The effect of royal jelly and propolis alone and in combination on inhibition of Aspergillus parasiticus growth, aflatoxin production, and aflR gene expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavash Hamzeh Pour ◽  
Sadegh Khodavaisy ◽  
Shahram Mahmoudi ◽  
Samira Vaziri ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Vitamin C on Aspergillus parasiticus Growth and Aflatoxin Gene Expression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Akbari Dana ◽  
Sasan Rezaie ◽  
Parivash Kordbacheh ◽  
Roshanak Daei Ghazvini ◽  
Maryam Moazeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Expression Level

Abstract Objective: Aflatoxin is known as one of the most important mycotoxins that threatens of human life. The toxin is produced by Aspergillus species which are common cause of contamination of agricultural products. For this reason, the use of organic compounds has always been considered in order to inhibit the growth of fungi and production of toxin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C on the growth rate of fungi and the level of aflR gene expression (gene responsible for aflatoxin production). Material and method: At first, Aspergillus parasiticus ATCC15517 was cultured in SDA medium containing vitamin C with concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.1 mg / ml at 28 ° C for 72 hours. Then, the amount of aflatoxin produced in the presence of vitamin C was measured by HPLC method. Finally, by extracting the DNA of cultured samples, the aflR gene expression level was evaluated by real-time PCR at different concentrations of vitamin C. Result: The results showed that the deformation of mycelium was started in medium with 50 mg / ml of vitamin C and only fungal spores were observed at higher concentrations. The results of measurement of toxin showed that the level of total aflatoxin and the subset of B 1, B 2, G 1 and G 2 were 5.9, 1.9, 0.2, 3.5 and 0.3 ppm in the presence of vitamin, respectively. While without the presence of vitamin C, these values were 207.5, 73.6, 4.5, 123.4, 6 ppm, respectively. Measuring the expression level of aflR genes, showed that at a concentration of 25 mg / ml of vitamin C, the level of gene expression is down 68%, and at the concentration of 50 mg / ml, the level of gene expression is decreased up to 81%. Conclusion: This study showed that vitamin C, as a human-compatible compound, could be considered as a good way to keep agricultural products from fungal aflatoxin.

Influence of temperature and substrate conditions on the omt-1 gene expression of Aspergillus parasiticus in relation to its aflatoxin production

2013 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo ◽  
Alicia Rodríguez ◽  
Victoria Bernáldez ◽  
Juan J. Córdoba ◽  
Mar Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Influence Of Temperature

Production of Aflatoxin in Cocoa Beans

1979 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1076-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M Lenovich ◽  
W Jeffrey Hurst
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Total Aflatoxin ◽  
Substrate Variation

Abstract Aflatoxin was produced in both non-autoclaved and autoclaved Ivory Coast cocoa beans inoculated with Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 under optimum laboratory growth conditions. Total aflatoxin levels ranged from 213 to 5597 ng/g substrate. Aflatoxin was quantitated by using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Raw, non-autoclaved cocoa beans, also inoculated with aspergilli, produced 6359 ng aflatoxin/g substrate. Variation in aflatoxin production between bean varieties was observed. Total aflatoxin levels of 10,446 and 23,076 ng/g substrate were obtained on Ivory Coast beans inoculated with A. parasiticus NRRL 2999 and NRRL 3240, respectively. Aflatoxin production on Trinidad and Malaysian beans was 28 and 65 ng aflatoxin/g substrate. These data support previously reported low level natural aflatoxin contamination in cocoa.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature during Drying and Storage of Dried Figs on Growth, Gene Expression and Aflatoxin Production

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Galván ◽  
Alicia Rodríguez ◽  
Alberto Martín ◽  
Manuel Joaquín Serradilla ◽  
Ana Martínez-Dorado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Major Producer ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
And Storage

Dried fig is susceptible to infection by Aspergillus flavus, the major producer of the carcinogenic mycotoxins. This fruit may be contaminated by the fungus throughout the entire chain production, especially during natural sun-drying, post-harvest, industrial processing, storage, and fruit retailing. Correct management of such critical stages is necessary to prevent mould growth and mycotoxin accumulation, with temperature being one of the main factors associated with these problems. The effect of different temperatures (5, 16, 25, 30, and 37 °C) related to dried-fig processing on growth, one of the regulatory genes of aflatoxin pathway (aflR) and mycotoxin production by A. flavus, was assessed. Firstly, growth and aflatoxin production of 11 A. flavus strains were checked before selecting two strains (M30 and M144) for in-depth studies. Findings showed that there were enormous differences in aflatoxin amounts and related-gene expression between the two selected strains. Based on the results, mild temperatures, and changes in temperature during drying and storage of dried figs should be avoided. Drying should be conducted at temperatures >30 °C and close to 37 °C, while industry processing, storage, and retailing of dried figs are advisable to perform at refrigeration temperatures (<10 °C) to avoid mycotoxin production.

Royal jelly may improve sperm characteristics during preservation of rooster semen: Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Hadavand Mirzaei ◽  
Hamid Deldar ◽  
Zarbakht Ansari Pirsaraei ◽  
Bahram Shohreh
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Sperm Characteristics

Antioxidant enzymes stimulation in Aspergillus parasiticus by Lentinula edodes inhibits aflatoxin production

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reverberi ◽  
A. A. Fabbri ◽  
S. Zjalic ◽  
A. Ricelli ◽  
F. Punelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production

Extracts of Agave americana inhibit aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rosas-Taraco ◽  
E. Sanchez ◽  
S. García ◽  
N. Heredia ◽  
D. Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Total Aflatoxin ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Agave Americana ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Norsolorinic Acid

Toxigenic fungi invade crops prior to harvest as well as during storage and produce harmful, even carcinogenic toxins such as aflatoxins. Since consumers demand safe commodities, and due to enhanced public awareness of the dangers of many synthetic fungicides, the importance of investigating alternative, natural products to control these toxigenic fungi is clear. This study investigated the effect of aqueous extracts of Agave americana on growth, conidia and aflatoxin production. Aspergillus parasiticus strains SRRC 148, SRRC 143 (Su-1), and A. parasiticus SRRC 162, a mutant (nor-) that accumulates norsolorinic acid (NOR, an orange-coloured intermediate of the aflatoxin pathway), were first inoculated into Adye and Mateles liquid medium, then plant extracts were added, and incubated at 28 °C for 7 days. Aflatoxin and norsolorinic acid were assayed by HPLC and spectrophotometry, respectively. While the extract of A. americana stimulated growth of the studied fungi, conidiogenesis, norsolorinic acid accumulation (in the nor- mutant), and aflatoxin production were significantly affected. The reduction was produced by the extracts at concentrations higher than 5-10 mg/ml, where all types of total aflatoxin analysed (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2) were reduced from 64% to >99% in the whole culture, and a reduction of 75% of norsolorinic acid. The results of the present work indicate that extracts of A. americana may be promising safe alternatives to harmful fungicides for controlling aflatoxin contamination.

Effect of selected inhibitors on growth, pigmentation, and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus

1986 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Valcarcel ◽  
J. W. Bennett ◽  
Joanne Vitanza
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production
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