Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus in a Medium Containing Plant Hormones, Herbicides or Insecticides

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1044-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. FARAG ◽  
M. A. EL-LEITHY ◽  
A. E. BASYONY ◽  
Z. Y. DAW
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Indol Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Herbicides

The effect of some widely used plant hormones (indol-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid), herbicides (gramoxone, stomp and treflan) and insecticides (malathion, actellic and guthion) on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production in a synthetic medium was studied. Addition of indol acetic acid to the medium increased aflatoxin production more than gibberellic acid. Treflan at 5, 10 and 20 ppm levels caused a highly significant stimulatory effect on A. parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production. In contrast, stomp at 10 and 20 ppm produced the reverse effect. Guthion, an insecticide, caused a marked decrease in fungal growth and aflatoxin production. The inhibitory effect of insecticides under study on both fungal growth and aflatoxin production in effectiveness followed the sequence: guthion>actellic>malathion. At the recommended application rate (10 ppm), with the exception of indol acetic acid and treflan, all compounds suppressed mold growth and aflatoxin production.

Inhibitory effect of essential oils on growth and on aflatoxins production by Aspergillus parasiticus

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Soares ◽  
H. Morales ◽  
J. Faria ◽  
A.C. Figueiredo ◽  
L.G. Pedro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Visible Growth ◽  
Main Component

The aim of this work was to assess the inhibitory effect of essential oils on the growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus parasiticus, as well as to correlate it with the chemical composition of the essential oils. Essential oils from six aromatic species (Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus globulus, Origanum vulgare, Ruta graveolens, Salvia officinalis, Satureja montana) were characterised by gas chromatography and tested for their inhibitory effect against A. parasiticus strain MUM 92.02. Furthermore, the in vitro inhibitory effects of these essential oils on the production of aflatoxins were evaluated by HPLC. Results showed that all essential oils retarded the time for visible growth. Growth rate was affected differently depending on the essential oil. S. montana essential oil prevented growth in all cases. The essential oil of R. graveolens inhibited most of the aflatoxin production even though growth inhibition was low, while with C. citratus essential oil trace levels of aflatoxins were detected. Essential oils containing carvacrol and/or thymol (S. montana and O. vulgare) have the highest activity against fungal growth, while an essential oil (R. graveolens) containing 2-undecanone and 8-phenyl-2-octanone inhibited the synthesis of aflatoxins. Although the main component of this essential oil was 2-undecanone (91%), when pure 2-undecanone was tested, it did not inhibit aflatoxin production. Inhibition activity is probably due to the recently identified minor compound or to a synergistic effect. Essential oils seem to be a good alternative to fungicides not only because of environmental issues but also because they do not seem to enhance mycotoxin production as it has been reported for some fungicides.

Inhibitory Effect of Beta-Ionone on Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus on Peanuts1

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHENG-I WEI ◽  
HSIOUKUN TAN ◽  
SAMUEL Y. FERNANDO ◽  
NAN-JING KO
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Treatment Conditions

The volatile ketone (β-ionone showed a dose-related inhibition of fungal growth and aflatoxin production on peanuts after they were soaked in distilled water for 25 or 50 min, inoculated with spores, and incubated at 28°C for up to 2 weeks. For example, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production after 1 week of incubation was reduced to less than 11.0 and 6.7% of the control when 2.5 or 5 ml of (β-ionone/100 g of peanuts, respectively, was added to water-soaked (25 min) peanuts. For AFG1, production was reduced to 4.7 (2.5 ml) or 3.3% (5.0 ml) under the same treatment conditions. Unlike controls or those treated with less than 0.1 ml of β-ionone, peanuts treated with more than 0.25 ml of β-ionone had only sparse mycelial growth and supported only limited sporulation. The mycelia, after being transferred to fresh Mycological or Fluorescent Agar plates, still had the ability to form normal colonies and produce aflatoxins. This temporary limitation of fungal growth was also noticed for those Aspergillus cultures on Mycological Agar that had been treated with (β-ionone either by direct contact or volatile bioassay procedures. The fungus was still able to grow of Fluorescent Agar even after the infected peanuts were treated with sodium hypochlorite for 15 or 30 min, indicating that mycelial penetration into peanut tissues occurs. This may confer protection from the action of various antifungal compounds. This observtion is further supported by microscopic detection of mycelial fragments in peanut tissues.

Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 in the Presence of Acetic or Propionic Acid and at Different Initial pH Values

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
GULAM RUSUL ◽  
FATHY E. EL-GAZZAR ◽  
ELMER H. MARTH
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initial Ph

Experiments were done to determine effects of different concentrations of acetic or propionic acid in a glucose-yeast extract-salts medium with an initial pH value of 4,5 or 5.5 on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999. Amounts of aflatoxin were measured with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The maximum concentration of acetic or propionic acid that permitted growth at an initial pH of 5.5 was 1% after 7 d of incubation and 0.25% after 3 d of incubation, respectively. When the initial pH of the medium was 4.5, the maximum concentration of acetic or propionic acid that permitted growth was 0.25 or 0.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in amount of mycelial (dry weight) produced by cultures in the presence of 0.0, 0.25, 0.50 or 0.75% acetic acid. Amounts of aflatoxin B1 and G1 produced decreased with an increasing concentration of acetic acid. Increasing concentrations of propionic acid caused a decrease in the amount of mycelial dry weight and aflatoxin produced by cultures growing in the medium with an initial pH of 5.5. At an initial pH of 4.5 mycelial growth was slow and at 3 d of incubation amounts of aflatoxin B1 and G1 produced were reduced as concentrations of acetic acid increased. This also was true for propionic acid in the medium with an initial pH of 4.5. Cultures with an extended lag phase in the presence of acetic or propionic acid overcame this and then produced large amounts of aflatoxin B1 and G1 at 7 and 10 d of incubation.

The inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria on aflatoxin production and expression of aflR gene in Aspergillus parasiticus

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rooholla Ghanbari ◽  
Ebrahim Molaee Aghaee ◽  
Sassan Rezaie ◽  
Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki ◽  
Mahmoud Alimohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect

scholarly journals Analysis of impact of anaerobic condition on the aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus Speare

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maneesh Department of Biotechnology, Mag Kumar ◽  
Harish Kumar ◽  
Roshan Kamal Topno ◽  
Jainendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Aflatoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Toxic Contamination ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Aflatoxins are the natural carcinogens that are the best characterized as fungal secondary metabolites. The producers that are responsible for aflatoxin biosynthesis are strongly associated in toxic contamination of essential agricultural products. Aspergillus parasiticus is an exclusive fungus that participates in causing hepatic problems in humans and cattle. These mycotoxins are greatly influenced by abiotic stresses. The fungal growth, proliferation and its toxigenicity are highly influenced by these stresses. Present study aimed to restrict the mycelial growth and to prevent aflatoxin preparation in A. parasiticus under the anoxic stress. The monosporic strains of A. parasiticus were grown in two different Erlenmeyer conical flasks containing Czapek Dox Broth and Czapek Dox Agar under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The anoxic condition was maintained using Anaero Bag System. Aflatoxin was isolated after 10 days, and quantitative estimation was done by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The experimental outcome showed that there was a drastic decrease in both the morphological growth and the aflatoxin biosynthesis of A. parasiticus in anoxic state.

scholarly journals Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains on the Growth and Aflatoxin Production Potential of Aspergillus parasiticus, and Their Ability to Bind Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleide Oliveira de Almeida Møller ◽  
Luisa Freire ◽  
Roice Eliana Rosim ◽  
Larissa Pereira Margalho ◽  
Celso Fasura Balthazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Aflatoxin B

The increased consumption of plant-based foods has intensified the concern related to mycotoxin intoxication. This study aimed to investigate the effect of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 and its production of aflatoxin (AF). The ability of the heat-killed (100°C for 1 h) LAB strains to bind aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEN) in potassium phosphate buffer (PPB) was also evaluated in vitro. Ten LAB strains were tested individually, by inoculating them simultaneously with the fungus or after incubation of the fungus for 24 or 48 h at 25°C. Double layer yeast extract sucrose (YES) agar, de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar, and YES broth were incubated for 7 days at 25°C to follow the development of the fungus. Levilactobacillus spp. 3QB398 and Levilactobacillus brevis 2QB422 strains were able to delay the growth of A. parasiticus in YES broth, even when these strains were inoculated 24 h after the fungus. The inhibitory effect of these LAB strains was confirmed by the reduction of fungus colony size, suggesting dominance of LAB by competition (a Lotka-Voltera effect). The production of AFB1 by A. parasiticus was inhibited when the fungus was inoculated simultaneously with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 3QB361 or L. plantarum 3QB350. No AFB1 was found when Levilactobacillus spp. 2QB383 was present, even when the LAB was inoculated 48 h after the fungus. In binding studies, seven inactivated LAB strains were able to promote a reduction of at least 50% the level of AFB1, OTA, and ZEN. This reduction varied depending on the pH of the PPB. In milk, however, only two inactivated LAB strains were able to reduce AFM1, with a reduction of 33 and 45% for Levilactobacillus spp. 3QB398 (Levilactobacillus spp.) and L. brevis 2QB422, respectively. Nevertheless, these results clearly indicate the potential of using LAB for mycotoxin reduction.

Aspergillus parasiticus Growth and Aflatoxin Synthesis on Florunner Peanuts Grown in Gypsum-Supplemented Soil

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 593-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
CINDY L. C. REDING ◽  
MARK A. HARRISON ◽  
CRAIG K. KVIEN
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Five levels of gypsum supplementation (0, 550, 1100, 2200, and 4400 kg ha−1) were applied to peanut fields 35 d after planting. After the growing season, peanuts were harvested, ground, and inoculated with 1 × 107 Aspergillus parasiticus (NRRL 5139) conidia. After 14 d at 25°C, aflatoxin was extracted and quantified by thin-layer chromatography. Fungal growth was assayed using a modified chitin assay. Peanuts from gypsum-supplemented fields at each level of supplementation supported significantly less aflatoxin production when compared to control peanuts (no calcium supplementation). Results from the chitin assay showed a decrease in fungal biomass which correlated with the decreased aflatoxin synthesis.

Antifungal Activity of Chitosan and Its Preservative Effect on Low-Sugar Candied Kumquat

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAO W. FANG ◽  
CHIN F. LI ◽  
DANIEL Y. C. SHIH
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Chitosan Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Order Polynomial

The inhibitory effect of chitosan, a deacetylated form of chitin, on the growth of Aspergillus niger and the aflatoxin production of Aspergillus parasiticus was evaluated. The inhibitory effect of chitosan against A. niger was increased as the chitosan concentration was increased from 0.1 to 5.0 mg/ml (pH 5.4). At concentrations of 4.0 or 5.0 mg/ml, chitosan was less effective than potassium sorbate in inhibiting the growth of A. niger. The greatest inhibitory effect of chitosan against A. parasiticus was found at 3.0–5.0 mg/ml. In addition, chitosan could completely prevent aflatoxin production by A. parasiticus at the concentration of 4.0–5.0 mg/ml. Chitosan (2.0 and 5.0 mg/ml) induced considerable leakage of UV-absorbing and proteinaceous material of A. niger at pH 4.8. Using the response surface methodology, a second order polynomial model was derived and used to predict the number of days to obtain visible mold growth under various combinations of chitosan concentrations and °Brix in candied kumquat. The results showed that there was no significant difference in shelf-life extension of candied kumquat at chitosan concentration of 3.5–6.5 mg/ml. However, °Brix had a significant effect on shelf life. Candied kumquat with 6.0 mg/ml chitosan concentration and 61.9° Brix had a predicted mold-free shelf life of 65.3 d.

scholarly journals A Corn Trypsin Inhibitor with Antifungal Activity Inhibits Aspergillus flavus α-Amylase

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 902-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.-Y. Chen ◽  
R. L. Brown ◽  
J. S. Russin ◽  
A. R. Lax ◽  
T. E. Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Starch Metabolism ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Corn Trypsin Inhibitor

In this study, we found that the inhibition of fungal growth in potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium by the 14-kDa corn trypsin inhibitor (TI) protein, previously found to be associated with host resistance to aflatoxin production and active against various fungi, was relieved when exogenous α-amylase was added along with TI. No inhibitory effect of TI on fungal growth was observed when Aspergillus flavus was grown on a medium containing either 5% glucose or 1% gelatin as a carbon source. Further investigation found that TI not only inhibited fungal production of extracellular α-amylase when A. flavus was grown in PDB medium containing TI at 100 μg ml-1 but also reduced the enzymatic activity of A. flavus α-amylase by 27%. At a higher concentration, however, TI stimulated the production of α-amylase. The effect of TI on the production of amyloglucosidase, another enzyme involved in starch metabolism by the fungus, was quite different. It stimulated the production of this enzyme during the first 10 h at all concentrations studied. These studies suggest that the resistance of certain corn genotypes to A. flavus infection may be partially due to the ability of TI to reduce the production of extracellular fungal α-amylase and its activity, thereby limiting the availability of simple sugars for fungal growth. However, further investigation of the relationship between TI levels and fungal α-amylase expression in vivo is needed.

scholarly journals Estimation levels of Indol acetic acid (IAA) and Gibberellic acid (GA3) from dry bakery yeast Saccharomyces cereviciae

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Arwa A Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Indol Acetic Acid ◽  
Bakery Yeast

The level of endogenous free, bound and total auxin (Indol-3-acitic acid, IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) were examined in dry bakery yeast. For determination of the levels of these plant growth regulators level, used spectrophotometer. The results show that Saccharomyces cereviciae was produced IAA and GA3. IAA level was 29.86 µg/ml, 198 µg/ml at 222nm and 280nm wavelengths respectively and GA3 level was 799 µg/ml at 254nm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document