scholarly journals DRESS Syndrome Associated with Carbamazepine: A Case Report

Author(s):  
Jessica Magali Herrera Abarca ◽  
Angel Javier Peñafiel Chávez ◽  
Anthony Alfonso Naranjo Coronel ◽  
Mauricio Tomás Rivas Contreras

DRESS Syndrome is a severe toxicity. Considered a rare, serious and multi-organ reaction, frequently associated with antiepileptic drugs (phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine). The objective of this article is to describe the clinical characteristics, complementary tests, their diagnosis, evolution and treatment. We present a 31‐year‐old patient who is admitted to the Clinic Service of the SOLCA Hospital in Riobamba with a history of sporadic seizures with no apparent cause treated with carbamazepine and lamotrigine. DRESS syndrome presents a clinical triad of fever, rash, and multi-organ disorder). DRESS syndrome begins late, slowly evolves and clinically similar to infectious processes, which is why it is frequently misdiagnosed. Its incidence is very low in individuals exposed to various medications. The correct diagnosis is difficult especially in professionals not trained in the skin specialty. A misdiagnosis or delay in it increases mortality by up to 30%. The fundamental basis in the treatment of DRESS syndrome is to immediately withdraw the triggering drug and use systemic corticosteroid pulses, which will undoubtedly save the patient's life. It is concluded that DRESS Syndrome can be fatal, so an early diagnosis is important. Due to its classic clinical triad of fever, rash and multi-organ involvement, there is difficulty in its diagnosis, especially when there is no evaluation by a skin specialist. However, once correctly diagnosed, it has a satisfactory evolution. Keywords: DRESS syndrome, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, rash, multiorgan involvement. RESUMEN El Síndrome de DRESS una toxicodermia grave. Considerada como una reacción rara, grave y compromete a varios órganos, asociada frecuentemente a medicamentos antiepilépticos (fenitoína, carbamazepina, lamotrigina). El objetivo de este artículo es describir las características clínicas, exámenes complementarios, su diagnóstico, evolución y tratamiento. Presentamos una paciente de 31 años que es ingresada al Servicio de Clínica del Hospital SOLCA de Riobamba con antecedentes de crisis convulsivas esporádicas sin causa aparente tratada con carbamazepina y lamotrigina. El síndrome de DRESS presenta una triada clínica de fiebre, exantema y alteración multiorgánica). El síndrome de DRESS inicia tardíamente, de evolución lenta y clínicamente similar a procesos infecciosos, por lo que frecuentemente es mal diagnosticado. Su incidencia es muy baja en individuos expuestos a diversos medicamentos. El diagnóstico acertado es difícil sobre todo en profesionales no entrenados en la especialidad de piel. Un mal diagnóstico o dilación del mismo aumenta la mortalidad de hasta un 30%. La base fundamental en el tratamiento del síndrome DRESS es retirar inmediatamente el medicamento desencadenante y usar pulsos de corticoide sistémico, salvara la vida del paciente sin duda. Se concluye que el Síndrome de DRESS puede ser mortal, por lo que es importante un diagnóstico temprano. A través de su triada clínica clásica de fiebre, exantema y afectación multiorgánica, existe dificultad en su diagnóstico sobre todo cuando no hay la valoración de un especialista en piel. Sin embargo, una vez diagnosticada correctamente, tiene una evolución satisfactoria. Palabras clave: síndrome de DRESS, carbamazepina, lamotrigina, exantema, afectación multiorgánica.

Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Lataliza COSTA ◽  
Ana Luísa Machado BATISTA ◽  
Sara Ferreira dos Santos COSTA ◽  
Juliana Vilela BASTOS ◽  
Roselaine Moreira Coelho MILAGRES ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Exostoses or hyperostoses are benign bony outgrowths originating from the cortical bone and depend on their location for a more precise designation. The most common types found in the oral cavity are the torus palatinus and the torus mandibularis. Buccal and palatal exostoses are located along the buccal aspect of the maxilla and/or the mandible (commonly in the premolar and molar areas) and on the palatal aspect of the maxilla (usually in the tuberosity area), respectively. The etiology of exostoses still hasn’t been enlightened but an interaction between environmental and genetic factors is accredited. They are usually asymptomatic, unless the mucosa becomes ulcerated. The frequency of exostoses increases with age, having their biggest prevalence from 60 years old, being more common in men and suffering ethnic influences. A thorough evaluation is important for the correct diagnosis since other lesions have similar clinical characteristics to the exostoses such as osteomas. The majority of exostoses are diagnosed clinically along with radiographic interpretations, making the biopsy dispensable and the treatment is usually unnecessary. The aim of this article was to describe a case report of bilateral maxillary exostosis, unusual, in a female patient. If an excessive amount of bone is present the exostoses may exhibit a relative radiopacity on dental radiographs. Initially, periapical and panoramic radiographs were performed to evaluate the alterations. Due to the size of the exostoses a concomitant Cone Beam Computed Tomography was performed to confirm the diagnosis. The patient is in follow-up.


2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salomão Israel Monteiro Lourenço Queiroz ◽  
Gleysson Matias de Assis ◽  
Valéria Damasceno Silvestre ◽  
Adriano Rocha Germano ◽  
José Sandro Pereira da Silva

Hemangiomas are benign neoplasms that are common in the head and neck, but relatively rare in the oral cavity. They can cause esthetic and functional impairment, depending on location. The most common site is the upper lip, but they can occur in other areas, such as the tongue, buccal mucosa and palate. Treatment is primarily dependent on correct diagnosis of the lesion and on its anatomic location. The purpose of this article is to provide a description of a case of a hemangioma on the upper lip, treated by therapeutic sclerosis with monoethanolamine oleate (Ethamolin®), covering clinical characteristics and methods for diagnosing these lesions. Precise diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic management resulted in satisfactory esthetic and functional results, with total regression of the lesion and no signs of relapse at 1-year follow-up.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
ShengNan Wang ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
JianJun Dong ◽  
Lin Liao

Aims Heterozygous inactivating mutations in the GCK gene cause the familial, mild fasting hyperglycaemia named MODY2. Many patients with MODY2 in Asia have delayed timely treatment because they did not receive the correct diagnosis. This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics and GCK mutations in Asian MODY2. Methods We have collected 110 Asian patients with MODY2 from the PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang with the following search terms: ‘maturity-onset diabetes of the young’ OR ‘MODY’ OR ‘maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2’ OR ‘MODY2’ OR ‘GCK-DM’ OR ‘GCK-MODY’. Both mutations of GCK and clinical characteristics of MODY2 were analyzed. Results There were 96 different mutations that occurred in coding regions and non-coding regions. Exon 5 and 7 were the most common location in coding regions and missense was the primary mutation type. The proportion of probands younger than 25 was 81.8%, and 81.4% of the probands had family history of hyperglycaemia. Ninety percent and 93% of Asian MODY2 probands exhibited mild elevation in FPG (5.4–8.3 mmol/L) and HbA1c (5.6–7.6%), respectively. Conclusions In most Asian patients, MODY2 occurred due to GCK mutation in coding regions, and exon 5 and 7 were the most common locations. FPG, HbA1c, and familial diabetes were important reference indicators for diagnosing MODY2. Altogether, the study indicates that for the young onset of diabetes with mild elevated blood glucose and HbA1c and family history of hyperglycaemia, molecular genetic testing is suggested in order to differentiate MODY2 from other types of diabetes earlier.


Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Chien-Heng Lin ◽  
Sheng-Shing Lin ◽  
Syuan-Yu Hong ◽  
Chieh-Ho Chen ◽  
I-Ching Chou

Lamotrigine is an important anticonvulsant drug. Its use, however, has been limited by the risk of potentially life-threatening dermatological reactions, such as a drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Here, we report the case of a 7-year-6-month-old girl with a history of epilepsy who developed a skin rash with dyspnoea after 2 weeks of lamotrigine treatment, with DRESS ultimately being diagnosed. After discontinuation of the offending drug and the initiation of systemic glucocorticosteroids, the DRESS symptoms were relieved and the patient was discharged in a stable condition. Anticonvulsant drugs such as lamotrigine are among the factors that induce DRESS in children. When a patient displays skin rash and systemic organ involvement following the initiation of an anticonvulsant drug, DRESS should not be overlooked as a diagnosis, and immunosuppressant drugs should be considered as an option for treating DRESS patients.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Giada Garufi ◽  
S Cardali ◽  
Giada Garufi ◽  
G Ricciardo

Sclerosing meningioma is a rare histological variant of meningioma, first described in the literature by Davidson and Hope in 1989 as an invasive bulking mass consisted of whorling collagen bundles with a minimum percentage of meningothelial resembling cells [1]. The literature showed very rare cases of the intramedullary location of sclerosing meningiomas: in our opinion, it is mandatory to describe its clinical, surgical, histological and immunohistochemical features in order to reach the best final outcome. Sclerosing meningiomas are often misdiagnosed because of their invasive behaviour: it does require a correct diagnosis in order to prevent unnecessary postoperative treatment. Literature reports only 30 cases of sclerosing meningiomas and only 2 of them are intramedullary. We present the case of a cervical intramedullary sclerosing meningioma presenting with gait disturbances, sensory deficits, four extremities weakness and hypereflexia in a patient with the history of meningiomatosis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e242162
Author(s):  
Brendan Stagg ◽  
Anna Simpson ◽  
Shireen Sidhu

A 51-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of painful ulcers in the mouth and vulva, and painful vegetative plaques at intertriginous sites. Skin biopsies showed squamous hyperplasia and intraepidermal eosinophilic pustulation. Skin direct immunofluorescence (DIF) revealed intercellular deposition of IgG and C3 in the lower part of the epidermis, while serum indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) confirmed the presence of antiepithelial antibodies. The patient was diagnosed with pemphigus vegetans, and successfully treated with dapsone, prednisolone and topical steroids. Although pemphigus vegetans and pyostomatitis-pyodermatitis vegetans can show identical clinical and histological features, the presence or absence of comorbid inflammatory bowel disease, and the results of both skin DIF and serum IIF can be used to distinguish between these two conditions. This case report explores the challenges in making this distinction, and the implications of establishing the correct diagnosis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052092571
Author(s):  
Xiang-Yu Chu ◽  
Yong Cui ◽  
Zhi Gao

Ligamentum arteriosum calcification is the calcification or ossification of arterial ligaments. However, on computed tomography images, ligamentum arteriosum calcification is often mistaken for esophageal perforation when a patient has a medical history of foreign body ingestion. Ligamentum arteriosum calcification is uncommon in clinical practice. In this case report, we confirm the presence of this condition intraoperatively, which has seldom been reported previously. Increased awareness of the clinical characteristics of this uncommon disease can help thoracic surgeons with proper patient management.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrto Cheila ◽  
Ali Elrashid ◽  
Nicola Erb ◽  
Karen Douglas ◽  
Christos Koutsianas

Abstract Case report - Introduction There is limited evidence on the outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases. Since severe COVID-19 is characterised by hyperinflammation, the effects of a pre-existing inflammatory state and immunomodulatory treatments on the disease’s course are of great interest. Even though patients in this group are perceived of being at higher risk for severe disease, most of the relevant observational studies have had controversial results. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with a history of rheumatic disease and COVID-19 related admission in our centre. Case report - Case description We conducted a retrospective observational study of COVID-19 RT-PCR positive admissions of patients coded as having rheumatic disease in the Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust between April 1st and June 24th, 2020. Data were extracted from the patient clinical notes and electronic medical records and were captured and analysed on MS Excel. Among 613 COVID-19 related admissions, 19 (3.1%) patients were coded as having comorbid rheumatic disease. 8 cases were excluded from further analysis as, upon records review, they had osteoarthritis or a history of gout. Thus, the true incidence of comorbid rheumatic disease among COVID-19 related hospitalisations was even lower at 11/613 (1.8%). The mean age of the patients was 80.5 ± 8.06 years, 9/11 (81.8%) were female and 8/11 (73%) were Caucasian. In the vast majority the diagnosis was that of Rheumatoid Arthritis (9/11, 81.8%), while one patient had Polymyalgia Rheumatica and another Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Only a quarter of the patients had moderate (2, 18%) or high (1, 9%) disease activity on their most recent outpatient visit. In terms of antirheumatic medication, 5 (45%) patients were on regular Prednisolone (20% <5mg, 80% 5-10mg), 8 (72%) were on cs DMARDs and only 1 (9%) on bDMARDs. A substantial proportion of the patient cohort also suffered with other comorbidities. 8/11 (72.7%) patients had arterial hypertension, 5 (45.4%) had a history of cardiovascular disease, 3 (27.3%) obesity (BMI 30+), 3 (27.3%) previous history of cancer, 2 (18.2%) COPD, 2 (18.2%) CKD, 1 (9%) Interstitial lung disease, 1 (9%) Diabetes, 1 (9%) Cerebrovascular disease and 1 (9%) immunodeficiency. During their admission, 7 (63.6%) patients required supplemental oxygen therapy. Unfortunately, 5/11 (45.5%) patients had a fatal outcome. Case report - Discussion In our cohort, the percentage of patients with rheumatic diseases among inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 infection was low (∼1.8%). Potential explanations for this observation could be a beneficial effect of concomitant antirheumatic treatment (steroids and/or DMARDs) in controlling hyperinflammation, but also rheumatic disease patients’ increased risk awareness and thus increased compliance with viral spread mitigation measures (‘shielding’) as per Government guidelines. We also note the low rate of biologic DMARD use with only 1 (9%) inpatient having received Rituximab for RA. Case report - Key learning points The incidence of rheumatic disease among COVID-19 related admissions in our centre was exceptionally low. Per recently published reports from worldwide registries, older age and multiple comorbidities appear to drive the risk for hospitalisation, need for oxygen supplementation and fatal outcome. Better understanding of the effect of DMARDs on COVID-19 severity requires further investigation, perhaps with SARS-CoV-2 antibody studies, but our observations appear to be reassuring.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Pitre ◽  
Jasmine Mah ◽  
Jaclyn Vertes ◽  
Barna Tugwell

Abstract Background Acute gastric dilatation (AGD) leading to gastric necrosis and perforation has been reported to be a rare but fatal complication in young patients with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa. Case presentation We report a case of a Canadian female patient presenting with mild abdominal pain, with a history of anorexia nervosa, the binge/purge subtype, who was found to have severe acute gastric dilatation on subsequent computed tomography imaging. Her clinical course was uncomplicated after gastric decompression. The cause of her AGD was thought to be secondary to dysmotility disorder caused by her anorexia nervosa. Conclusion Our case report demonstrates the importance of clinical identification of AGD and subsequent diagnosis and management. Because of the urgency to rule out obstruction or perforation through consultation or additional imaging modalities, recognition and correct diagnosis of this condition is necessary for appropriate patient management. In addition, our case report adds to an underreported but important complication of anorexia nervosa.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 22510212085
Author(s):  
Leonardo Alan Delanora ◽  
Ana Maira Pereira Baggio ◽  
Nathália Januario de Araujo ◽  
Idelmo Rangel Garcia-Junior ◽  
Sabrina Ferreira

Cherubism is described as a rare and benign hereditary bone disease, characterized by a bilateral volumetric increase in the maxillary bones, with a greater predilection for males in childhood. Clinically, it presents as a volumetric enlargement of the mandible and, maxilla, which is generally painless, firm on palpation and varies in relation to size and extension. Its differential diagnosis is the Brown Tumor of Hyperparathyroidism and the Central Lesion of Giant Cells. The diagnosis is based on the assessment of clinical characteristics together with complementary exams. The objective of this study was to carry out a brief review of the literature and report a clinical case of this pathology in a 9-year-old child with a family history of cherubism, assessed through imaging, histopathological and karyotype exams, which continues to be assisted by the oral and maxilofacial surgery team of the Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba - FOA Unesp since the treatment of the cherubism still does not have a definitive protocol.


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