scholarly journals Ratio of spleen height to left kidney height in children and adolescents according to intravital imaging data

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Chemezov ◽  
Andrey S. Lozinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Intravital Imaging ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Gender Patterns

Objective: to establish age and gender patterns of changes in the ratio of spleen height to left kidney height in children and adolescents of Orenburg region according to the data of intravital imaging. Materials and methods. Abdominal CT scans of 75 children without visible pathology were examined. The surveyed were divided into 4 age groups: early childhood, first childhood, second childhood, adolescence. The study was performed on 16-slice computed tomographs with the determination of the height of the spleen and the left kidney and calculation of the ratio of these parameters. The obtained data were subjected to variation-statistical processing with the determination of the mean value (M), standard error (m) and the reliability of differences according to the Student's t-test. Results. It was found that the indicator of the height of the spleen among all the examined changed from 7.1±0.3 cm in the 1st group to 10.2±0.3 cm in the 4th group (p=0.001). The height of the left kidney in the 1st group was 7.6±0.1 cm and increased by the 4th group to 10.2±0.1 cm (p=0.001). The smallest value of the ratio of the height of the spleen to the height of the left kidney among girls and boys was found in children of early childhood and was 0.90±0.10 and 0.93±0.04. The maximum value of the indicator among girls was 1.05±0.08 in children of the second childhood, and among boys, 1.05±0.07 in children of first childhood. Conclusion. There are no significant differences between the indicators of the ratio of spleen height to left kidney height, depending on age, and there are no gender differences within the group.

scholarly journals Morphometric Parameters of the Gallbladder in Children and Adolescents according to Intravital Imaging Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
S. V. Chemezov ◽  
A. S. Lozinskii ◽  
A. K. Urbanskii
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Intravital Imaging ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Longitudinal Size ◽  
Group 1

The aimof the study is to establish age and gender patterns of morphometric parameters of the gallbladder in children and adolescents based on the findings of intravital imaging.Material and methods.The authors analyzed computed tomograms of the abdominal cavity of 75 children having no visible pathologies of the abdominal organs. The participants were divided into 4 agegroups: early childhood,  first  childhood,  second  childhood,  adolescence.  The diagnostic  procedure was  performed  on 16-slice computed tomographs; a longitudinal size, a distance between the right and left walls, a distance between the anterior  and posterior  walls  and  a  volume  of  the  gallbladder  were  detected  in  the  study.  The data  obtained  were processed using variational and statistical methods,the mean value (M), standard error (m) and the significance of differences according to the Student's t-test were determined.Results.The longitudinal size of the gallbladder averaged 4.5±0.1 cm in the entire sample, 4.3±0.1 cm in girls, and 4.6±0.1 cm in boys; there was detected an increase from 3.7±0.2 cm in group 1 to 4.8±0.3 cm in group 4 (p=0.023). The transverse size of the gallbladder was 1.8 ± 0.1 cm, while in girls  -1.8 ± 0.1 cm, and in boys  - 1.7  ±  0.1  cm.  The  value  of  this  parameter  increased in  all  examined  children  from  1.3  ±  0.1  cm  in  group  1  to 2.1 ± 0.1 cm in group 4 (p = 0.001). In patients of all groups the average value of the distance between the anterior and  posterior  walls  of  the  gallbladder  was  2.8±0.1  cm.  In  girls  this  parameter  was  2.8±0.1  cm,  and  in  boys  -2.9±0.1  cm.  This  parameter  increased  in  all  patients  from  2.4±0.1  cm  in  group  1  to  3.4±0.1  cm  in  group  4 (p=0.001). The volume of the gallbladder constituted 13.6±0.8 cm3, in girls this parameter was 12.8±1.0 cm3, and in  boys  - 14.2±1.3  cm3.  The  volume  of  the  gallbladder  increased  in  all  patients  from  7.3±1.1  cm3  in  group  1  to 19.4±1.9 cm 3 in group 4 (p=0.001).Conclusion.The most significant increase in most studied parameters (p≤0.05) was noted in children of the first childhood group compared with children of the early childhood group, and in adolescents co mpared with children  from  the  second  childhood  group  without  differentiation  by  gender. A  significant  increase  in  the  morphometric parameters of the gallbladder was determined mainly in boys of the first childhood group compared with  children  of  the  early  childhood  group  and  in  adolescents  compared with  children  of  the  second  childhood group. In girls there was observed a tendency to a smooth increase in parameters from group to group; a significant increase was determined by the parameter “the distance between the anterior and posterior walls” in children of the second age group compared with children of the first age group (p=0.022). Most of the gallbladder morphometric parameters did not significantly differentiate in girls and boys of the same age group.

scholarly journals Clinical and Epidemiological Features of the Course of Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Various Age Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
A. Beregovoi ◽  
Z. Dzholbunova ◽  
R. Kadyrova
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Disease Indicators

The clinical and epidemiological features of the course of acute bacterial meningitis in various age groups of patients in the period from 2014 to 2018 are described. An analysis of 398 case histories of patients was performed. Patients were divided into 5 age groups. The inclusion criterion is the presence of bacterial meningitis of any etiology. Patients with serious meningitis of viral and tuberculous etiology were excluded. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS program (determination of compliance with Gauss law, descriptive statistics, determination of average values, relationships between disease indicators, Bonferroni correction). Risk factors were determined, the course of neuro infection in various age groups was revealed, the criteria and the timing of the diagnosis of meningitis.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO DETERMINATION OF THE TREND OF CHANGES IN AIRCRAFT RELIABILITY INDICATORS OF AVIATION EQUIPMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF STATE AVIATION HELICOPTERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
V. Golub ◽  
O. Bursala ◽  
V. Chupryna
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Limit ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Index Level

The problem of flight tsafety , without regard to swift scientific and technical progress in industry of aviation equipment, become exceptionally sharp in our time. The statistical processing of empiric data is an actual task in monitoring of process of exploitation of propulsion MODULE of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and determination of tendencies of technical service and repair, directions of modernisation of armament and military equipment. The article considers the approach of the systems to the evaluation of reliability and safety of flights in relation to accomplishment of combat missions and preventionof aviation accidents. A methodological approach to the mathematical processing of statistical information for the period 2016-2019 on malfunctions was developed. The quantitative evaluation of their level is conducted on the generally accepted standardized indexes (statistical and probabilistic), specific methodology was here used. Index "parameter of failure flow" that characterizes the level of operating reliability and index "level of accident rate" that characterizes safety of flights were used in this methodology on ІСАО recommendation. Certain trends of changes of these indexes, the “upper control limit of reliability" and the considered conception of acceptable level of safety performance ( ALoSP) are expected for future periods for the different types of helicopters. On the base of operating data, the prognosis indexes expected, "upper control limit of reliability" on 2020 for the specific types of helicopters. As expected, according to obtained results, for all types of helicopters the mean value of this index will make not more than 4,3 failures per 100 flight hours. In accordance to conception of "acceptable level of "ALoSP" it is possible to distinguish three levels or "triggers" of flights safety : Acceptable level (Acceptable), special purpose level (Target), Critical level (Alert). These "triggers" are calculated taking into account the mean value of statistical sets of data about failures (for the last 3 years) and standard deviation that gives an opportunity to define the necessary additional measures of management to provide safety of flights. Authors came to the conclusion that conception of ALoSP is suitable for the evaluation of efficiency to provide flights safety of aviation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with implementation of necessary adaptation to the existent terms of application of UKR aviation.

scholarly journals SCREENING ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING OF PRIMARY PUPILS AT SCHOOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
N.H. Mikhanovska ◽  
Zh.V. Sotnikova-Meleshkina ◽  
H.Ye. Ostrovska ◽  
D.V. Shtryhol
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Psychologists ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Psychosocial Adaptation ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Primary Pupils

Currently, research on possible psychological and socio-psychological problems of children and adolescents during the period of their education is becoming increasingly important. Extensive use of short screening tests-questionnaires allows to identify possible deviations in the psychosocial functioning of ordinary children and adolescents, children with somatic diseases, victims of violence. The aim of the study was to increase the effectiveness of determining psychosocial dysfunction in children of primary school age by analyzing the results of a screening study. Using «Pediatric Symptom Checklist» methodology, including child (Y-PSC) and parent (PSC) versions in Ukrainian adaptation, 263 primary schoolchildren and 228 parents were examined by filling out a paper version or an online version. Statistical processing of the data was performed using t-test and one-way analysis of variance in a licensed SPSS Statistic v.20 software suite. With the help of adapted version of the methodology, it was determined that general average level of psychosocial functioning of primary pupils, according to Y-PSC, was exceeding the established norm, particularly during 2nd and 3rd study years; this fact can be the evidence of some stress in mechanisms of psychosocial adaptation during that period. According to the child version, critically high indicators were observed in 12.9% of cases – by attention subscale, in 33.1% – by internalization subscale, in 21.7% – by externalization subscale. According to parent version (PSC), critically high indicators were observed in 18.9% of cases – by attention subscale, in 7.9% – by internalization subscale, and in 32.9% – by externalization subscale. By one-way analysis of variance, it has been established that psychosocial state is affected by sex, grade and method of survey. For example, attention and externalization subscale indicators were higher in online data. In girls, there was a higher level of internalization, while in boys, veraciously – of externalization, according to both parent and child versions. Indicators by attention and externalization subscale have been significantly higher in first-graders, while the level of internalization – in students of 2nd and 3rd grade. Therefore, obtained results can be utilized as groundwork for further study of various age groups of schoolchildren and adolescents. Additionally, dynamic observation of risk group children while employing psychologists, primarily school psychologists, for support, psychological interventions, and psychoeducational programs, can produce certain reasonable activities for overcoming and deactualization of present deviations at a prenosological level.

scholarly journals Assessment of the quality of life in children and adolescents with asthma

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Duška Jovič ◽  
Snežana Petrović-Tepić ◽  
Darija Kneževic
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Asthma Control Test ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Asthma is a global health problem that negatively affects various aspects of the quality of a person's life. The aim of the study was to examine the quality of life in children and adolescents with asthma and the correlation between the degree of asthma control and the quality of life.Methods: The cross-sectional study included 100 children and adolescents with asthma over a six-month period in 2015. The study used: Standardized Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ(S)) for the assessment quality of life and the questionnaires for the assessment of asthma control for two age groups: Asthma Control Test (ACT) for adolescents and Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT).Results: 62 boys and 38 girls aged 7−17, whose average age was 11.2 (s = 2.7) years were included in the study. The overall PAQLQ(S) score ranged between 3.30 and 7.00 with an average mean value of 5.95. The findings have showed that most children with asthma estimated their overall PAQLQ(S) on the positive end of the scale. The children reported more impairment in the domain of 'Emotion' ( = 5.84) than in 'Activities' and 'Symptoms'. The percentage of adolescents in the category of poor control (12.5 %) was significantly lower than in the group of children (25.0 %). In both groups of children, the sub-scale 'Symptoms' was in highest correlation with the degree of asthma control (r = 0.915, p < 0.01).Discussion and conclusion: In this study the children and adolescents with asthma showed an overall good quality of life. Control of asthma symptoms in children and adolescents positively influenced their quality of life.

scholarly journals Determination of elements in human saliva using arc atomic emission spectrometry with MAÉS

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (1II)) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Savinov ◽  
A. A. Anisimov ◽  
N. A. Zverkov ◽  
A. V. Razzhivin ◽  
A. I. Drobyshev
Keyword(s):  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Average Value

Features of determination of trace elements in saliva samples by atomic emission spectrometry with excitation of the spectrum of the sample dry residue from the end of the carbon electrode in AC arc discharge are studied. The samples were analyzed directly after sampling, additional manipulations (including digestion) were not performed. The spectra of dried residues of the samples were recorded on a spectral device MFS-8, modernized with a MAÉS photodiode array. It was found that experimental distributions of P and Ca contents in saliva samples obey the normal law. Concentrations of Mg, Si, Fe, Ti, Mn, Al, Cu, Zn, and Cr correspond to the log-normal distribution and the geometric mean value should be used in this case as an average value of the concentration. Statistical processing of the results for Cd, Ag, and Pb was not performed, since these elements could not be detected in all the samples. The obtained data on the content of elements in 60 saliva samples of various donors are in satisfactory agreement with the literature data. The overestimated results obtained for Mg, Ca, and P can be attributed to the difference in the sample preparation stage, including preliminary centrifugation and storage of samples at negative temperatures.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

Determination of the Probability Distribution of the Mean Sound Level

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Batko ◽  
Bartosz Przysucha
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Probability Distribution Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Logarithmic Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimation Of Uncertainty

AbstractAssessment of several noise indicators are determined by the logarithmic mean <img src="/fulltext-image.asp?format=htmlnonpaginated&src=P42524002G141TV8_html\05_paper.gif" alt=""/>, from the sum of independent random resultsL1;L2; : : : ;Lnof the sound level, being under testing. The estimation of uncertainty of such averaging requires knowledge of probability distribution of the function form of their calculations. The developed solution, leading to the recurrent determination of the probability distribution function for the estimation of the mean value of noise levels and its variance, is shown in this paper.

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