scholarly journals Aberration of Metals Competing for Iron on Exposure to Lambda Cyhalothrin and Aflatoxins in Dietary Fish from Selected Aquatic Sources in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Faith Obegi Onyangore ◽  
Julius Ochuodho ◽  
Odipo Osano ◽  
Cornell Akwiri Omondi
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Iron Availability ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

<p><em>Excess or deficiency of minerals may seriously disturb biochemical processes and upset internal homeostasis, leading to various diseases and disorders in fish species due to deficiency or excess of micro and macro elements caused by improper nutrition, avitaminosis or poisoning. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the iron levels and aberration of metals competing on exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin and aflatoxins in dietary fish from selected aquatic sources in Kenya. The concentration of elements cadmium, zinc, and iron in Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus bred in Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute at Sagana and obtained from River Nyando was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Iron availability was lower on treatment with Aflatoxin compared to Lambda-Cyhalothrin with a mean of 3.66 ± 0.84 mg/kg, but on subjection to zinc, competition was 3.82 mg/kg on consideration of zinc competition. The naturally occurring toxins cause micronutrient deprival and therefore relevant stakeholders be keen to prevent contamination from farm to fork.</em></p>

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Pollution in the Receiving Environment of the University of Dar Es Salaam Waste Stabilization Ponds

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrehem J. Nziku ◽  
Lucy Namkinga
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
The University ◽  
Concentration Levels

The aim of this study was to examine the availability, concentration levels and bioaccumulation of heavy metals namely; Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn) and Molybdenum (Mo) in the waste Stabilization Ponds of the University of Dar es Salaam. A total of 135 samples were analyzed, out of which 27 were samples of water, 27 of sediments and 81 samples of fish tissues. Two types of fishes were used namely; Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus. Heavy metal concentration varied significantly between water, sediment, fish species and tissues. Hg, Cd, Zn and Mo concentrations in water and sediment were within WHO safe limits. However, Pb in water and Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in sediments were found to be above WHO standards (p<0.05). Concentration levels for Cd, Pb and Zn were above acceptable levels in Oreochromis niloticus while Hg was found to be within safe limits in both fish species (p<0.05). Molybdenum was found to be below the detection limits in Oreochromis niloticus. While Cd was not detected, Pb, Zn and Mo were found highly accumulated in Clarias gariepinus (p<0.05). Oreochromis niloticus accumulated metals in the increasing order from dorsal muscles < gills < liver while Clarias gariepinus accumulated metals in the decreasing order from dorsal muscle < gills < liver.Public awareness on the dangers to which fish consumers from the site are exposed is highly suggested and purposeful mitigation measures of stopping all fishing activities in these sites is needed, also animal feeding around the ponds should be forbidden.

scholarly journals Assessment of seasonal and spatial variations of heavy metals in the muscles of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus at Sharkia province, Egypt: Biochemistry and Histology Evaluation

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Farida A Mansour ◽  
Heba N Gad EL-Hak ◽  
Mahi A Ghobashy ◽  
Maha FM Soliman ◽  
Nahla S El-Shenawy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Fish Muscles

The most significant pollutants are the heavy metals in the aquatic network due to their toxicity, accumulation, and bio-magnification. In an attempt to characterize the physical-chemical and demonstrate the potential water impact of the heavy metal content of wastes in two lakes in Sharkia province, Egypt, this study was developed to determine their toxicity and the potential waste impacts in biochemistry and histology of fish muscle. Samples of water and fish muscles were collected and analyzed for heavy metals using atomic absorption of two different fish species (Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus) along two canals in Sharkia province in Egypt during the four seasons in 2018. The water samples were also analyzed for the physicochemical parameters. The impact of heavy metal on the enzymatic antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and catalase) as well as the reduced glutathione content, besides the oxidative stress marker presented by lipid peroxidation levels in fish muscles, were evaluated. Results showed the largest amount of chloride (Cl-) and iron (Fe) in the Sharkia water sample, while Faquas water sample had the highest level of HCO3 and iron (Fe). The manganese concentration in the fish muscle was the highest in Sharkia water and the highest level of Fe was detected in the fish muscles collected from Faquas area. These high levels of some of the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in the two lakes with two different wastes as seen in this study may be a source of water pollution. The highest accumulation of metals in the muscle of the two fish species, suggesting risk for human consumption. There were seasonal variations in the level of LPO in muscle tissue of two types of fishes with a reverse relationship with antioxidant parameters. This accumulation varied seasonal and spatial as well as according to the species of fish. Increasing the level of heavy metals effect on the biochemistry and histology of fish. Keywords: Heavy metals; Muscle; Oxidative/Antioxidant, Histology, Clarias gariepinus; Oreochromis niloticus

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation and Human Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus Fish Species from the Golinga Reservoir, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zita Naangmenyele ◽  
Somandla Ncube ◽  
Felix J. Akpabey ◽  
Simiso Dube ◽  
Mathew M. Nindi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

ABSTRACT The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from the Golinga reservoir in Northern Ghana are consumed as an alternative source of protein. In the current study, levels of selected metals (As, Cd, Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni and Pb) in the two fish species and the fish condition were determined, and potential human health effects assessed. The metal concentrations in the edible fish muscles ranged from 0.16 mg kg-1 (Mn) to 101 mg kg-1 (Pb). The weight-length relationships showed that both fish were growing isometrically, and bioaccumulation of metals from the reservoir was considered insignificant with bioconcentration factors below 100 except for Mn, whose value was 161 in the gills of Oreochromis niloticus. The health risk assessment showed that Pb, Cd and As had Target Hazard Quotient values above 1 for both fish species, with that of As being as high as 19.6 for Oreochromis niloticus. The target cancer risk values for As, Cd, Cr and Pb were above the non-risk threshold of <10-6, indicating the risk of cancer developing over the years due to fish consumption. The metal concentration in the fish in the reservoir should therefore be constantly monitored and potential health risks associated with frequent consumption of the fish assessed. Keywords: fish; health risk assessment; Nile tilapia; Target Hazard Quotient; trace metals

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Level in Clarias gariepinus (Catfish), Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia) and Chrysichthys nigroditatus (Bagrid catfish) collected from Ogun River, Ogun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1433-1440
Author(s):  
D.O. Nwude ◽  
J.O. Babayemi ◽  
C.P. Ajibode
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Ogun River ◽  
Absorption Spectrometer

Aquatic organisms such as fish are prone to contamination by water pollutants such as heavy metals. This study aims at assessing the levels of heavy metals in the fillet tissues of 75 fish samples comprising Clarias gariepinus (Catfish), Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia) and Chrysichthys  nigroditatus (Bagrid catfish) from five (5) different fishing locations along the Ogun River, Ogun State. The fillet tissues of the fish samples were digested and analysed for Zn, Pb, Fe, Cr and Cd using a Perkin Elmer, AAnalyst – 200 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The concentration of Zn in Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus and Chrysichthys nigroditatus were 5.37±2.558, 6.58±2.35 and 5.11±1.55 respectively; while the levels of Pb in the species were Clarias gariepinus (1.30±3.099), Oreochromis niloticus (1.01±0.95) and Chrysichthys nigroditatus (0.35±0.59). Concentrations of Fe, Cr and Cd in the species were Clarias gariepinus (8.87±3.547, 0.08±0.098 and 0.09±0.100), Oreochromis niloticus (8.96±2.21, 0.12±0.11 and 0.11±0.11) and Chrysichthys nigroditatus (8.16±3.88, 0.11±0.11 and 0.11±0.11). The data revealed that most of these values were lower than  FAO/WHO permissible except Pb and Cr. Some of the fish sampled may pose health hazards to the consumers. There is a need for constant monitoring of pollutants in Ogun River. Keywords: Heavy metals, Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, Chrysichthys nigroditatus, Ogun River

scholarly journals Insectes ravageurs des poissons fumés au cours du stockage et dégâts occasionnés dans la boucle Nord de la Réserve de Biosphère du Dja (Est-Cameroun)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-538
Author(s):  
Béranger Raoul Tamgno ◽  
Hervé Tekou Ngunte ◽  
Nectaire Lié Nyamsi Tchatcho ◽  
Mama Mouamfon ◽  
Léonard Simon Ngamo Tinkeu
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
The North ◽  
Insectes Ravageurs

Dans de nombreux pays en voie de développement, 80% des captures de poissons sont fumés ou séchés afin de limiter les dégâts. Les insectes constituent un problème récurrent du poisson fumé stocké causant des grandes pertes économiques. Le but de l’étude réalisée dans quatre campements (Djeela, Nemeyong I, Malene I, Ndengué) de la boucle nord de la Réserve de Biosphère du Dja (RBD), était de déterminer la diversité des insectes ravageurs des poissons fumés stockés et leurs dégâts. Dans chaque campement, 25 outils de stockage des poissons fumés ont été inspectés, puis caractérisés et les espèces de poissons fumés identifiées. Lors de cette prospection, des collections de 8 espèces de poissons fumés ont été ramenées et mises en observation au laboratoire. Les insectes émergés des collections ont été dénombrés et identifiés et les dégâts évalués. Il ressort de cette étude que 31 espèces ichtyologiques appartenant à 12 familles sont fumées. Les Cichlidae (35,4%), les Clariidae (20,1%) et les Cyprinidae (10,3%) sont les familles les plus représentées. Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, Clariallabes manyangae sont les espèces les plus fumées. Les claies sont les outils de stockage les plus utilisés (46,66%). Excepté C. gariepinus infesté à 80%, les autres collections sont toutes infestées. Dermestes maculatus, Necrobia rufipes (Coléoptères) et Calliphora sp (Diptères) sont les insectes ravageurs des poissons fumés stockés. D. maculatus est le Coléoptère le plus préjudiciable aux stocks de poissons fumés avec 786 individus (99,49%) et 173,8 g de farine de forage. Les Insectes sont les principaux ravageurs des poissons fumés dans la RBD. C. gariepinus, C. manyangae et M. moorii sont les poissons fumés les plus attaquées. Les claies sont les outils de stockage les plus répandues.Mots clés : poissons fumés, structure de stockage, insectes ravageurs, dégâts, Réserve de Biosphère du Dja. English Title: Insect pests of smoked fishes during storage and damages done in the north loop of the Dja Biosphere Reserve (East-Cameroon) In many developing countries, 80% of fish catches are smoked or dried to limit losses. Insects are a recurring problem of stored smoked fishes causing great economic losses. The purpose of the study carried out in four camps (Djeela, Nemeyong I, Malene I, Ndengué) of the north loop of the Dja Biosphere Reserve (DBR), was to determine the diversity of insect pests of stored smoked fishes and their damages. In each camp, 25 smoked fish storage tools were inspected, then characterized, and the smoked fish species identified. During this survey, collections of 8 species of smoked fishes were brought back and put under observation in the laboratory. The insects emerged from the collections were enumerated and identified and the damage assessed. This study shows that 31 fish species belonging to 12 families are smoked. Cichlids (35.4%), Clariidae (20.1%) and Cyprinidae (10.3%) are the most common families. Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, Clariallabes manyangae are the most smoked species. Racks are the most used storage tools (46.66%). With the exception of C. gariepinus infested at 80%, the other collections are all infested. Dermestes maculatus, Necrobia rufipes (Coleopterans) andCalliphora sp (Dipterans) are the insect pests of the stored smocked fishes. D. maculatus is the more prejudicial Coleopteran to the storage of smoked fishes with 786 individuals (99.49%) and 173.8 g of drilling flour. Insects are the main pests of smocked fishes in the DBR. C. gariepinus, C. manyangae and M. moorii are the most attacked species. Racks are the most common storage tools.Keywords: Smoked fish, storage structure, insect pests, damages, Dja Biosphere Reserve.

scholarly journals Survey of some aspects of artisanal fisheries of Sabiyel lake, Aliero, Kebbi state, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-515
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Shehu Jega ◽  
Ibrahim Mohammed Ribah ◽  
Zakariyya Idris ◽  
M Mahfujul Haque ◽  
Md. Saifullah Bin Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
State Government ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Artisanal Fisheries ◽  
Fishing Gears

A survey was conducted to assess some aspects of artisanal fisheries in fishing households of Sabiyel Lake in Aliero local Government Area, Kebbi State, Nigeria between 2014 and 2015. One hundred (100) questionnaires were administered in seven (7) communities surrounding the Lake. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results revealed that 100% of the sampled households were married. The age of the respondents vary with 43% below the age of 50, 32% above 50 years of age. All of the households sampled were male. Respondents with no formal education accounted for 77%. Majority of the respondents still use traditional gears, methods and crafts. Most respondents (53%) were involved in only selling of fresh product as a means of livelihood. The fish species caught in Sabiyel lake comprises of Hyperopesus bebe, Oreochromis niloticus, Sarotherodon galilieus, Clarias gariepinus and Heterotis niloticus. Most respondents (42%) sold their fish fresh without processing or preservation. Regarding the role of women, 28% of the respondents mentioned that women participate in the processing of fish. Most of the respondents (87%) stated lack of both modern fishing gears and crafts as the major problems confronting their fishing activities. The study suggested that state government should address the major constraints to fishing in the study area by supplying and subsidizing fishing gears, crafts and adequate processing and preservation equipment.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(3): 507-515, December 2015

Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Ola Hashem ◽  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Rawia Adawy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.

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