scholarly journals Differentiation of Candida albicans complex species isolated from invasive and non-invasive infections using HWP1 gene size polymorphism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kourosh Salehipour ◽  
Shima Aboutalebian ◽  
Arezoo Charsizadeh ◽  
Bahram Ahmadi ◽  
Hossein Mirhendi
Keyword(s):  
Its Sequencing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
New Members ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Size Polymorphism ◽  
Gene Size ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Candida Africana

Background and Purpose: The taxonomy of Candida is controversial and has undergone changes due to the investigation of the novel species. Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis are new members of C. albicans complex that are currently gaining both clinical and epidemiologic significance. This study reports the prevalence of C. africana among the strains isolated from patients, by using HWP1 gene size polymorphism. Materials and Methods: A total of 235 yeasts confirmed as C. albicans complex based on chromogenic media and ITS-sequencing isolated from various clinical forms of invasive and non-invasive candidiasis mainly candidemia, were re-identified based on HWP1 gene polymorphisms. The Hwp1-PCR amplicons were re-confirmed by sequencing and BLAST analysis. Results: Based on the HWP1 gene size polymorphism, 223 strains were identified as C. albicans (94.89%) from which 7 isolates produced two DNA fragments (850 and 941 bp). C. dubliniensis (n=4, 1.7%), C. africana (n=1, 0.42%) and mix of C. albicans and C. africana (n=7, 2.97%) were also identified. Conclusion: Although C. albicans remains the most common Candida species, C. dubliniensis and C. africana are rarely found among the patient isolates. Due to limited information on the molecular epidemiology of this novel yeast, more studies using molecular methods are recommended.

scholarly journals Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis as causes of pediatric candiduria: A study using HWP1 gene size polymorphism

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-279
Author(s):  
Bahram Nikmanesh ◽  
◽  
Kazem Ahmadikia ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim Getso ◽  
Sanaz Aghaei Gharehbolagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Size Polymorphism ◽  
Gene Size ◽  
Candida Africana ◽  
Em Gene

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Infections Diagnosis in Lung Transplant Recipients in Exhaled Breath Condensate

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. S63
Author(s):  
E. Ibáñez-Martínez ◽  
M. López-Nogueroles ◽  
M. Alcoriza-Balaguer ◽  
I. Pérez ◽  
M. Roca-Marugán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Lung Transplant Recipients ◽  
Breath Condensate

Bloodstream infections caused by Magnusiomyces capitatus and Magnusiomyces clavatus: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological features of two emerging yeast species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Noster ◽  
Martin Köppel ◽  
Marie Desnos-Olivier ◽  
Maria Aigner ◽  
Oliver Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Columbia Blood Agar ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Few Data

Background: Magnusiomyces clavatus and Magnusiomyces capitatus are emerging yeasts with intrinsic resistance to many commonly used antifungal agents. Identification is difficult, and determination of susceptibility patterns with commercial and reference methods is equally challenging. For this reason, few data on invasive infections by Magnusiomyces spp. are available. Objectives: To determine the epidemiology and susceptibility of Magnusiomyces isolates from bloodstream infections (BSI) isolated in Germany and Austria from 2001-2020. Methods: In seven institutions a total of 34 Magnusiomyces BSI were identified. Identification was done by ITS sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS. Antifungal susceptibility was determined by EUCAST broth microdilution and gradient tests. Results: Of the 34 isolates, M. clavatus was more common (N=24) compared to M. capitatus (N=10). BSI by Magnusiomyces spp. were more common in men (62%) and mostly occurred in patients with haemato-oncological malignancies (79%). The highest in vitro antifungal activity against M. clavatus / M. capitatus was observed for voriconazole (MIC 50 0.03/0.125 mg/L), followed by posaconazole (MIC 50 0.125/0.25 mg/L). M. clavatus isolates showed overall lower MICs compared to M. capitatus . With the exception of amphotericin B, low essential agreement between gradient test and microdilution was recorded for all antifungals (0-70%). Both species showed distinct morphologic traits on ChromAgar Orientation and Columbia blood agar, which can be used for differentiation if no MALDI-TOF or molecular identification is available. Conclusion: Most BSI were caused by M. clavatus. The lowest MICs were recorded for voriconazole. Gradient tests demonstrated unacceptably low agreement and should preferably not be used for susceptibility testing of Magnusiomyces spp.

scholarly journals Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae Carriage ‎in Six-Month-Old Infants: A Cross-sectional Study During 2017-18, Tehran, ‎Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Sayyahfar ◽  
Abdoulreza Esteghamati ◽  
Seyed Alireza Fahimzad ◽  
Safura Hajisadeghi Isfahani ◽  
Ali Nazari Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Invasive Infections

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is recognized as one of the main pathogens inducing several invasive and non-invasive infections in children. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae in six–month–old carriers. Methods: This study encompassed 600 six-month-old healthy infants whose pharyngeal swap samples were collected and then cultured to isolate S. pneumoniae. Twenty- five different serotypes were defined on positive culture samples by multiplex PCR. Results: In this study, 13 cases (2.2%) were positive S. pneumonia. The most common isolated serotypes of S. pneumoniae were serotypes 23F (n = 6, 1%) and 3 (n = 3, 0.5%), respectively. Notably, the most frequent serotype in formula-fed infants (n = 300) was Serotype 23F (n = 5, 1.7%); however, Serotype 3 (n = 3, 1%) was the most frequent one in breastfed participants (n = 300). According to the findings, the overall coverage of PCV10, PCV13, and PPSV23 on the S. pneumoniae serotypes at the age of six months was 50%, 73%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusions: At this age, the type of feeding could not significantly affect the frequency rate of S. pneumoniae colonization, while the serotype distributions in the two breastfed and formula-fed groups were different.

Non-Invasive Methods of Delamination Monitoring in Multi-Layer Structures

2012 ◽  
Vol 518 ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Iwaniec ◽  
Marek Iwaniec
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Critical Condition ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Adhesive Force ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Delamination Detection ◽  
Layer Structures

In the paper there are discussed the most interesting methods dedicated to frescos structural health monitoring. In the further part two methods and devices for fresco delamination detection developed by authors are presented. In order to enable future automation of developed measurement techniques and autonomic detection of fresco structural defects, the novel measures quantifying the probability of critical condition appearance (the lack of adhesive force) were introduced. Finally, the results of measurements of dynamic characteristics of healthy and delaminated structures are presented.

Fungal diseases of the ear, nose, and throat

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunaloke Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Laryngeal Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Chronic Invasive ◽  
Nose And Throat

Fungal infection of the ear (otomycosis), nose (fungal rhinosinusitis), and throat (oropharyngeal candidiasis) are common diseases. Fungal laryngeal diseases and invasive otomycosis & acute fungal rhinosinusitis are much less common and occur in immunosuppressed hosts, including those with diabetes. Aspergillus and Candida spp. are the commonest causes of otomycosis, whilst Aspergillus spp. predominate in sinus disease, with members of the Mucorales also causing serious invasive infections. Management of the non-invasive conditions can be difficult, and otomycosis and rhinosinusitis often become chronic. Invasive disease usually requires surgical intervention along with appropriate antifungal therapy. Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis has a mortality of approximately 50%.

scholarly journals Behavioral and Physiological Differences between Working Horses and Chilean Rodeo Horses in a Handling Test

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Rosselot ◽  
Tiago Mendonça ◽  
Igor González ◽  
Tamara Tadich
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Monitor System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Variability Data ◽  
Selection Of

Non-invasive measures are preferred when assessing animal welfare. Differences in behavioral and physiological responses toward a stressor could be the result of the selection of horses for specific uses. Behavioral and physiological responses of working and Chilean rodeo horses subjected to a handling test were assessed. Five behaviors, number of attempts, and the time to cross a bridge were video recorded and analyzed with the Observer XT software. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), to assess the physiological response to the novel stimulus, were registered with a Polar Equine V800 heart rate monitor system during rest and the bridge test. Heart rate variability data were obtained with the Kubios software. Differences between working and Chilean rodeo horses were assessed, and within-group differences between rest and the test were also analyzed. Chilean rodeo horses presented more proactive behaviors and required significantly more attempts to cross the bridge than working horses. Physiologically, Chilean rodeo horses presented lower variability of the heart rate than working horses.

scholarly journals Large potassium shifts during dialysis enhance cardiac repolarization instability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Schüttler ◽  
Ulf Schönermarck ◽  
Felix Wenner ◽  
Marcell Toepfer ◽  
Konstantinos D. Rizas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fluid Removal ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Present Pilot Study ◽  
Malignant Arrhythmias

Abstract Background Patients with end-stage kidney disease are at high risk for the development of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). This has been especially attributed to large potassium shifts during hemodialysis (HD), and malignant arrhythmias are closely linked to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of methods for risk stratification in these patients. Methods In the present pilot study we investigated changes of the novel ECG-based biomarker periodic repolarization dynamics (PRD) mirroring the effect of efferent sympathetic nervous activity on the ventricular myocardium in 18 patients undergoing routine hemodialysis. High-resolution ECGs were recorded throughout the dialysis and PRD values were calculated out of 30 min intervals at the start and the end of dialysis. Results We detected a clear correlation between the intradialytic potassium shift and the increase in PRD levels (Spearman correlation coefficient R = 0.62, p = 0.006). Patients with a potassium shift > 1 mmol/l showed significantly increased levels of PRD at the end of dialysis when compared to patients with potassium shifts ≤ 1.0 mmol/l [delta PRD 2.82 (IQR 2.13) vs. − 2.08 (IQR 3.60), p = 0.006]. Spearman analysis showed no significant correlation between PRD changes and fluid removal (R = − 0.23, p = 0.36). Conclusions We provide evidence that large potassium shifts during HD enhance sympathetic activity-associated repolarization instability. This could facilitate the occurrence of malignant arrhythmias, and PRD measurements might serve as a non-invasive monitoring tool in HD patients in future.

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