scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Vitamin C on Aspergillus parasiticus Growth and Aflatoxin Gene Expression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Akbari Dana ◽  
Sasan Rezaie ◽  
Parivash Kordbacheh ◽  
Roshanak Daei Ghazvini ◽  
Maryam Moazeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Expression Level

Abstract Objective: Aflatoxin is known as one of the most important mycotoxins that threatens of human life. The toxin is produced by Aspergillus species which are common cause of contamination of agricultural products. For this reason, the use of organic compounds has always been considered in order to inhibit the growth of fungi and production of toxin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C on the growth rate of fungi and the level of aflR gene expression (gene responsible for aflatoxin production). Material and method: At first, Aspergillus parasiticus ATCC15517 was cultured in SDA medium containing vitamin C with concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.1 mg / ml at 28 ° C for 72 hours. Then, the amount of aflatoxin produced in the presence of vitamin C was measured by HPLC method. Finally, by extracting the DNA of cultured samples, the aflR gene expression level was evaluated by real-time PCR at different concentrations of vitamin C. Result: The results showed that the deformation of mycelium was started in medium with 50 mg / ml of vitamin C and only fungal spores were observed at higher concentrations. The results of measurement of toxin showed that the level of total aflatoxin and the subset of B 1, B 2, G 1 and G 2 were 5.9, 1.9, 0.2, 3.5 and 0.3 ppm in the presence of vitamin, respectively. While without the presence of vitamin C, these values were 207.5, 73.6, 4.5, 123.4, 6 ppm, respectively. Measuring the expression level of aflR genes, showed that at a concentration of 25 mg / ml of vitamin C, the level of gene expression is down 68%, and at the concentration of 50 mg / ml, the level of gene expression is decreased up to 81%. Conclusion: This study showed that vitamin C, as a human-compatible compound, could be considered as a good way to keep agricultural products from fungal aflatoxin.

scholarly journals miR-539 mediates osteoblast mineralization by regulating Distal-less genes 2 in MC3T3-E1 cell line

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Han ◽  
Li Su ◽  
Chunyang Zhang ◽  
Rongcai Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Matrix Mineralization ◽  
Marker Gene Expression

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in osteoblast differentiation. However, the mechanisms of miRNAs regulating osteoblast mineralization still needs to be further cleared. Distal-less genes 2 (Dlx2) plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation. We have found that miR-539 was significantly downregulated and Dlx2 was found to be inversely correlated with miR-539 in MC3T3-E1 cell line during osteoblast mineralization. The overexpression of miR-539 significantly decreased the expression level of Dlx2 and suppressed the osteogenic marker gene expression level, alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization. Our study showed that miR-539 was a negative regulator in osteoblast mineralization and that the targeting of Dlx2 gene partly contributes to this inhibitory effect exerted by miR-539.

The effect of royal jelly and propolis alone and in combination on inhibition of Aspergillus parasiticus growth, aflatoxin production, and aflR gene expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavash Hamzeh Pour ◽  
Sadegh Khodavaisy ◽  
Shahram Mahmoudi ◽  
Samira Vaziri ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production

Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus in a Medium Containing Plant Hormones, Herbicides or Insecticides

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1044-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. FARAG ◽  
M. A. EL-LEITHY ◽  
A. E. BASYONY ◽  
Z. Y. DAW
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Indol Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Herbicides

The effect of some widely used plant hormones (indol-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid), herbicides (gramoxone, stomp and treflan) and insecticides (malathion, actellic and guthion) on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production in a synthetic medium was studied. Addition of indol acetic acid to the medium increased aflatoxin production more than gibberellic acid. Treflan at 5, 10 and 20 ppm levels caused a highly significant stimulatory effect on A. parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production. In contrast, stomp at 10 and 20 ppm produced the reverse effect. Guthion, an insecticide, caused a marked decrease in fungal growth and aflatoxin production. The inhibitory effect of insecticides under study on both fungal growth and aflatoxin production in effectiveness followed the sequence: guthion>actellic>malathion. At the recommended application rate (10 ppm), with the exception of indol acetic acid and treflan, all compounds suppressed mold growth and aflatoxin production.

The inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria on aflatoxin production and expression of aflR gene in Aspergillus parasiticus

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rooholla Ghanbari ◽  
Ebrahim Molaee Aghaee ◽  
Sassan Rezaie ◽  
Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki ◽  
Mahmoud Alimohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect

scholarly journals Analysis of impact of anaerobic condition on the aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus Speare

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maneesh Department of Biotechnology, Mag Kumar ◽  
Harish Kumar ◽  
Roshan Kamal Topno ◽  
Jainendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Aflatoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Toxic Contamination ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Aflatoxins are the natural carcinogens that are the best characterized as fungal secondary metabolites. The producers that are responsible for aflatoxin biosynthesis are strongly associated in toxic contamination of essential agricultural products. Aspergillus parasiticus is an exclusive fungus that participates in causing hepatic problems in humans and cattle. These mycotoxins are greatly influenced by abiotic stresses. The fungal growth, proliferation and its toxigenicity are highly influenced by these stresses. Present study aimed to restrict the mycelial growth and to prevent aflatoxin preparation in A. parasiticus under the anoxic stress. The monosporic strains of A. parasiticus were grown in two different Erlenmeyer conical flasks containing Czapek Dox Broth and Czapek Dox Agar under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The anoxic condition was maintained using Anaero Bag System. Aflatoxin was isolated after 10 days, and quantitative estimation was done by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The experimental outcome showed that there was a drastic decrease in both the morphological growth and the aflatoxin biosynthesis of A. parasiticus in anoxic state.

scholarly journals Impact of Thyme Microcapsules on Histamine Production by Proteus bacillus in Xinjiang Smoked Horsemeat Sausage

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Honghong Yu ◽  
Yali Huang ◽  
Liliang Lu ◽  
Yuhan Liu ◽  
Zonggui Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Histidine Decarboxylase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gene Expression Level ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Histamine Concentration ◽  
Histamine Production

Here, we explored the influences of thyme microcapsules on the growth, gene expression, and histamine accumulation by Proteus bacillus isolated from smoked horsemeat sausage. RT-qPCR was employed to evaluate the gene expression level of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) cascade-associated genes. We used HPLC to monitor histamine concentration both in pure culture as well as in the processing of smoked horsemeat sausage. Results showed that histamine accumulation was suppressed by thyme microcapsule inhibitory effect on the histamine-producing bacteria and the reduction in the transcription of hdcA and hdcP genes. Besides, compared with thyme essential oil (EO), thyme microcapsules exhibited higher antibacterial activity and had a higher score for overall acceptance. Therefore, the addition of thyme microcapsules in Xinjiang smoked horsemeat sausage inhibits histamine accumulation.

scholarly journals Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains on the Growth and Aflatoxin Production Potential of Aspergillus parasiticus, and Their Ability to Bind Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleide Oliveira de Almeida Møller ◽  
Luisa Freire ◽  
Roice Eliana Rosim ◽  
Larissa Pereira Margalho ◽  
Celso Fasura Balthazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Aflatoxin B

The increased consumption of plant-based foods has intensified the concern related to mycotoxin intoxication. This study aimed to investigate the effect of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 and its production of aflatoxin (AF). The ability of the heat-killed (100°C for 1 h) LAB strains to bind aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEN) in potassium phosphate buffer (PPB) was also evaluated in vitro. Ten LAB strains were tested individually, by inoculating them simultaneously with the fungus or after incubation of the fungus for 24 or 48 h at 25°C. Double layer yeast extract sucrose (YES) agar, de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar, and YES broth were incubated for 7 days at 25°C to follow the development of the fungus. Levilactobacillus spp. 3QB398 and Levilactobacillus brevis 2QB422 strains were able to delay the growth of A. parasiticus in YES broth, even when these strains were inoculated 24 h after the fungus. The inhibitory effect of these LAB strains was confirmed by the reduction of fungus colony size, suggesting dominance of LAB by competition (a Lotka-Voltera effect). The production of AFB1 by A. parasiticus was inhibited when the fungus was inoculated simultaneously with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 3QB361 or L. plantarum 3QB350. No AFB1 was found when Levilactobacillus spp. 2QB383 was present, even when the LAB was inoculated 48 h after the fungus. In binding studies, seven inactivated LAB strains were able to promote a reduction of at least 50% the level of AFB1, OTA, and ZEN. This reduction varied depending on the pH of the PPB. In milk, however, only two inactivated LAB strains were able to reduce AFM1, with a reduction of 33 and 45% for Levilactobacillus spp. 3QB398 (Levilactobacillus spp.) and L. brevis 2QB422, respectively. Nevertheless, these results clearly indicate the potential of using LAB for mycotoxin reduction.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity and Aflatoxin Degradation of Bifidobacterium Bifidum and Lactobacillus Fermentum Against Toxigenic Aspergillus Parasiticus

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshanak Daie Ghazvini ◽  
Ebrahim Kouhsari ◽  
Ensieh Zibafar ◽  
Seyed Jamal Hashemi ◽  
Abolfazl Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Mycelial Mass ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Food and feedstuff contamination with aflatoxins (AFTs) is a serious health problem for humans and animals, especially in developing countries. The present study evaluated antifungal activities of two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against growth and aflatoxin production of toxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus. The mycelial growth inhibition rate of A. parasiticus PTCC 5286 was investigated in the presence of Bifidobacterium bifidum PTCC 1644 and Lactobacillus fermentum PTCC 1744 by the pour plate method. After seven days incubation in yeast extract sucrose broth at 30°C, the mycelial mass was weighed after drying. The inhibitory activity of LAB metabolites against aflatoxin production by A. parasiticus was evaluated using HPLC method. B. bifidum and L. fermentum significantly reduced aflatoxin production and growth rate of A. parasiticus in comparison with the controls (p≤0.05). LAB reduced total aflatoxins and B1, B2, G1 and G2 fractions by more than 99%. Moreover, LAB metabolites reduced the level of standard AFB1, B2, G1 and G2 from 88.8% to 99.8% (p≤0.05). Based on these findings, B. bifidum and L. fermentum are recommended as suitable biocontrol agents against the growth and aflatoxin production by aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species.

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