scholarly journals Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species isolated from HIV infected Patients with candisiasis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sony Paul ◽  
Iyanar Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region

Background and Purpose: Opportunistic fungal infections have been on a growingtrend since the last two decades. Among the opportunistic fungal agents, Candidaspecies, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus account for most of thelife-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. Regarding this, thepresent study aimed to investigate the molecular identification and antifungalsusceptibility pattern of Candida species isolated from HIV-infected patients.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 80 clinical samples collectedfrom HIV-infected patients with suspected candidiasis referring to Tagore MedicalCollege and Hospital, Rathinamangalam and Government Hospital of ThoracicMedicine, in Chennai, India, for 18 months (i.e., May 2016-December 2017). Phenotypicand molecular identification was accomplished using internal transcribed spacer region 1(ITS1) and ITS4 primers. The antifungal susceptibility pattern of the isolates against fourantifungal agents was also determined by both disk diffusion and broth dilution methods.Results: In the present study, the prevalence of candidiasis was obtained as 75% (n=60).Candida tropicalis was the predominant identified species. All the emerging species(i.e., Kodamaea ohmeri, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, and C. orthopsilosis) were identifiedthrough molecular identification since the phenotypic identification was inconclusive. Interms of the susceptibility pattern, 63.3% and 18.3% of the isolates were resistant tofluconazole and voriconazole, respectively. Candida albicans was also found to beresistant to amphotericin B.Conclusion: Molecular assay led to the identification of K. ohmeri, H. opuntiae, and C.orthopsilosis, which were multidrug-resistant. This study highlighted the need for theprompt and timely identification of clinical yeast isolates given the emergence of manyrare species and their capability of causing life-threatening infections and outbreaks. Inthe laboratories where molecular diagnostic methods are not available, alternativeservices of reference laboratories can be utilized as cost-effective measures. With regardto the growing prevalence of antifungal drug resistance, antifungal susceptibility testingshould be made mandatory for effective patient management.

scholarly journals An alarming rise of non-albicans Candida species and uncommon yeasts in the clinical samples; a combination of various molecular techniques for identification of etiologic agents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohireh Taei ◽  
Mostafa Chadeganipour ◽  
Rasoul Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Medical Mycology ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pcr Multiplex

Abstract Objective: Yeasts are opportunistic microorganisms can cause human fungal infection among immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to identify Candida species and uncommon yeasts obtained from clinical specimens in Kashani university hospital and Shefa Lab as a referral medical mycology laboratory, in Isfahan, Iran, by combination of various molecular techniques. Results: A total of 202 yeast strains were isolated from 341 clinical samples between February 2017 to May 2019. All clinical isolates were identified using phenotypic and molecular tests. PCR-RFLP, duplex-PCR, multiplex-PCR, and PCR-sequencing were applied for molecular identification of yeasts. The most clinical samples were obtained from urine (66.8%), nail (9.4%), bronchoalveolar lavage (5.9%), sore (4.4%), and blood (3.9%). One hundred and twenty-one Candida species were identified as non- albicans against 76 Candida albicans. Trichosporon asahii, and Pichia terricola were uncommon non- Candida yeasts isolated from urine samples. For the first time, we isolated P. terricola as etiologic agent of urinary tract infection in a pregnant female. Since non- albicans Candida species and non- Candida yeasts have various virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility profile, precise molecular identification can help us to reach to the advantageous strategies for treatment of these fungal infections.

scholarly journals Species distribution of yeasts recovered from different clinical samples Addiss Ababa,Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Seyoum Deribe ◽  
Adane Bitew ◽  
Amete Mihret
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Background Currently, fungal diseases of humans are among the most problematic illnesses is the result of an increase in opportunistic fungal infections caused by rise in the number of immune-compromised patients. Particularly, yeasts are the most common cause of fungal infections leading to a range superficial type to life-threatening invasive infections. The aim of this study is to determine species distribution of yeasts particularly of Candida species recovered from different clinical samples. Method A cross sectional study was conducted from January 01, 2018 –September 30, 2018 in Addis Ababa, Arsho laboratory. Oropharengial swabs, nail scrapings, sputum, corneal scrapings, and vaginal swabs were collected from patients with signs and symptoms of infections. Identification and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by using YST card through VITEK 2 compact system. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result A total of 209 yeasts were recovered of which 49.8% were Candida albicans, 43.1% were non-albicans candida species and 7.2% were yeasts other than Candida species. The current study, eighteen (18) different types of yeast species were identified from different clinical samples. All recognized yeast considered as a causative agent of fungal infection in previously reported data in worldwide. Conclusion C. albicans remaining the predominant species, but the emergence of non-albicans Candida and other than candida species have increased. Thus, more studies on Candida prevalence are needed throughout country.

scholarly journals Species distribution of yeasts recovered from different clinical samples Addiss Ababa,Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Seyoum Deribe ◽  
Adane Bitew ◽  
Amete Mihret
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Background Currently, fungal diseases of humans are among the most problematic illnesses is the result of an increase in opportunistic fungal infections caused by rise in the number of immune-compromised patients. Particularly, yeasts are the most common cause of fungal infections leading to a range superficial type to life-threatening invasive infections. The aim of this study is to determine species distribution of yeasts particularly of Candida species recovered from different clinical samples. Method A cross sectional study was conducted from January 01, 2018 –September 30, 2018 in Addis Ababa, Arsho laboratory. Oropharengial swabs, nail scrapings, sputum, corneal scrapings, and vaginal swabs were collected from patients with signs and symptoms of infections. Identification and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by using YST card through VITEK 2 compact system. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result A total of 209 yeasts were recovered of which 49.8% were Candida albicans, 43.1% were non-albicans candida species and 7.2% were yeasts other than Candida species. The current study, eighteen (18) different types of yeast species were identified from different clinical samples. All recognized yeast considered as a causative agent of fungal infection in previously reported data in worldwide. Conclusion C. albicans remaining the predominant species, but the emergence of non-albicans Candida and other than candida species have increased. Thus, more studies on Candida prevalence are needed throughout country.

scholarly journals Fungal Genomics in Respiratory Medicine: What, How and When?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelie P. Brackin ◽  
Sam J. Hemmings ◽  
Matthew C. Fisher ◽  
Johanna Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Fungal Genomics ◽  
Risk Of Mortality

AbstractRespiratory infections caused by fungal pathogens present a growing global health concern and are a major cause of death in immunocompromised patients. Worryingly, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome has been shown to predispose some patients to airborne fungal co-infections. These include secondary pulmonary aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Aspergillosis is most commonly caused by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and primarily treated using the triazole drug group, however in recent years, this fungus has been rapidly gaining resistance against these antifungals. This is of serious clinical concern as multi-azole resistant forms of aspergillosis have a higher risk of mortality when compared against azole-susceptible infections. With the increasing numbers of COVID-19 and other classes of immunocompromised patients, early diagnosis of fungal infections is critical to ensuring patient survival. However, time-limited diagnosis is difficult to achieve with current culture-based methods. Advances within fungal genomics have enabled molecular diagnostic methods to become a fast, reproducible, and cost-effective alternative for diagnosis of respiratory fungal pathogens and detection of antifungal resistance. Here, we describe what techniques are currently available within molecular diagnostics, how they work and when they have been used.

scholarly journals ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTINGOF CANDIDA ISOLATES FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SPECIMENS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, WESTERN RAJASTHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 809-814
Author(s):  
Sandeep Arora ◽  
◽  
Smita Kulshreshtha ◽  
Usha Verma ◽  
Prameshwar Lal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Clinical Specimens

Background: Candida spp is a member of the normal flora of the skin, mucous membrane and gastrointestinal tract. Candida continues to be leading cause of morbidity and mortality in large population of immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. Invasive Candidiasis due to non-albicans candida has been on the rise in last few years. This study aims to Spectate Candida using chromogenic medium.The emerging pathogens are resistant to conventional antifungal therapy. Objective: To identify the various species of candida isolated from different clinical specimens and to compare the susceptibility pattern of these isolated species towards different antifungal agents. Methods: All Candida isolates recovered from various clinical samples during the period from September 2017 and august 2018 were studied., These isolates were subjected to grams stain, germ tube test and inoculation on commercially available CHROM agar (HiMedia India). Results: A total of 155 Candida species were isolated from the different clinical specimens of suspected candida infection cases. Most of the isolates obtained were from urine samples 93 (60%) followed by blood 26(16.77%). Non albicans Candida were isolated at a higher rate 101 (65.16%) than Candida albicans 54 (34.84%) . Among 101 non C. albicans, C. tropicalis 55 (35.48%) was the most common species followed by 19 (12.26%) C. parapsilosis. Among all species of Candida commonest isolate was C. tropicalis 55(35.48%) followed by C. albicans 54(34.83%). Candida species from various samples were high resistant to itraconazole (72.26%) followed by fluconazole(70.92%), voriconazole (68.39%) and ketoconazole (57.42%)while there was minimum resistance to amphotericin-B (20%).This study emphasizes the need for monitoring local epidemiologic data and antifungal susceptibility pattern of candida isolates for proper treatment. Conclusions: Along with Candida albicans, non-albicans candida spp like C. tropicalis, parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. glabrata are increasingly being isolated from clinical samples. CHROM agar is a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for identification of such species. Characterization to species level helps to identify species which might be intrinsically resistant to commonly used antifungal agents.

A point-of-care diagnostic for differentiating Ebola from endemic febrile diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (471) ◽  
pp. eaat0944 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sebba ◽  
Alexander G. Lastovich ◽  
Melody Kuroda ◽  
Eric Fallows ◽  
Joshua Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
And Control

Hemorrhagic fever outbreaks such as Ebola are difficult to detect and control because of the lack of low-cost, easily deployable diagnostics and because initial clinical symptoms mimic other endemic diseases such as malaria. Current molecular diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction require trained personnel and laboratory infrastructure, hindering diagnostics at the point of need. Although rapid tests such as lateral flow can be broadly deployed, they are typically not well-suited for differentiating among multiple diseases presenting with similar symptoms. Early detection and control of Ebola outbreaks require simple, easy-to-use assays that can detect and differentiate infection with Ebola virus from other more common febrile diseases. Here, we developed and tested an immunoassay technology that uses surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tags to simultaneously detect antigens from Ebola, Lassa, and malaria within a single blood sample. Results are provided in <30 min for individual or batched samples. Using 190 clinical samples collected from the 2014 West African Ebola outbreak, along with 163 malaria positives and 233 negative controls, we demonstrated Ebola detection with 90.0% sensitivity and 97.9% specificity and malaria detection with 100.0% sensitivity and 99.6% specificity. These results, along with corresponding live virus and nonhuman primate testing of an Ebola, Lassa, and malaria 3-plex assay, indicate the potential of the SERS technology as an important tool for outbreak detection and clinical triage in low-resource settings.

scholarly journals Detection of LytA Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from sputum pneumonia patients

Biomedika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Mustika Sari Hutabarat ◽  
Firdaus Hamid ◽  
Irawaty Djaharuddin ◽  
Alfian Zainuddin ◽  
Rossana Agus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium that is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. But the lack of reporting of disease by this bacterium in Indonesia, one of the causes is because the diagnosis of pneumococcal infection is often clinically not typical and conventional methods which are still the standard gold method often give false-negative results. So the purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of culture and molecular diagnostic methods using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique in detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae in sputum clinical samples using the Autolysin (LytA) gene which is a virulence factor of this bacterium. 57 isolates from 60 samples were confirmed as Streptococcus sp through microscopic identification, culture, and biochemical tests. Then the sensitivity test with an optochin test of 9 (9%) compared the results descriptively with the PCR technique using the Autolysin A (LytA) gene which was obtained more sensitive by 15 (25%).

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