scholarly journals Structural and pragmatic aspects of the speech genre “treating to a meal”

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Maria V. Zadorina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Genre Studies ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Speech Genre ◽  
The One ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Colloquial Speech

The article deals with the colloquial speech genre of “home” communication “treating to a meal”. The relevance of this research is determined by the general interest of modern linguistics to colloquial speech and genre studies. The research is based on the analysis of spoken discourse fragments recorded in natural conditions (most of the fragments were collected by the method of participant observation). The author makes the following conclusions about the genre “treating to a meal”: the genre is used during the meals while receiving guests (the addressor is a host, the addressee – a guest, or guests) and during the meal of people living together (the addresser is often the one who does the cooking, the addressee – other household members); the genre has some gender peculiarities; “treating to a meal” is partially an etiquette genre, since its super-goal is to maintain contact and it is prompted by the role of the host or hostess in the house and by the situation of “eating together”. The author also focuses on the use of syntactic constructions. The basis of the sentences used in this genre are event propositions of physical action in the form of a structural scheme N4Vf.

scholarly journals The art of non-verbal communication in perlocutionary giftedness

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Adam Świątek
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Willingness To Communicate ◽  
Language Aptitude ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The One ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Insight Into

Language aptitude and perlocutionary acts and effects have been subjects of extensive research since their true beginnings in the 1950’s and 1960’s, respectively. On the one hand, Carroll and Sapon (1959), Pimsleur (1966), or Biedroń (2012) aimed at revealing the factors responsible for a learner’s sixth sense for languages. On the other hand, almost simultaneously, Austin (1962) introduced the tripartite division of a speech act, with locutions, illocutions, and perlocutions as the integral components, later developed by Searle (1969), who shed new light on the Speech Act Theory (SAT). At that time, however, the role of the perlocutionary component was significantly diminished, since the primary goal of pragmatics was to investigate the speaker’s intentions. Gradually, the role of perlocutionary acts and effects changed and more attention was drawn to the perlocutionary aspect. In 1979, Cohen, Davis and Gaines highlighted the fact that perlocutionary acts have perlocutionary goals, which might be observed by the subsequent effects utterance have on the listener. In 2013, Post offered a new insight into the SAT and suggested that the role of perlocution ought not to be diminished, but enhanced and intensified. In 2015, Świątek suggested a contrasting approach to both concepts and combined them to investigate the role of individual differences responsible for one’s verbal perlocutionary giftedness. The research revealed that the aspects like verbal aptitude, anxiety, willingness to communicate, or personality type had considerable impact on perlocutionary skills and the desired perlocutionary effects. Świątek’s approach shed new light on the research on pragmatic aspects of glottodidactics and opened a new chapter in that field of science. The aim of the presentation is to concentrate on yet another fundamental factor of perlocutionary giftedness, i.e. non-verbal aspects in its manifestation. The research, based on experiential and comparative methods as well as individual case analysis, aimed at revealing a strong link between verbal perlocutionary giftedness and the accompanying non-verbal aspects of communication, such as kinesics, proxemics, vocalics, or posture, which affect the listener’s decisions, who then complies with the speaker’s will.

Language choice in churches in indigenous Gã towns: a multilingual balancing act

Multilingua ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akua Asantewaa Campbell ◽  
Jemima Asabea Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Language Choices ◽  
Motivating Language ◽  
Greater Good ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Church

Abstract This paper examines the determinant factors motivating language choice in churches in coastal Accra, an area characterized by a high degree of urbanization and multilingualism. As this region is also ethnically Gã, we survey the attitudes of Gã congregants to the use of other languages in their churches, bearing in mind the pressure faced by Gã from the more dominant vehicular languages, Akan and English. Data was obtained via participant observation, questionnaires and interviews. Using domain analysis, we show that language choice in the church domain is guided by the diametric principles of inclusiveness and church expansion on the one hand, and the conservation of a homogeneous socio-cultural identity on the other. Multilingual churches espouse the former while monolingual churches prize the latter. Gã congregants in churches that make extensive use of Akan and English report feeling satisfied with the language choices in their churches as they see these lingua francas as necessary for reaching out to the wider community. Although in other spheres of life there is irritation among Gã natives about the diminishing role of their language, in the church domain, this is readily tolerated for the greater good of advancing the church’s work.

Reorientasi Jurusan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam (MPI) Antara Tenaga Kependidikan dan Tenaga Pendidik

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
M. Misbah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Curriculum Content ◽  
Academic Orientation ◽  
Educational Personnel ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The One ◽  
Distinguishing Character

Abstrak: This article discusses the problems faced by the majority of students MPI FTIK IAIN Purwokerto. On the one hand, there is the desire of MPI students to become educators, and on the other hand according to the Department, they are oriented to become educational personnel. The study focused on curriculum content and policy of MPI Department of FTIK IAIN Purwokerto. With the method of unstructured in-depth interview, documentation, moderate participant observation and data analysis, it is found that the orientation of MPI Department is based on the vision, the mission stated in the profession to be achieved that is the main profession and the alternative profession. To support the orientation of the Department of MPI, the scientific core of MPI in the curriculum of the Department which becomes its distinguishing character is related to the science MPI contained in the MPI 001 to MPI 025 course code. The way of Department in socializing the orientation of the Department as well as construct the orientation of students to fit the orientation of the Department is through Introduction Academic Orientation activities, provision of Academic Guidebook, Maximization of Role of PA, Prodi, HMPS / HMJ, MPI Department profile viewing on IAIN Purwokerto website.ملخص: درس هذا المقال المشاكل التي يواجهها طلاب قسم إدارة التربية الإسلامية في كلية التربية والعلومالتعليمية بالجامعة الإسلامية الحكومية فورووكيرتو. ثمة إرادة من طلاب هذا القسم لأن يكونوا مدرّسين ،وفي جانب آخر أن يكونوا موظفّين تربويين. تُركزُ الدراسة في محتوى المنهج وقرارات كلية التربية والعلومالتعليمية في هذه الجامعة. تجمع البيانات عن طريق المقابلة غير التركيبية، والوثائق المكتوبة، والملاحظةبشبه المشاركة، وبعد التحليل حصل الباحث على نتائج البحث هي أن اتّاه قسم إدارة التربية الإسلاميةمناسب برؤيته ورسالته المتمثّلتان في المهنة التي حاول الطلاب الحصول عليها، هي المهنة الأساسية والمهنةالاختيارية. ولدعم اتجاه القسم، فإن فئة العلوم لهذا القسم في المنهج التميّزى هي العلوم المتعلقة بإدارة التربيةوالطريقة التى اتّذها . MPI 0025 – MPI الإسلامية وهي مكتوبة في رموز المواد الدراسية من 001القسم للتعريف بهذا الاتجاه وفي نفس الوقت تكوين اتجاه الطلاب ليكون اتجاههم مناسبا باتجاه القسم،هي عن طريق التعريف الأكاديميّ، توزيع كتاب الإرشاد الأكاديمي، تعزيز وتقوية دور المشرف الأكاديمي من قبل المحاضرين، والقسم، ومنظّمات الطلبة في القسم والكلية، والتعريف بقسم إدارة التربية الإسلاميةعن طريق الموقع للجامعة الإسلامية الحكومية فورووكيرتو في الانترنت.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Trusting in Translation Project Management: Leaps of Faith and Balancing Acts

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeve Olohan ◽  
Elena Davitti
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
The One ◽  
Translator Education

This paper examines the work of project managers in two UK-based translation companies. Drawing on participant observation, interviews, and artifacts from field sites, our analysis focuses on the ways in which trust is developed and maintained in the relationships that project managers build, on the one hand, with the clients who commission them to undertake translation projects, and, on the other, with freelance translators who perform the translation work. The project manager’s ability both to confer and to instill trust is highlighted as key to the successful operation of the company. Conceptualizing trust as a dynamic process, we consider what this process of trusting entails in this context: positive expectations vis-à-vis the other parties; willingness to expose oneself to vulnerabilities; construction of bases for suspending doubts and uncertainties (leaps of faith). We observe the important role of communication and discursive strategies in building and maintaining trust and draw conclusions for translator education.

scholarly journals Public interest vs. strategies of individual actors in urban and spatial planning

Sociologija ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Vujosevic ◽  
Ksenija Petovar
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
The One

Here a preliminary hypothesis is used, viz., that the concept of "postsocialist" public interests is disputed in each and every aspect, implicating that a new theoretical and heuristic framework is needed for urban planning. This framework ought to be developed in a way to render it acceptable as a common denominator for the majority of urban actors, on the one hand, and to help balance individual (partial) and collective interests in the preparation and implementation of planning decisions at various planning levels, on the other. Under the current conditions of transition, there are very few elements that could in advance and with certainty be ascertained of public or general interest. The quality and societal relevance of planning decisions would basically depend on the quality of planning communication and interaction, also being relevant for the developing of a public interest. In the contribution, it is particularly emphasized that, following the collapse of the former ("socialist") public interests, the very legitimacy of planning is endangered as well. We direct attention to a number of new approaches, with a view to make use of their respective rational, productive, emancipatory and modernizing potential. Here, it is almost the last "resort" for one to insist on the publicity and public control in planning decision-making, especially in terms of the role of laymen - versus the more powerful and influential stakeholders - as the key direction in developing of new modes of planning. In this context, of crucial importance is to develop a new theoretical articulation of the concept of "postsocialist" public interests, as this concept is constituent for developing democratic planning during the transition period. The key aspect here pertains to balancing a large number of emerging and legitimate individual interest vis-?-vis public (collective, common, and similar) interests. This also applies to developing new institutional and organization arrangements and support that are needed, to direct the "societal game" of individual interests to collective public purposes. Particularly, effective arrangements of the kind are needed to prevent the "game" ends in destructive outcome, in the first place for the already well established public interests that will predictably keep such status.

You Are the One I Want to Communicate With!

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pierucci ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Bias ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Shared Reality Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Study Participants

This article investigates the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect ( Higgins & Rholes, 1978 ). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to “get along” with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall.

The Formation of Intermediate Product I in a Purified System The Role of Factor IX or of its Precursor and of a Hageman Factor-PTA Fraction

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T Yin ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

Summary1. The role of two clot promoting fractions isolated from either plasma or serum is studied in a purified system for the generation of intermediate product I in which the serum is replaced by factor X and the investigated fractions.2. Optimal generation of intermediate product I is possible in the purified system utilizing fractions devoid of factor IX one-stage activity. Prothrombin and thrombin are not necessary in this system.3. The fraction containing factor IX or its precursor, no measurable activity by the one-stage assay method, controls the yield of intermediate product I. No similar fraction can be isolated from haemophilia B plasma or serum.4. The Hageman factor — PTA fraction shortens the lag phase of intermediate product I formation and has no influence on the yield. This fraction can also be prepared from haemophilia B plasma or serum.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

THE ROLE OF ANTHROPONYMS IN THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF ARTISTIC WORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Lidiya Derbenyova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Horizon Of Expectations

The article explores the role of antropoetonyms in the reader’s “horizon of expectation” formation. As a kind of “text in the text”, antropoetonyms are concentrating a large amount of information on a minor part of the text, reflecting the main theme of the work. As a “text” this class of poetonyms performs a number of functions: transmission and storage of information, generation of new meanings, the function of “cultural memory”, which explains the readers’ “horizon of expectations”. In analyzing the context of the literary work we should consider the function of antropoetonyms in vertical context (the link between artistic and other texts, and the groundwork system of culture), as well as in the context of the horizontal one (times’ connection realized in the communication chain from the word to the text; the author’s intention). In this aspect, the role of antropoetonyms in the structure of the literary text is extremely significant because antropoetonyms convey an associative nature, generating a complex mechanism of allusions. It’s an open fact that they always transmit information about the preceding text and suggest a double decoding. On the one hand, the recipient decodes this information, on the other – accepts this as a sort of hidden, “secret” sense.

Public Procurement Principles Generated by the Treaty of Rome

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Ioan-Gabriel Popa
Keyword(s):  
European Economic Community ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
European Directives ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
General Principles Of Law ◽  
Free Movement Of Goods ◽  
The One

AbstractIn order to understand the principles of public procurement in Romania, it is necessary to analyze, on the one hand, the European directives that regulate the actual public procurement and, on the other hand, the context in which the European directives were adopted. Even with the directives in force, the more general provisions contained in the Treaty of the European Economic Community (EEC) in Rome, hereinafter referred to as the Treaty, are applied, as well as many more general principles of law that will guide the interpretation of these directives. The Treaty was adopted in Rome, in 1957 and became applicable from January 1, 1958. It is considered that the source of the principles of public procurement is the Treaty. Even if in Treaty contained no specific provisions regarding the field of public procurement, it reflects the principles and the general framework for the functioning of the single market, a market characterized through the prism of the fundamental freedoms established by the Treaty: the free movement of goods, services, capital and persons. As the field of public procurement is closely linked to the free movement of goods, this principle is promoted and implemented in the practice of this field based on the regulations, directives and decisions of the Community institutions. The role of the free movement of goods is to harmonize the relationships involved in the process of purchasing goods, but also to ensure the homogeneity, coherence and balance of this process.

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