Assessing the Relationship between Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia Mortality Rates and Human Development Index: A 26-Year Trend Analysis Using Location-Scale Mixed Effects Model

Background: Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is one of the most prevalent types of leukemia, which is responsible for a remarkable mortality rate in the world. This study aimed to investigate the global trend of this cancer from 1990 to 2015 and to determine the relationship between trend of CLL mortality rate and Human Development Index (HDI) throughout the world. Methods: The age-standardized mortality rate data of all countries of the world (per 100,000) were extracted from the GBD database. In addition, the HDI values for the studied countries in different years were obtained from the UNDP database. The statistical analysis was performed using the mixed-effects location-scale model in the SAS software, version 9.4. Results: The findings of the statistical modeling showed a downward slope for CLL Age Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) for total world countries ( ˆ   0.002 ). We also find a significant association between CLL ASMR and HDI. Countries with higher HDI had higher level of CLL ASMR in years 1990 to 2015 with a negative slope. Furthermore, countries with lower HDI had Lower level of CLL ASMR with rather fixed rates in this period. Conclusion: These findings showed a decreasing trend of global CLL ASMR in the previous decades, although, the fixed trend of CLL ASMR in countries with low HDI is worrisome. The health policymakers should make more efforts to decrease the mortality due to this cancer in these countries.

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ANALYSIS OF FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON MORTALITY CAUSED BY COVID-19

Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu ◽

10.21272/1817-9215.2020.3-18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 164-173

Author(s):

I. Bielova ◽

I. D’yakonova ◽

L. Taraniuk ◽

O. Demikhov

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Average Level ◽

Environmental Load ◽

Development Index ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

The Impact

Of great importance in today's conditions is the assessment of destructive factors influencing the mortality rate of patients with COVID-19, because this analysis may be necessary to form a roadmap for governments, which aims to prevent and reduce the spread of COVID-19. The aim of the research is to analyze the factors influencing mortality caused by COVID-19, based on data from countries around the world and at the national level. Among such factors, the influence of the environmental component is highlighted. Methodology and scientific approaches: comparative analysis - in establishing the average level of indicators for groups of countries depending on the human development index HDI, as well as for key indicators to characterize the level of environmental "load" at the level of regions of Ukraine, synthesis method - economically justified analysis results average level of indicators for groups of countries depending on the human development index HDI, the method of generalization - in forming the general conclusions of the study, statistical methods (correlations and the method of averages) - in assessing the impact of factors on mortality from COVID-19. The results of the study: the article conducted a study on the analysis of factors influencing mortality caused by COVID-19. Indicators that participate in the analysis of factors influencing mortality from COVID-19 are identified. The main indicators of the standard of living and health of the population used in the world are marked. The average levels of indicators for groups of countries depending on the human development index HDI are calculated and the dependences of these indicators and their impact on the mortality rate on COVID-19 are economically substantiated. In terms of regions of Ukraine, an analysis of the impact of indicators that affect the mortality rate from COVID-19, using some components of the environmental "load". The analysis of the main indicators for the assessment of the consequences of the spread of COVID-19 is carried out and their significance at the regional level is analyzed. The possibility of using the results in further research may relate to the formation of an economic model of factors influencing mortality caused by COVID-19, which will predict different scenarios of destructive factors on mortality from COVID-19 depending on the implementation of measures to combat the spread of the disease among governments countries. The practical significance of the study is that based on the analysis of the results of the study there is the possibility of forming effective management decisions by governments to counter the spread of COVID-19 at the international and national levels. The social consequences include the social effects that result from the results of this analysis through effective health care decision-making by national governments, that may reduce the mortality rate among the population from COVID-19.

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Incidence and mortality of kidney cancer and its relationship with HDI (Human Development Index) in the world in 2012

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports ◽

10.15386/cjmed-691 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 286-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maryam Mohammadian ◽

Reza Pakzad ◽

Farhad Towhidi ◽

Behnam Reza Makhsosi ◽

Abbas Ahmadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Human Development ◽

Kidney Cancer ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Developed Countries ◽

World Health ◽

Development Index ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The World

Background and aims. Kidney cancer is among the cancers that have the highest growth rate in all age and racial groups in the world and is as the most deadly type of urinary tract cancer. Since awareness about this cancer incidence status and mortality is essential for better planning, this study aimed to investigate the incidence and mortality rate of kidney cancer and its relationship with the development index in the world in 2012.Method. This study was an ecological study conducted based on GLOBOCAN project of the World Health Organization (WHO) for the countries in the world. The correlation between Standardized Incidence Rates (SIRs) and Standardized Mortality Rates (SMRs) of kidney cancer with HDI and its components was assessed using SPSS18.Results. In total, 337,860 incidence cases (213,924 were men and 123,936 women) and 143,406 deaths (90,802 cases in men and 52,604 in women) of kidney cancer were recorded in 2012. A positive correlation of 0.731 was seen between SIR of kidney cancer and HDI (p≤0.001). Also, a negative correlation of 0.627was seen between SMR of kidney cancer and HDI (p≤0.001). Conclusion. The incidence and mortality rate of kidney cancer is higher in developed countries. A significant positive correlation has been seen between the standardized incidence and mortality rate of kidney cancer with the Human Development Index and its components. We need more studies to examine variation in incidence and mortality of kidney cancer and its related factors in the world.

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AS A FACTOR OF INFLUENCE ON MORTALITY FROM COVID-19

THE BULLETIN ◽

10.32014/2021.2518-1467.93 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (391) ◽

pp. 19-26

Author(s):

I. Bielova ◽

A. Bukhtiarova ◽

L. Taraniuk ◽

I. D’yakonova ◽

O. Pakhnenko

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Average Level ◽

Leading Indicators ◽

Environmental Load ◽

Development Index ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

The Social ◽

The World

It is essential to assess the destructive factors influencing the mortality rate of patients with COVID-19. This analysis may be necessary to form a roadmap for governments to focus on preventing and reducing the effects of COVID-19. The research aims to analyze the factors influencing mortality caused by COVID-19, based on data from countries around the world and national levels. Among such factors, the influence of the environmental component is highlighted. Methodology and scientific approaches: a comparative analysis – in establishing the average level of indicators for groups of countries depending on the human development index HDI, as well as for critical indicators to characterize the level of environmental "load" at the level of regions of Ukraine, synthesis method – economically justified analysis results average level of indicators for groups of countries depending on the human development index HDI, the method of generalization – at formation the general conclusions of the study, statistical methods (correlations and the method of averages) – in assessing the impact of factors on mortality from COVID-19. The study results: the article conducted a study on the analysis of factors influencing mortality caused by COVID-19. Indicators that participate in the analysis of factors influencing mortality from COVID-19 are identified. The leading indicators for assessing the standard of living and health of the population used in the world are marked. The average levels of indicators for groups of countries depending on the human development index HDI are calculated. The dependences of these indicators and their impact on the mortality rate on COVID-19 are economically substantiated. In terms of regions of Ukraine, an analysis of the effects of indicators that affect the mortality rate from COVID-19, using some components of the environmental "load." The study of the leading indicators for assessing the consequences of the spread of COVID-19 is carried out, and their significance at the regional level is analyzed. The possibility of using the results in further research may relate to the formation of an economic model of factors influencing mortality caused by COVID-19, which will predict different scenarios of destructive indicators on mortality from COVID-19 depending on the implementation of measures to combat the spread of the disease among governments countries. The study's practical significance is that based on the analysis of the results of the survey, governments can form effective management decisions to counter the spread of COVID-19 at the international and national levels. The social consequences include the social effects that result from the results of this analysis through effective health care decisions by governments.

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Epidemiology, incidence and mortality of oral cavity and lips cancer and their relationship with the human development index in the world

Biomedical Research and Therapy ◽

10.15419/bmrat.v3i10.129 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (10) ◽

pp. 872-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fariba Ramezani Siakholak ◽

Mahshid Ghoncheh ◽

Reza Pakzad ◽

Hamidreza Sadeghi Gandomani ◽

Fereshteh Ghorat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Health Planning ◽

Lip Cancer ◽

Development Index ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

High Incidence ◽

The World

Introduction: According to the importance of knowledge about incidence and mortality of oral cavity and lip cancer in health planning, this study was performed with the aim of investigating the incidence and mortality rate of oral cavity and lip cancer and its relation with the Human Development Index in the world in 2012. Methods: The study was conducted based on data from the world data of cancer and the World Bank (including the HDI and its components). Data about the age-specific incidence and mortality rate (ASR) for every country in 2012 were getting from the global cancer project. To analyze data, correlation tests between incidence and death rates, and HDI and its components were employed with a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS software. Results: In 2012, 300373 cases of oral cavity and lip cancer and 145353 cases of death from it have occurred in the world. A positive correlation of 0.221 was seen between the standardized incidence rate of oral cavity and lip cancer and HDI but this correlation was not statistically significant (p=0.114). On the other side, a correlation of 0.295 was seen between the standardized mortality rate of oral cavity and lip cancer with HDI that this correlation was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The incidence and mortality of oral cavity cancer is high in the Asian countries especially south eastern of Asia. Performing preventive plans in high incidence and mortality rate regions and also obtaining etiological studies in these regions is recommended for diagnosing the causes of high incidence and mortality rates.

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What Does Human Development Index Rating Mean in Terms of Individualism/Collectivism?

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.8.2.97 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 97-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria José Sotelo ◽

Luis Gimeno

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

General Idea ◽

Development Index ◽

Low Levels ◽

The Relationship

The authors explore an alternative way of analyzing the relationship between human development and individualism. The method is based on the first principal component of Hofstede's individualism index in the Human Development Index rating domain. Results suggest that the general idea that greater wealth brings more individualism is only true for countries with high levels of development, while for middle or low levels of development the inverse is true.

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The Relationship between Human Development and Economic Growth

10.1093/oso/9780198794455.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Frances Stewart ◽

Gustav Ranis ◽

Emma Samman

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Econometric Analysis ◽

Complementary Relationship ◽

Development Index ◽

The Relationship ◽

Intervening Variables

This chapter explores the interactions between economic growth and human development, as measured by the Human Development Index, theoretically and empirically. Drawing on many studies it explores the links in two chains, from economic growth to human development, and from human development to growth. Econometric analysis establishes strong links between economic growth and human development, and intervening variables influencing the strength of the chains. Because of the complementary relationship, putting emphasis on economic growth alone is not a long-term viable strategy, as growth is likely to be impeded by failure on human development. The chapter classifies country performance in four ways: virtuous cycles where both growth and human development are successful; vicious cycles where both are weak; and lopsided ones where the economy is strong but human development is weak, or conversely ones where human development is strong but the economy is weak.

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The relationship between the Municipal Human Development Index and rates of violent death in Brazilian Federal Units

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.7322/jhgd.119275 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lylla Winzer

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Violent Death ◽

Raw Data ◽

Development Index ◽

The Relationship

Because countries with the highest Human Development Index (HDI) have low rates of violence, it is common to assume that the increase of HDI may correspond with lower rates of violence in a country. This study examined the relationship between the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) and violent deaths in the Brazilian States between 1991 and 2010. We tested whether the increase of MHDI indirectly reduces violence or whether the reduction of violence predicts higher MHDI in later years. The raw data were obtained from three sources online, Atlasbrasil, IPEAdata and Map of violence. The analyses do not support the assumption that the increase of MHDI leads to a reduced level of violence. However, there are indications that the decrease of homicides over the years results in improved MHDI rates in 2010. The results suggest that taking measures aimed at development does not automatically imply a lower level of violence, but fi ghting against violence may increase MHDI.

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MIGRATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND PSYCHOLOGY: LOOKING FOR A LINK

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2003.31.1.55 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 55-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria José Sotelo ◽

Luis Gimeno

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

Development Index ◽

The Relationship

The authors explore an alternative way of analyzing the relationship between development, migration and psychology. The method is based on the first principal component of national net immigrants'data in the Human Development Index rating domain. Results show that the main sources of emigrants are countries with moderate development and the main sink countries are ranked from Human Development Index Rating 10 to 30. This could be in part due to a psychological reason: “If one is poor among poor, incentives to migrate might be lower than if one is poor among (relatively) rich”.

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The Role of Education in Human Development in Iraq for the Period 1980-2012

Journal of University of Human Development ◽

10.21928/juhd.v2n2y2016.pp251-276 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 251

Author(s):

Sabah Faihan Mahmood ◽

Yassen Taha Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Development Index ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Index Value ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Shed Light

Human Development aims to enlarge choices in front of people by improving the level of health, education, and income; this means that this process will upgrade both the economic and social development.In other words, human development aimes to raise the average of age and this requires the advancement of the health aspect, raise the level of knowledge and this requires the advancement of the educational aspect of all kinds., and raise the standard of living, and this requires the advancement of the economic aspect by providing the necessary jobs and promote economic activities. The study focus on the relationship between education and human development which has great importance as a mean to determine the impact of education on human development. The research seeks to achieve a set of objectives, including: Review the concept of human development and its basic elements, shed light on the reality of development in Iraq and follow the path of its development, and find out the role of education in influencing human development through the changes taking place in it and its impact on increase or decrease human development index during the period of the research. The research found set of results, the most important were the important effect of the education index on the level of human development index represented by HDI. Iraq had a good educational system in the eighties and nineties, reaching good education index value for the year (1990) which was (0.890), making the human development index in Iraq in the highest level and the value of the Human Development Index (0.759) in the first report issued by the United Nations in the year (1990). when the education index fall back there was negatively impact on the value of human development index in Iraq Directory, so when the education index value became (0.721) , the value of the Human Development Index was (0.590) in the year 2011 . This means that the value of the human development index decrease in recent years, although of improvement in the level of health, and the average per capita GDP in Iraq, and this illustrates the significant role of education on the human development process.

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