-year simulations of the Chesapeake Bay from eight hydrodynamic-oxygen models have been statistically compared to each other and to historical monitoring data. Results show that although models have difficulty resolving the variables typically thought to be the main drivers of dissolved oxygen variability (stratification, nutrients, and chlorophyll), all eight models have significant skill in reproducing the mean and seasonal variability of dissolved oxygen. In addition, models with constant net respiration rates independent of nutrient supply and temperature reproduced observed dissolved oxygen concentrations about as well as much more complex, nutrient-dependent biogeochemical models. This finding has significant ramifications for short-term hypoxia forecasts in the Chesapeake Bay, which may be possible with very simple oxygen parameterizations, in contrast to the more complex full biogeochemical models required for scenario-based forecasting. However, models have difficulty simulating correct density and oxygen mixed layer depths, which are important ecologically in terms of habitat compression. Observations indicate a much stronger correlation between the depths of the top of the pycnocline and oxycline than between their maximum vertical gradients, highlighting the importance of the mixing depth in defining the region of aerobic habitat in the Chesapeake Bay when low-oxygen bottom waters are present. Improvement in hypoxia simulations will thus depend more on the ability of models to reproduce the correct mean and variability of the depth of the physically driven surface mixed layer than the precise magnitude of the vertical density gradient.

scholarly journals Oxygen Regime Control in Water Body Amelioration

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 05029
Author(s):  
Valery Borovkov ◽  
Ivan Karaichev
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Oxygen Regime ◽  
Discharge Velocity ◽  
Dimensionless Groups

An important aspect of water body amelioration is the control of the oxygen regime in water mass. Pollution of water bodies deteriorates their oxygen regime, and the natural inflow of oxygen through the free surface is not enough to compensate for oxygen consumption for pollutant oxidation. Water pollution by various substances causes damage resulting from a decrease in the ecological safety of urban water bodies. Data of World Health Organization (WHO) show that the contact of the population with polluted water bodies causes spreading of deceases, such as cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and poliomyelitis, and creates considerable health risks. In this context, the artificial aeration of water mass with the use of aeration systems, which improve water quality, is gaining in importance. Most widespread among such aeration systems are diffused-air aerators, in which air supplied by a compressor passes through perforated diffuser plates. The size of the perforation is often chosen with no appropriate hydraulic substantiation. The size of the resulting air bubbles, no doubt, depends on the size of perforation holes; however, the available design relationships give contradictory results depending on the immersion depth of the diffuser plate and the working pressure, which determines air discharge velocity from diffuser plate perforations. This shows that the studies along this line are of scientific and practical importance. This article presents the analysis of the existing relationships for determining the size of air bubbles that form when air is pumped into water through nozzles of different diameters at different pumping rates; the analysis has shown the results of such calculations to differ considerably. Buckingham π-theorem was used to construct dimensionless groups, determining the relationship between the size of bubbles and the factors that govern the outflow of air into water. Dimensionless groups were used to obtain a formula for calculating the size of air bubbles at the aeration of water mass.

scholarly journals Rare European donacid beetle Macroplea appendiculata PANZER, 1794 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Donaciinae) common in Polish fish ponds

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Radosław Ścibior ◽  
Robert Stryjecki ◽  
Marek Nieoczym ◽  
Jan Bezdĕk
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Benthic Organism ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Low Rate

ABSTRACT Macroplea appendiculata PANZER, 1794 is an extremely rare species in Poland and Europe. This paper provides new data on the ecology of this species. 24 specimens of M. appendiculata were collected in fish ponds at Samoklęski. This beetle was caught mainly with active traps placed on the bottom, but it was not found in traps set just below the water surface. The data show that M. appendiculata is a typical benthic organism, moving vertically to only a small extent. The low rate of metabolism allows this beetle to inhabit waters of varied, as well as low, oxygen content. The occurrence of the most numerous population of M. appendiculata in fish ponds, currently known in Poland, indicates the crucial role of this kind of water body as a habitat for this species.

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