scholarly journals Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Children Hospitalized in Mashhad, Northeastern Iran: A Twenty-Year Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Aliakbar SHAMSIAN ◽  
Abdolmajid FATA ◽  
Reza ALINEZHAD ◽  
Mehdi MOHEBALI ◽  
Fatemeh SADABADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Endemic Focus ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
The Mean

Background: Over the last decade, a few cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been reported in some provinces of northeastern Iran. We aimed to investigate clinical and laboratory findings of VL among children who admitted to the pediatric ward in a referral hospital in Mashhad, northeastern Iran. Methods: A retrospective study, between 1997 and 2017, was performed on the data sheet registered for children with confirmed VL at the referral Emam Reza Hospital in Mashhad. Hematological and biochemical profiles of the patients were analyzed. Results: Thirty-five children with VL, confirmed by the presence of amastigotes of Leishmania in Giemsa stained smears of the bone marrow, had been recorded through 20 yr. The mean age of patients was 3.7±4 yr. The majority of the patients suffered from hepatosplenomegaly (100%, n=35/35), followed by prolonged fever and pallor (91%, n=32/35), weight loss (85%, n=30/35). The main laboratory findings were anemia (94.1%), leukopenia (52.9%) and thrombocytopenia (70.5%). Almost one-third (37.1%; 13/35) of VL patients inhabited in rural areas of the Bojnoord district as a known VL endemic focus in northeastern Iran. Conclusion: Our preliminary data showed that the origin of VL is still in some districts other than Mashhad, where VL just will be diagnosed.

scholarly journals Paediatric visceral leishmaniasis: a retrospective study on clinical manifestations, demographic features and laboratory findings of hospitalised cases in Iran between 2006 and 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manijeh Nourian ◽  
Aliehsan Heidari ◽  
Saleheh Tajali ◽  
Erfan Ghasemi ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Features

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected disease. Our retrospective study describes 38 clinical and epidemiological characteristics of VL in patients admitted to a paediatric hospital in Tehran, Iran, who came from different geographical regions, indicating that the disease has spread to most parts of the country. Some 76.3% of the children documented suffered with symptoms of the disease for two months before admission.

scholarly journals QBC® for the diagnosis of human and canine american visceral leishmaniasis: preliminary data

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Liarte ◽  
Ivete L. Mendonça ◽  
Francisco C.O. Luz ◽  
Elza A.S. de Abreu ◽  
Gustavo W.S. Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
Fluorescent Method

"Quantitative Buffy Coat" (QBC®) is a direct and fast fluorescent method used for the identification of blood parasites. Since Leishmania chagasi circulates in blood, we decided to test it in American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). Bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) of 49 persons and PB of 31 dogs were analyzed. QBC® was positive in BM of 11/11 patients with AVL and in 1/6 patients with other diseases. Amastigotes were identified in PB of 18/22 patients with AVL and in none without AVL. The test was positive in 30 out of the 31 seropositive dogs and in 28/28 dogs with Leishmania identified in other tissues. QBC® is a promising method for diagnosis of human AVL, and possibly for the exam of PB of patients with AVL/AIDS, for the control of the cure and for the identification of asymptomatic carriers. Because it is fast and easy to collect and execute, QBC® should be evaluated for programs of reservoir control.

scholarly journals Skin maculae, chronic diarrhea, cachexia, and splenomegaly—Late presentation of the first autochthonous case of visceral leishmaniasis in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0008925
Author(s):  
Oliver Henke ◽  
Priscus John Mapendo ◽  
Alex Mremi ◽  
Lilian Gasper Mmbaga ◽  
Angela Elisha Pallangyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
East African ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Autochthonous Case ◽  
Northern Tanzania

A 20-year-old man from Simanjiro district in northern Tanzania presented with a 3-year history of splenomegaly, fatigue, cachexia, skin maculae, and recent onset of watery diarrhea at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) in Northern Tanzania. Due to laboratory findings of pancytopenia, diagnostic workup included bone marrow aspiration cytology and biopsy. Although the rapid test (IT LEISH, rK39 RDT) was negative, blood smear showed amastigote forms of leishmaniasis in macrophages. Repeat bone marrow aspiration and PCR eventually confirmed visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The patient denied travel to known endemic areas of VL. Treatment was initiated with Amphotericin B, but the patient died on the fourth day of treatment from respiratory insufficiency. An autopsy revealed massive organ manifestations of VL. This is the first reported autochthonous case of VL in Tanzania. Clark and colleagues detected the vector Phlebotomus martini in Northern Tanzania in 2013, in a region bordering the district of our patient. The negative rapid test draws attention to the fact that sensitivity and specificity were found to be low in East African VL patients as displayed earlier by a Kenyan study. Therefore, tissue samples (spleen or bone marrow) remain necessary for diagnosis. The variety of symptoms in this presented case was remarkable, including the occurrence of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) and VL at the same time. This has been described in East African VL cases before as well as the occurrence of chronic diarrhea. An elongated undiagnosed period likely led to a mixed clinical picture that included hepato-splenomegaly, PKDL, cachexia, and diarrhea.

Epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic features of lymphomas at the Peruvian hospital: Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12041-e12041
Author(s):  
Juan Padilla ◽  
Diego Venegas ◽  
Miro Rodriguez ◽  
Jaime Caceres ◽  
Jaime Cok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Histological Type

e12041 Background: During the decade 70’ to 90’ incidence of lymphomas in Lima, Peru increased from 3.4 to 7.5 per 100 000 females and from 6 to 8.3 per 100 000 males. We describe epidemiological, clinical and pathologic features of patients with lymphoma diagnosed at the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH), center of reference of Lima north. Methods: Retrospective study of 433 patients with lymphoma diagnosed from 1998 to 2008 at the HNCH. Results: The mean age was 44.8 years (range 1 to 93 years), the ratio was 1.5:1 for male and female respectively, 85.9% were Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (LNH). In Hodgkin diseases’ patients the mean age was 34 years and ratio male: female was 2:1; whereas, in NHL, the average age was 45.9 years and ratio male: female was 1.4:1. The more frequently symptoms were weight loss (40.5%) and lymphadenopathy (36.7%). The 55.08% were clinical stage I-II. The most frequent location was nodal (55.1%). More frequently extra nodal locations were: gastrointestinal (15.2%) and skin (10.8%). In NHL, the immunophenotype B were: B (57.8%), T (19.6%) and not determined ( 22.6%). The most common histological type was large diffuse cells lymphoma (35.8%). T-cell lymphoma adults occurs in 6.9% of cases, follicular in 4.7% and anaplastic in 4.7%.According to RECIST 1,1: 78.12% had remission completed and parcial. In Hodgkin’s disease’s treatment with ABVD was 90.97% of responses complete and parcial. During this period 23.45% of patients reported died Conclusions: Our patients with lymphoma retain the same general characteristics of the worldwide. ATLL had prevalence high relative to others series

Guilty but insane: the insanity defence in Ireland, 1850–1995

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Gibbons ◽  
Niamh Mulryan ◽  
Art O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Complete Sample ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insanity Acquittees ◽  
The 19Th Century

BackgroundThis is a retrospective study describing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of an almost complete sample of insanity acquittees in Ireland between 1850 and 1995.MethodCase records and legal files were examined for each of the 437 patients admitted to the Central Mental Hospital under guilty but insane criteria, and a profile of sociodemographic, forensic and clinical data completed on each.ResultsThe number of insanity acquittees has fallen five-fold since the 19th century. Acquittees were usually single males from rural areas, aged in their 30s, who had committed a violent crime while suffering from a major psychiatric illness. Female insanity acquittées were relatively few in number and were equally likely to have been charged with violent crime, especially against their own children. The mean length of detention was 14.5 years.ConclusionsThe insanity defence is rarely used in Ireland, is largely confined to serious offences (especially homicide), and generally results in prolonged detention.

Canine Leishmaniasis with Amyloidosis

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. George ◽  
S. W. Nielsen ◽  
J. N. Shively ◽  
S. Hopek ◽  
S. Mroz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
Great Dane

Visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed in a 2-year-old male Great Dane imported from Greece. The clinical signs included anemia, diarrhea, weight loss, proteinuria, and hyperglobulinemia with increases in α2- and γ-regions. At necropsy there was plasmalymphocytic and macrophage infiltration of spleen, macrophage infiltration of bone marrow, intracellular organisms of macrophages having the ultrastructural characteristics of Leishmania species, and severe amyloidosis of the spleen, liver, and kidney.

scholarly journals Effects of Isotretinoin on the Platelet Counts and the Mean Platelet Volume in Patients with Acne Vulgaris

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arzu Ataseven ◽  
Aynur Ugur Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
The Mean

Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the platelet counts and the mean platelet volume in patients who received isotretinoin for the treatment of acne vulgaris.Method. A total of 110 patients were included in this retrospective study. Complete blood count parameters were recorded prior to and three-months following the treatment.Results. Both platelet counts and the mean platelet volume were significantly decreased following the treatment. No significant differences were noted on the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and white blood cell count.Conclusion. Platelet counts and mean platelet volume significantly decreased following isotretinoin treatment. Since the decrease of platelet counts and the mean platelet volume was seen concomitantly, it is concluded that the effect of isotretinoin was through the suppression of bone marrow.

scholarly journals KAtex Test for the Detection of Urinary Antigens in Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients of Nepal

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (148) ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Sherchand ◽  
SN Shah ◽  
M Hommel
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Urinary Antigen ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
Trained Manpower

The rapid detection of parasitic antigens in body fluid including urine by immunological tests such asKAtex has been a valuable addition to clinical medicine. Existing method of microscopic bone-marrowexamination and immunological test for antigen –enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test forvisceral leishmaniasis antigen are difficult to perform in the field, and this has limited use in rural areas ofendemic countries like Nepal. In this study we have tested 276 urine samples from visceral leishmaniasispatients from different endemic areas of Nepal. Sixty-seven patients (24.3%) were found KAtex positive.The clinical picture of these patients was compared with the KAtex test and additional laboratory findings,knowledge, attitude and behaviour were assessed. High rate of KAtex positive (97.4%) was found in bonemarrow confirmed patients with high degrees of sensitivity and specificity. Hence the study confirmed thatthe KAtex test is suitable for the confirmation of suspected cases in the field and hospital where bonemarrowfacilities are limited or where there is a lack of trained manpower as well as microscopic diagnosisis not available.ORIGINAL ARTICLE Journal of Nepal Medical Association 2003; 42: 191-195Sherchand J B*, Shah S N*, Hommel M**Key Words: Rapid diagnostic test, urinary antigen, visceral leishmaniasis, Nepal.

scholarly journals Neurological involvement in visceral leishmaniasis: case report

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lílian Martins Oliveira Diniz ◽  
Helena Duani ◽  
Camila Rodrigues Freitas ◽  
Rosângela Maria Figueiredo ◽  
Christovão Castro Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis Case ◽  
Vector Borne

Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe and potentially fatal vector-borne disease. The most typical symptoms are fever, hepatosplenomegaly, weight loss, bleeding and bacterial infections. Neurological changes are rarely reported. This paper describes a child who presented with neurological signs as the first symptoms of leishmaniasis; tone was diminished and tremors in the extremities were observed. A diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was confirmed by parasite detection in the bone marrow. Symptoms were reversed by specific treatment. The nature of a possible mechanism of neurological involvement in visceral leishmaniasis remains unexplained.

scholarly journals Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Owl Monkey

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Broderson ◽  
W. L. Chapman ◽  
W. L. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Positive Antibody ◽  
Owl Monkey ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Owl Monkeys ◽  
Intravenous Inoculation

Visceral leishmaniasis developed in eight owl monkeys ( Aotus trivirgatus) after intravenous inoculation with a Khartoum strain (WR378) of Leishmania donovani. Six monkeys died within 93 days, and two monkeys recovered from the disease. Clinically, signs were weight loss, anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly. Hematologic findings included anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphocytosis. Analysis of serum or plasma revealed hyperbilirubinemia, azotemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and altered hemostasis. All monkeys developed positive antibody titers to promastigotes of L. donovani and had increases in immunoglobulins M and subsequently G. Liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes were the principal organs containing numerous parasitized macrophages. The owl monkey was highly susceptible to L. donovani infection and should be a useful animal model for the study of visceral leishmaniasis.

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