scholarly journals Morphometric Parameters of the Gallbladder in Children and Adolescents according to Intravital Imaging Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
S. V. Chemezov ◽  
A. S. Lozinskii ◽  
A. K. Urbanskii
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Intravital Imaging ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Longitudinal Size ◽  
Group 1

The aimof the study is to establish age and gender patterns of morphometric parameters of the gallbladder in children and adolescents based on the findings of intravital imaging.Material and methods.The authors analyzed computed tomograms of the abdominal cavity of 75 children having no visible pathologies of the abdominal organs. The participants were divided into 4 agegroups: early childhood,  first  childhood,  second  childhood,  adolescence.  The diagnostic  procedure was  performed  on 16-slice computed tomographs; a longitudinal size, a distance between the right and left walls, a distance between the anterior  and posterior  walls  and  a  volume  of  the  gallbladder  were  detected  in  the  study.  The data  obtained  were processed using variational and statistical methods,the mean value (M), standard error (m) and the significance of differences according to the Student's t-test were determined.Results.The longitudinal size of the gallbladder averaged 4.5±0.1 cm in the entire sample, 4.3±0.1 cm in girls, and 4.6±0.1 cm in boys; there was detected an increase from 3.7±0.2 cm in group 1 to 4.8±0.3 cm in group 4 (p=0.023). The transverse size of the gallbladder was 1.8 ± 0.1 cm, while in girls  -1.8 ± 0.1 cm, and in boys  - 1.7  ±  0.1  cm.  The  value  of  this  parameter  increased in  all  examined  children  from  1.3  ±  0.1  cm  in  group  1  to 2.1 ± 0.1 cm in group 4 (p = 0.001). In patients of all groups the average value of the distance between the anterior and  posterior  walls  of  the  gallbladder  was  2.8±0.1  cm.  In  girls  this  parameter  was  2.8±0.1  cm,  and  in  boys  -2.9±0.1  cm.  This  parameter  increased  in  all  patients  from  2.4±0.1  cm  in  group  1  to  3.4±0.1  cm  in  group  4 (p=0.001). The volume of the gallbladder constituted 13.6±0.8 cm3, in girls this parameter was 12.8±1.0 cm3, and in  boys  - 14.2±1.3  cm3.  The  volume  of  the  gallbladder  increased  in  all  patients  from  7.3±1.1  cm3  in  group  1  to 19.4±1.9 cm 3 in group 4 (p=0.001).Conclusion.The most significant increase in most studied parameters (p≤0.05) was noted in children of the first childhood group compared with children of the early childhood group, and in adolescents co mpared with children  from  the  second  childhood  group  without  differentiation  by  gender. A  significant  increase  in  the  morphometric parameters of the gallbladder was determined mainly in boys of the first childhood group compared with  children  of  the  early  childhood  group  and  in  adolescents  compared with  children  of  the  second  childhood group. In girls there was observed a tendency to a smooth increase in parameters from group to group; a significant increase was determined by the parameter “the distance between the anterior and posterior walls” in children of the second age group compared with children of the first age group (p=0.022). Most of the gallbladder morphometric parameters did not significantly differentiate in girls and boys of the same age group.

scholarly journals Ratio of spleen height to left kidney height in children and adolescents according to intravital imaging data

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Chemezov ◽  
Andrey S. Lozinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Intravital Imaging ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Gender Patterns

Objective: to establish age and gender patterns of changes in the ratio of spleen height to left kidney height in children and adolescents of Orenburg region according to the data of intravital imaging. Materials and methods. Abdominal CT scans of 75 children without visible pathology were examined. The surveyed were divided into 4 age groups: early childhood, first childhood, second childhood, adolescence. The study was performed on 16-slice computed tomographs with the determination of the height of the spleen and the left kidney and calculation of the ratio of these parameters. The obtained data were subjected to variation-statistical processing with the determination of the mean value (M), standard error (m) and the reliability of differences according to the Student's t-test. Results. It was found that the indicator of the height of the spleen among all the examined changed from 7.1±0.3 cm in the 1st group to 10.2±0.3 cm in the 4th group (p=0.001). The height of the left kidney in the 1st group was 7.6±0.1 cm and increased by the 4th group to 10.2±0.1 cm (p=0.001). The smallest value of the ratio of the height of the spleen to the height of the left kidney among girls and boys was found in children of early childhood and was 0.90±0.10 and 0.93±0.04. The maximum value of the indicator among girls was 1.05±0.08 in children of the second childhood, and among boys, 1.05±0.07 in children of first childhood. Conclusion. There are no significant differences between the indicators of the ratio of spleen height to left kidney height, depending on age, and there are no gender differences within the group.

scholarly journals Comparison of Microleakage of Pedo Jacket Crowns and Stainless Steel Crowns Cemented with Different Cements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Sohrabi ◽  
Sara Ghadimi ◽  
Bahman Seraj
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Luting Cements ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Tooth Preparation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the microleakage of Pedo Jacket crowns compared to stainless steel crowns (SSCs) cemented with different luting cements. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, 80 primary molars were randomly divided into four groups of 20 each. Groups 1 and 2 were subjected to standard tooth preparation for SSC. Crowns in group 1 were cemented with glass ionomer (GI), and crowns in group 2 were cemented with a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) cement. In groups 3 and 4, minimal tooth preparation was performed for Pedo Jacket crowns, and the crowns were cemented with RMGI and Panavia resin cement, respectively. Microleakage was measured at mesial and distal surfaces in micrometers (µm), and the mean value for each tooth was calculated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to compare the microleakage of the four groups. Results: Group 3 (Pedo Jacket cemented with RMGI) showed the highest microleakage (1523.83±250.32 µm) with significant differences with the remaining three groups (P<0.001). Microleakage in group 4 (Pedo Jacket cemented with Panavia) was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (301.25±219.53 µm, P<0.001). Groups 1 (SSCs cemented with GI) and 2 (SSCs cemented with RMGI) were not significantly different in terms of microleakage (P=0.49) although group 1 showed slightly higher microleakage than group 2 (598.43±260.85 µm versus 500.25±124.74 µm). Conclusions: Pedo Jacket crowns can serve as an acceptable esthetic alternative to SSCs if cemented with resin cements.  

scholarly journals Effects of peritoneal lavage with lidocaine on survival of rats with fecal peritonitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Célio Brocco ◽  
Danilo Nagib Salomão Paulo ◽  
João Florêncio de Abreu Baptista ◽  
Thiago Antunes Ferrari ◽  
Thiago Caetano V. de Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Peritoneal Lavage ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Fecal Peritonitis ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Lidocaine Solution ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To study the effects of peritoneal lavage with a 2% lidocaine solution, on the survival of the rats submitted to peritonitis caused by their own feces. METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar rats, weighting between 300g and 330g (mean, 311,45 ±9,67g), were submitted to laparotomy 6 hours following induction of fecal peritonitis. Animals were randomly divided into four groups of 12 each as follows: 1- Control, no therapy; 2- Drying of the abdominal cavity; 3- Peritoneal lavage with saline and drying; 4- Peritoneal lavage with a 2% lidocaine solution and drying. Animals that died were submitted to necropsy and the time of their death recorded; survivors were killed on the post-operation 11th day and necropsied. RESULTS: Death occurred within 52 h in all animals of group 1; within 126 h in 100% of those of group 2; within 50 h in 50% of those of group 3. All animals of group 4 survived. Survival on the 11 th day was higher in groups 3 and 4 than in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001), and higher in group 4 than in group 3 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Peritoneal lavage with a 2% lidocaine saline solution without adrenaline, prevented the mortality of all animals with fecal peritonitis .

PSV-2 Use of Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins to Determine Fetal Age Throughout Gestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 207-208
Author(s):  
Adalaide C Kline ◽  
Kaitlin Epperson ◽  
Jerica Rich ◽  
Saulo Menegatti Zoca ◽  
Taylor Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pregnancy Test ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Blood pregnancy tests have gained popularity as there is no need for a costly ultrasound machine or special training; however, blood pregnancy tests only provide an answer of pregnant or open. Conversely, palpation and transrectal ultrasonography can determine gestational age. The objective of this study was to determine if a commercially available blood pregnancy test could detect differences in pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) concentrations indicative of gestational age. Previously identified pregnant females were grouped by age (heifers n=173, cows n=512); blood samples were collected between d 27 and 190 of gestation. Serum was tested in duplicate using a commercially available blood pregnancy test, IDEXX Alertys Ruminant Pregnancy Test. Procedures were adapted to allow concentrations to be within detectible range of the assay. Data was analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS with age and gestational age (animals grouped into four gestational groups 1;&lt; 30, 2;30–90, 3;91–178, and 4; &gt;178 d) in the model. There was an effect of age, gestational age, and age by gestational age interaction (P&lt; 0.01). Heifers had greater PAG concentrations compared to cows. Among heifers, PAG concentrations did not differ between gestational groups 1, 2, and 3 (P&gt;0.37), but group 4 had greater PAG concentrations than all other groups (P&lt; 0.01). Among cows, PAG concentrations decreased from group 1 to 2 (P&lt; 0.01), and then increased throughout gestation (P&lt; 0.01). Within age, group data were analyzed using REG procedure of SAS. There was a positive correlation between gestational age and PAG concentrations among both heifers (P&lt; 0.01; r2=0.25) and cows (gestational age 30 and greater P&lt; 0.01; r2=0.64). In summary, among heifers circulating PAG concentrations increased with gestational age, but gestational age only accounted for 25% of the variation. Among cows, gestational age (d 30–190) accounted for 64% of variation in PAG concentrations, thus a modified blood pregnancy test may allow for determining gestational age.

Age-Specific Analysis of Injury; In Between Youth and Old, Late Middle Ages Increases Injury Vulnerability (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansol Chang ◽  
Ji Young Min ◽  
Dajeong Yoo ◽  
Sung Yeon Hwang ◽  
Hee Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND Injury is a leading cause of both mortality and moderate and severe disability. Injury is preventable, and there had been many injury prevention strategies in the past. Age is one factor that affects injury characteristics. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the national prevalence of injury by age groups to probe new injury prevention strategies. METHODS This data was collected retrospectively from the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance (EDIIS) in South Korea, including patient data who visit 25 emergency departments between January 2011 and December 2017. Patients were divided into four groups by age: 18 to 34 years as group 1; 35 to 49 years, group 2; 50 to 64 years, group 3; 65 years and over, group 4. RESULTS A total of 1,221,746 patients were included, and each age group had a different injury pattern. Group 3 injury outcomes and injured body parts are similar to Group 4. This is why old age injury prevention strategies should be devised right from middle age and not after old age. Interestingly, in our study, Group 4 and Group 1 both were unlikely to have worn seatbelt when traffic injury occurred, which is different compared to other country studies. CONCLUSIONS In our study, each age group shows diverse characteristics in the mode of injury, place, time, and outcome and Group3, which represents late middle age, shows increased vulnerability. Therefore, it is imperative that all age groups have their own injury prevention method and more caution is needed in late middle age injury. CLINICALTRIAL This data was collected retrospectively from the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance (EDIIS) in South Korea.This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Samsung Medical Center, IRB No. 2020-05-042.

scholarly journals STEPS OF CUTTING TO IMPROVE PSYCHOMOTOR ABILITIES FOR EARLY CHILDREN, AGE GROUP 4-6 YEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Rostika Srihilmawati
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group 4

Pshycomotor is a movement that only involves certain parts of the body that are carried out by small muscles. Therefore Pshycmotor movements do not really need energy, but require careful coordination and accuracy. Pshycomotor skills begin to develop after starting with very simple activities such as holding a pencil, holding a spoon, and stirring. Cutting is easy, but if it does not go through the proper steps, the results of the cut will not be as expected. Scissors is a continuation of the stages of paper tearing activities in early childhood, cutting activities intended to train the child's Pshycomotorics, especially training the fingers of the child with paper media and knobs with certain stages and patterns   Keywords: Cutting is Part of The Pshycomotoric Stages of Early Childhood

scholarly journals An analysis of pH, pO2 and pCO2 in the peritoneal fluid of dogs with ascites of various etiologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Glińska-Suchocka ◽  
P. Sławuta ◽  
M. Jankowski ◽  
K. Kubiak ◽  
J. Spużak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess pH, pO2 and pCO2 in peritoneal fluid. The study was conducted on a group of 22 dogs with symptoms of ascites. Group 1 consisted of 4 dogs with adenocarcinoma, group 2 - of 6 dogs with glomerulonephritis, group 3 of 8 dogs with hepatic cirrhosis and group 4 of 4 dogs with bacterial peritonitis. An abdominal cavity puncture was performed in all dogs and the fluid was drawn into a heparinized syringe in order to assess pH, pO2 and pCO2 . The analysis of pH in the peritoneal fluid revealed statistically significant differences between group 4 and groups 1 (p=0.01), 2 (p=0.01), and 3 (p=0.01). The lowest pH value compared to the other studied groups was recorded in group 4. In group 4, the pO2 was the lowest compared to the other groups (group 1 p=0.01, group 2 p=0.01, group 3 p=0.01). The value of pCO2 was the highest in group 4 compared to groups 1, 2, and 3. The study found statistically significant differences in pH, pCO2 and pCO2 between group 4 (the group of dogs with bacterial peritonitis) and the other groups of dogs. This was probably linked to the pathogenesis of peritonitis. As a result of an inflammatory reaction within the peritoneal cavity, there is an increase in fibrin accumulations leading to a decreased oxygen supply causing the oxidative glucose metabolism to change into a non-oxidative glucose metabolism. This, in turn, causes a decrease in pH, acidosis, and a low oxidoreduction potential. It also impairs phagocytosis and activates proteolytic enzymes which create ideal conditions for the growth of anaerobic bacteria. The obtained results indicate that the pH, pO2 and pCO2 may be used to differentiate bacterial peritonitis from ascites of other etiologies.

scholarly journals O sujeito pronominal na fala de Natal/RN: retrato de uma mudança em tempo aparente / The Pronominal Subject in Natal/RN: Portraits of a Change in Apparent Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Rocha Martins ◽  
Sammy Vieira Carvalho Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Theory Of Variation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Grammatical Change ◽  
Group 1

Resumo: Seguindo os pressupostos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança linguística, apresentamos neste artigo uma análise de regra variável da expressão do sujeito pronominal em sentenças matrizes na fala de Natal/Rio Grande do Norte/Brasil, com o objetivo de mapear a evolução do preenchimento do sujeito nessa comunidade. Nossa hipótese é de que a fala de Natal evidencia um quadro de mudança gramatical que pode ser observada sob as lentes da mudança em tempo aparente, conforme postulados de Labov (1994). A amostra analisada compõe-se de oito entrevistas realizadas na década de 2010, extraídas do corpus FALA-Natal, com informantes socialmente estratificados. Considerando quatro faixas etárias diferentes dos informantes (Faixa 1 de 8 a 12 anos; Faixa 2 de 15 a 21 anos; Faixa 3 de 25 a 45 anos; e Faixa 4 mais de 50 anos), os resultados mostram que a representação do sujeito pronominal reflete um caso de mudança em tempo aparente, uma vez que construções com sujeitos preenchidos são condicionadas por informantes mais novos, da faixa etária 1, em oposição aos demais informantes das faixas subsequentes.Palavras-chave: preenchimento do sujeito; mudança em tempo aparente; português brasileiro; FALA-Natal.Abstract: In the Theory of Variation and Linguistic Change, we present an analysis of the variable rule of the expression of the pronominal subject in matrix sentences in the speech of Natal/Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil, with the aim of mapping the evolution of the subject’s filling in this community. Our hypothesis is that the speech of Natal shows a grammatical change, which can be observed in light of change in apparent time, as postulated by Labov (1994). The sample analyzed was taken from eight interviews conducted in the decade of 2010, extracted from the FALA-Natal corpus, with socially stratified informants. Considering four different age groups of informants (Group 1 from 8 to 12 years; Group 2 from 15 to 21 years; Group 3 from 25 to 45 years; and Group 4 over 50 years), the results show that the representation of the pronominal subject reflects a case of change in apparent time, since constructions with filled subjects are conditioned by younger informants, in age group 1, as opposed to the other informants in the subsequent groups.Keywords: subject completion; change in apparent time; Brazilian Portuguese; FALA-Natal.

scholarly journals Mandibular morphology of the Mongoloid race in Medan according to age groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Maria Sitanggang ◽  
Trelia Boel
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mandibular Morphology ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ramus Height ◽  
Group 1

Background: The mandible constitutes part of the craniofacial bone that plays an important role in determining an individual’s facial profile. The mandible grows and develops throughout life from the prenatal phase up to old age when it becomes and edentulous. Changes in the mandible can be measured using radiographs. These establish several parameters of mandibular morphology, including: ramus height, condylion height, body length, condylion angle, symphysis height, symphysis width and symphysis angle. Purpose: This study aimed to determine differences in the mandibular morphology of members of the mongoloid racial group in Medan according to age as measured by cephalometric radiography. Methods: This investigation constituted analytical research using cross-sectional study with a total sample of 150 individuals divided according to age: group 1 (aged 4-12 years), group 2 (aged 13-24 years, group 3 (aged 25-34 years), group 4 (aged 35-60 years) and group of 5 (aged > 60 years). The parameters were computerized by means of a digital cephalometric radiograph, the resulting data being analized with Oneway ANOVA and LSD. Results: The mean value of the highest to the lowest ramus height, and symphysis height from the five age groups, sequentially, were in group 3, group 4, group 5, group 2, and group 1. The mean value from the highest to the lowest of body length, condylion height, condylion angle, and symphysis width, sequentially, were in group 3, group 4, group 2, group 5, and group 1. The mean value from the highest to the lowest of symphysis angle, sequentially, were in group 1, group 3, group 4, group 2, and  group 5. Conclusion: The mandibular morphology of each age group differs in Mongoloid races in Medan based on lateral cephalometric radiography in which changes are may be affected by the state of teeth and age.

scholarly journals Housing Density and Aggression in Syrian Hamsters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyago da Silva Medeiros Elidio ◽  
Jhônata Willy Rocha Coelho ◽  
Luiz Cesar Cavalcanti Pereira da Silva ◽  
Isabele Barbieri dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Housing Density ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is a solitary and naturally territorial animal, with female hamsters being moreaggressive than males. This behavior makes handling difficult because they are usually housed in groups, which can leadto aggressive behavior. The objective of this study was to refine the management of Syrian hamsters in order to minimizeaggressiveness, reduce the animal injuries, and lessen the risk of accidents among laboratory animal technicians due to the hamster aggression during handling. The experiment was conducted at the Center for Animals Experimentation, OswaldoCruz Institute. Four groups of hamsters were observed by video recording: group 1 (group-housed males, 6 to 8 wk of age),group 2 (group-housed females 6 to 8 wk of age), group 3 (group-housed female, 3 to 4 wk of age), and group 4 (individually housed females, 6 to 8 wk of age). Group 1 animals were less aggressive and agitated both during housing and during handling by the animal technician as compared with groups 2 and 3. Groups 2 and 3 showed greater agitation and aggression. Marked reduction in the level of aggressiveness and agitation was observed in group 4 as compared with all other groups evaluated during handling by the animal technician. Male hamsters housed in groups of 4 and females housed individually has reduced risks of accident during handling, thereby averting distress and consequent physiologic alterations. Avoiding these risks is essential to obtaining reliable experimental results.

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