scholarly journals O sujeito pronominal na fala de Natal/RN: retrato de uma mudança em tempo aparente / The Pronominal Subject in Natal/RN: Portraits of a Change in Apparent Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Rocha Martins ◽  
Sammy Vieira Carvalho Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Theory Of Variation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Grammatical Change ◽  
Group 1

Resumo: Seguindo os pressupostos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança linguística, apresentamos neste artigo uma análise de regra variável da expressão do sujeito pronominal em sentenças matrizes na fala de Natal/Rio Grande do Norte/Brasil, com o objetivo de mapear a evolução do preenchimento do sujeito nessa comunidade. Nossa hipótese é de que a fala de Natal evidencia um quadro de mudança gramatical que pode ser observada sob as lentes da mudança em tempo aparente, conforme postulados de Labov (1994). A amostra analisada compõe-se de oito entrevistas realizadas na década de 2010, extraídas do corpus FALA-Natal, com informantes socialmente estratificados. Considerando quatro faixas etárias diferentes dos informantes (Faixa 1 de 8 a 12 anos; Faixa 2 de 15 a 21 anos; Faixa 3 de 25 a 45 anos; e Faixa 4 mais de 50 anos), os resultados mostram que a representação do sujeito pronominal reflete um caso de mudança em tempo aparente, uma vez que construções com sujeitos preenchidos são condicionadas por informantes mais novos, da faixa etária 1, em oposição aos demais informantes das faixas subsequentes.Palavras-chave: preenchimento do sujeito; mudança em tempo aparente; português brasileiro; FALA-Natal.Abstract: In the Theory of Variation and Linguistic Change, we present an analysis of the variable rule of the expression of the pronominal subject in matrix sentences in the speech of Natal/Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil, with the aim of mapping the evolution of the subject’s filling in this community. Our hypothesis is that the speech of Natal shows a grammatical change, which can be observed in light of change in apparent time, as postulated by Labov (1994). The sample analyzed was taken from eight interviews conducted in the decade of 2010, extracted from the FALA-Natal corpus, with socially stratified informants. Considering four different age groups of informants (Group 1 from 8 to 12 years; Group 2 from 15 to 21 years; Group 3 from 25 to 45 years; and Group 4 over 50 years), the results show that the representation of the pronominal subject reflects a case of change in apparent time, since constructions with filled subjects are conditioned by younger informants, in age group 1, as opposed to the other informants in the subsequent groups.Keywords: subject completion; change in apparent time; Brazilian Portuguese; FALA-Natal.

scholarly journals National Surveillance of Injury in Children and Adolescents in the Republic of Korea: 2011–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9132
Author(s):  
Soo Hyun Park ◽  
Ji Young Min ◽  
Won Cul Cha ◽  
Ik Joon Jo ◽  
Taerim Kim
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prevention Potential ◽  
Group 1

Understanding age-specific injury patterns allows the continued improvement of prevention strategies. This is a retrospective study analyzing the Korea Emergency Department-Based Injury In-depth Surveillance data, including those aged ≤19 years old between January 2011 and December 2017. In this study, we focused on changes in the modes of injury and severity, and prevention potential by dividing the patients into four age groups: group 1 (0–4 years), group 2 (5–9 years), group 3 (10–14 years), and group 4 (15–19 years). The most common mode of injury in younger age groups 1 and 2 was a fall or slip. Most injuries in older age groups 3 and 4 were unintentional and intentional collisions combined. Traumatic brain injuries (2.1%), intensive care unit admissions (1.8%), and overall death (0.4%) were the highest in group 4. The proportions of severe and critical injury (EMR-ISS ≥ 25) were 7.5% in group 4, 3.2% in group 3, 2.5% in group 1, and 1% in group 2. This study presents a comprehensive trend of injuries in the pediatric population in South Korea. Our results suggest the importance of designing specific injury-prevention strategies for targeted groups, circumstances, and situations.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Age and Change in Velocity During a Baseball Training Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712092793
Author(s):  
Christopher Antonacci ◽  
Thomas R. Atlee ◽  
Peter N. Chalmers ◽  
Christopher Hadley ◽  
Meghan E. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Background: Pitching velocity is one of the most important metrics used to evaluate a baseball pitcher’s effectiveness. The relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program has not been determined. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program. We hypothesized that pitching velocity would significantly increase in all adolescent age groups after a lighter baseball training program, without a significant difference in magnitude of increase based on age. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Baseball pitchers aged 10 to 17 years who completed a 15-week training program focused on pitching mechanics and velocity improvement were included in this study. Pitchers were split into 3 groups based on age (group 1, 10-12 years; group 2, 13-14 years; group 3, 15-17 years), and each group trained independently. Pitch velocity was assessed at 4 time points (sessions 3, 10, 17, and 25). Mean, maximum, and mean change in pitch velocity between sessions were compared by age group. Results: A total of 32 male baseball pitchers were included in the analysis. Mean/maximum velocity increased in all 3 age groups: 3.4/4.8 mph in group 1, 5.3/5.5 mph in group 2, and 5.3/5.2 mph in group 3. While mean percentage change in pitch velocity increased in all 3 age groups (group 1, 6.5%; group 2, 8.3%; group 3, 7.6%), the magnitude of change was not significantly different among age groups. Program session number had a significant effect on mean and maximum velocity, with higher mean and maximum velocity seen at later sessions in the training program ( P = .018). There was no interaction between age and program session within either mean or maximum velocity ( P = .316 and .572, respectively). Conclusion: Age had no significant effect on the magnitude of increase in maximum or mean baseball pitch velocity during a velocity and mechanics training program in adolescent males.

scholarly journals The Influence of Age on Lignocaine Pharmacokinetics in Young Puppies

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Hastings ◽  
T. C. K. Brown ◽  
R. L. Eyres ◽  
R. C. Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Eight mongrel puppies were studied at intervals of a few weeks. Lignocaine 4mg/kg was infused over 60 seconds. Frequent samples were taken over 30 minutes for plasma lignocaine assay. Initially the concentrations were significantly higher in the oldest group (178–191 days) but after 10 minutes the youngest group (3–16 days) had significantly higher levels than the other groups. Pharmacokinetic data derived included the rate constants k21, k12 (drug movement between two compartments), k10 (elimination from the central compartment), and the volume of distribution (Vβ). The elimination rate constant k10 was significantly lower in Group 1 (3–16 days) than all other groups and Group 2 (37–57 days) was lower than Group 4 (178–191 days). The calculated β half-life was significantly longer in the youngest group than the others. There was no significant difference in the volume of distribution between these age groups — up to 6 months.

scholarly journals A symmetric hypocorrection of myopia by FemtoLASIK in patients with presbyopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Khodzhabekyan ◽  
A. T. Khandzhyan ◽  
E. P. Tarutta
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Corneal Hydration ◽  
Flap Thickness ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: to evaluate the results of symmetric binocular hypocorrection of myopia with FemtoLasik surgery in patients with presbyopia of various age groups.Material and methods. 33 patients (66 eyes) with myopic refraction, aged 36 to 50, were operated by FemtoLasik. The intended Femto Flap thickness was 100 μm. The patients were divided into three groups depending on age; group 1 included 16 patients (32 eyes) aged 39–44, group 2 had 12 patients (24 eyes) aged 45–50, and group 3 (controls) was composed of 5 patients (10 eyes) of pre-presbyopic age (36–38 years).Results. The symmetric binocular hypocorrection proved efficient in 35 % of cases in the group 1 and 50 % of cases in group 2. In the control group the intended and obtained values coincided in all 100 % of cases.Conclusion. A possible cause of the discrepancy between the intended and the obtained hypocorrection effect may be a reduced corneal hydration of patients older than 39 years.

scholarly journals ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Angsuviriya Angsuviriya ◽  
Chanokporn Chanokporn
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Buffalo Meat ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The objective of this article is to study the attitudes of different age and ethnic groups reflected through the names and the taste of food, that is the southern Thais have a positive attitude towards more tasteful or the taste of hot than the other ethnic groups while the Chinese Thais they have a more positive attitude towards  insipid taste than the other ethnic groups. For the Malaysian Thais they have a more positive attitude towards the taste of sweet than the other two ethnic groups. As for main course dish, the most popular main course dishes in all the 3 groups are “Kangsom” (sour soup made of tamarind paste) and “KangTaipla” or “KangPhungpla”. As for dessert, the most favorite desserts in all the 3 groups are “Klauybuatchee” or Klauybuat (banana in coconut milk) and “Lotchong” or “Singaporean Lotchong”. In addition, it is found that the Chinese Thais and the southern Thais have a negative attitude towards beef, eels, buffalo meat etc, while the Malaysian Thais have a negative attitude towards pork because they are Muslim. When age groups have been taken into account, age group 1 (15-25) does not like spicy foods, compared with the other age group. While age group 2 (35-45) has similarities in the food names of those in age group 1 and age group 3; therefore, there are more food names in age group 2 than those in the other groups. In addition, for age group 3 (55 or more) more local names of foods are found.   Keywords: Attitudes, the names and the tastes of foods, the ethnic

scholarly journals A mathematical model for estimating the age-specific transmissibility of a novel coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-Yu Zhao ◽  
Yuan-Zhao Zhu ◽  
Jing-Wen Xu ◽  
Qing-Qing Hu ◽  
Zhao Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Group 1

AbstractBackgroundA novel coronavirus named as “SARS-CoV-2” has spread widely in many countries since December 2019, especially in China. This study aimed to quantify the age-specific transmissibility by using a mathematical model.MethodsAn age-specific susceptible – exposed – symptomatic – asymptomatic – recovered – seafood market (SEIARW) model was developed based on two suspected transmission routes (from market to person and person to person). The susceptible people from Wuhan City were divided into different age groups. We used the subscript i and j to represent age group 1 to 4 (i ≠ j; 1: ≤ 14 years; 2: 15-44 years; 3: 45-64 years; 4: ≥ 65 years) and 1 to 5 (i ≠ j; 1: ≤ 5 years; 2: 6-14 years; 3: 15-24 years; 4: 25-59 years; 4: ≥ 60 years), respectively. Data of reported COVID-19 cases were collected from one published literature from 26 November to 22 December, 2019 in Wuhan City, China. The age-specific transmissibility of the virus was estimated accordingly secondary attack rate (SAR).ResultsThe age-specific SEIARW model fitted with the reported data well by dividing the population into four age groups (χ2 = 4.99 × 10−6, P > 0.999), and five age groups (χ2 = 4.85 × 10−6, P > 0.999). Based on the four-age-group SEIARW model, the highest transmissibility occurred from age group 2 to 3 (SAR23 = 17.56 per 10 million persons), followed by from age group 3 to 2 (SAR32 = 10.17 per 10 million persons). The lowest transmissibility occurred from age group 1 to 2 (SAR12 = 0.002 per 10 million persons). Based on the five-age-group SEIARW model, the highest transmissibility occurred from age group 4 to 5 (SAR45 = 12.40 per 10 million persons), followed by from age group 5 to 4 (SAR54 = 6.61 per 10 million persons). The lowest transmissibility occurred from age group 3 to 4 (SAR34 = 0.0002 per 10 million persons).ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 has high transmissibility among adults and elder people but low transmissibility among children and young people.

Outcomes in different age groups with primary Ewing sarcoma of the spine: a systematic review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett K. Berger ◽  
Peyton L. Nisson ◽  
Whitney S. James ◽  
Kristen N. Kaiser ◽  
R. John Hurlbert
Keyword(s):  
Ewing Sarcoma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVEEwing sarcoma (ES) is among the most prevalent of bone sarcomas in young people. Less often, it presents as a primary lesion of the spine (5%–15% of patients with ES).METHODSA systematic literature search was performed, querying several scientific databases per PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria specified all studies of patients with surgically treated ES located in the spine. Patient age was categorized into three groups: 0–13 years (age group 1), 14–20 years (age group 2), and > 21 (age group 3).RESULTSEighteen studies were included, yielding 28 patients with ES of the spine. Sixty-seven percent of patients experienced a favorable outcome, with laminectomies representing the most common (46%) of surgical interventions. One-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 82% (n = 23), 75% (n = 21), and 57% (n = 16), respectively. Patients in age group 2 experienced the greatest mortality rate (75%) compared to age group 1 (9%) and age group 3 (22%). The calculated relative risk score indicated patients in age group 2 were 7.5 times more likely to die than other age groups combined (p = 0.02).CONCLUSIONSPrimary ES of the spine is a rare, debilitating disease in which the role of surgery and its impact on one’s quality of life and independence status has not been well described. This study found the majority of patients experienced a favorable outcome with respect to independence status following surgery and adjunctive treatment. An increased risk of recurrence and death was also present among the adolescent age group (14–20 years).

Age-Specific Analysis of Injury; In Between Youth and Old, Late Middle Ages Increases Injury Vulnerability (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansol Chang ◽  
Ji Young Min ◽  
Dajeong Yoo ◽  
Sung Yeon Hwang ◽  
Hee Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND Injury is a leading cause of both mortality and moderate and severe disability. Injury is preventable, and there had been many injury prevention strategies in the past. Age is one factor that affects injury characteristics. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the national prevalence of injury by age groups to probe new injury prevention strategies. METHODS This data was collected retrospectively from the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance (EDIIS) in South Korea, including patient data who visit 25 emergency departments between January 2011 and December 2017. Patients were divided into four groups by age: 18 to 34 years as group 1; 35 to 49 years, group 2; 50 to 64 years, group 3; 65 years and over, group 4. RESULTS A total of 1,221,746 patients were included, and each age group had a different injury pattern. Group 3 injury outcomes and injured body parts are similar to Group 4. This is why old age injury prevention strategies should be devised right from middle age and not after old age. Interestingly, in our study, Group 4 and Group 1 both were unlikely to have worn seatbelt when traffic injury occurred, which is different compared to other country studies. CONCLUSIONS In our study, each age group shows diverse characteristics in the mode of injury, place, time, and outcome and Group3, which represents late middle age, shows increased vulnerability. Therefore, it is imperative that all age groups have their own injury prevention method and more caution is needed in late middle age injury. CLINICALTRIAL This data was collected retrospectively from the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance (EDIIS) in South Korea.This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Samsung Medical Center, IRB No. 2020-05-042.

scholarly journals Neuroendoscopic surgery in children: does age at intervention influence safety and efficacy? A single-center experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Bowes ◽  
Josh King-Robson ◽  
William J. Dawes ◽  
Greg James ◽  
Kristian Aquilina
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Shunt Insertion ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Neuroendoscopic Surgery ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to review the safety of pediatric intraventricular endoscopy across separate age groups and to determine whether intraventricular endoscopy is associated with an increased risk of complications or reduced efficacy in infants younger than 1 year.METHODSIn this retrospective cohort study, 286 pediatric patients younger than 17 years underwent intraventricular endoscopy at Great Ormond Street Hospital between December 2005 and December 2014. The primary diagnosis, procedure, and complications were recorded.RESULTSNeuroendoscopic surgery was performed in 286 pediatric patients (51 neonates 0–6 months [Group 1]; 37 infants 6–12 months [Group 2]; 75 patients 1–5 years [Group 3]; 54 patients 5–10 years [Group 4]; and 69 patients ≥ 10 years [Group 5]; male/female ratio 173:113). The most common procedures included endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in 159 patients and endoscopic fenestration of intracranial cysts in 64 patients. A total of 348 consecutive neuroendoscopic procedures were undertaken. Nine different complications were identified, of which postoperative seizures (1.7%), CSF leak (3.1%), CSF infection (2.4%), and intracranial hemorrhage (1.7%) were the most common. Specifically, no significant difference in complication rate (11.9%) or infection rate (2.4%) was observed among age groups (p = 0.40 and p = 0.91, respectively). In addition, there were no perioperative deaths; 30-day mortality was 1.1%. After neuroendoscopy for CSF diversion (n = 227), a significantly higher rate of shunt insertion was observed in the youngest group (Group 1, 63.0%) when compared with older groups (Group 2, 46.4%; Group 3, 26.3%; Group 4, 38.6%; and Group 5, 30.8%; p = 0.03). Similarly, for patients who underwent ETV as their initial neuroendoscopic procedure or in combination with additional surgical interventions (n = 171), a significantly higher rate of shunt insertion was also observed within young infants (Group 1, 67.9%; Group 2, 47.6%; Group 3, 19.6%; Group 4, 27.3%; and Group 5, 23.3%; p = 0.003).CONCLUSIONSIntraventricular endoscopy is a safe neurosurgical intervention in pediatric patients of all ages, although it might be associated with increased shunt rates after endoscopic surgery, specifically ETV, in younger infants.

scholarly journals Associations Between Contrast Sensitivity and Aging

Medicina ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Liutkevičienė ◽  
Džastina Čebatorienė ◽  
Giedrė Liutkevičienė ◽  
Vytautas Jašinskas ◽  
Dalia Žaliūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess age-related visual functions (visual acuity and contrast sensitivity) and compare the results by different age groups. Material and Methods. A total of 231 patients were examined. The patients were divided into 5 age groups: 10 patients in group 1, 30–39 years; 40 patients in the group 2, 40–49 years; 77 patients in the group 3, 50–59 years; 71 patients in the group 4, 60–70 years; and 33 patients in the group 5, 71–85 years. A typical Snellen’s chart (the direction of the gap in Landolt C) was used for noncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity testing. Contrast sensitivity was evaluated by employing a Ginsburg Box, VSCR-CST-6500. Results. Noncorrected visual acuity was significantly better in the group 2 than the group 3 (0.86 [0.28] vs. 0.69 [0.33], P=0.018). Moreover, noncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity was significantly better in the group 4 than the group 5 (0.52 [0.35] vs. 0.35 [0.28], P<0.001; and 0.9 [0.21] vs. 0.69 [0.27], P<0.005, respectively). Contrast sensitivity at the nighttime without glare was significantly worse in the group 2 than the group 1 at the spatial frequencies of 3, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (P=0.001, P=0.05, and P=0.01, respectively). The patients in the group 2 had significantly worse contrast sensitivity at the nighttime and daytime with glare at the spatial frequencies of 1.5, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (P=0.054, P=0.04, and P=0.01 and P=0.011, P=0.031, and P=0.011, respectively). The greatest differences in contrast sensitivity were observed between the groups 4 and 5, and it was 2 to 4 times better in the group 4. Comparing these groups, all the differences at the nighttime and daytime with and without glare were significant. Conclusions. Contrast sensitivity was worst among the oldest persons (71–85 years), and it began to worsen already in the persons aged 40–49 years. Contrast sensitivity was very similar in the age groups of 40–49 and 50–59 years.

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