Isolation of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus and evaluation of aflatoxins in “Burukutu”, sorghum fermented beverage sold in Akure, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladipo Oladiti Olaniyi ◽  
Juliet Bamidele Akinyele
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
End Products ◽  
Fermented Beverage ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The possible health threat accompanied with the ingestion of ‘Burukutu’, an alcoholic beverage made from fungal contaminated cereals grains calls for regular inspection. The study aimed at the isolation of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus and quantification of aflatoxins in‘Burukutu’ sold in Akure, Nigeria. The fungi associated with the samples were isolated and counted using standard microbiological methods. Aflatoxins were extracted from 64 samples using different solvents and analyzed with the aid of High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). The aflatoxins in the samples applied on pre-heated HPTLC plates were estimated under fluorescent UV light. Cooked fermented milled malted grains ‘Burukutu’ (CFMMG) had the highest fungal counts of 6.8×102 and 2.9×102 cfu/ml at 24 and 48 h of incubation respectively. The fungal isolates identified from the samples were: Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, Rhizopusstolonifer, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Penicillumitalicum, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Candida krusei. All the analyzed samples showed varied quantity of aflatoxin concentrations. The overall quantification of aflatoxins G1, G2, B1 and B2 revealed significant reduction in end products ‘Burukutu’ when compared with the substrates from which it was made. Different general fungi associated with ‘Burukutu’ were identified. There was also a decline in the level of aflatoxins in ‘Burukutu’ which was a product of natural fermentation

Control of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production with spices in culture medium and rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Aiko ◽  
A. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Cinnamon, cardamom, star anise and clove were studied for their effect on growth of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) synthesis. The experiments were carried out in yeast extract sucrose culture broth as well as in rice supplemented with spices. AFB1 produced was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. At a concentration of 10 mg/ml, cardamom and star anise did not exhibit any antifungal or anti-aflatoxigenic activity in culture broth, whereas cinnamon and clove inhibited A. flavus growth completely. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cinnamon and clove were 4 and 2 mg/ml, respectively. Concentrations of cinnamon and clove below their minimum inhibitory concentrations showed enhanced fungal growth, while AFB1 synthesis was reduced. Clove inhibited the synthesis of AFB1 significantly up to 99% at concentrations ≥1.0 mg/ml. The spices also inhibited AFB1 synthesis in rice at 5 mg/g, although fungal growth was not inhibited. Clove and cinnamon inhibited AFB1 synthesis significantly up to 99 and 92%, respectively, and star anise and cardamom by 41 and 23%, respectively. The results of this study suggest the use of whole spices rather than their essential oils for controlling fungal and mycotoxin contamination in food grains.

scholarly journals Identification of phenolic compounds of dry extract of dandelion herb and large burdock leaf tea

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
L. M. Fedoseeva ◽  
Yu. I. Chistova
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Water System ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Caffeic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The purpose of this work is to study of phenolic compounds in the dry extract of dandelion herb and large burdock leaf tea.Materials and methods . The separation and identification of phenolic compounds of dry extract of dandelion herb and large burdock leaf tea by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-detectionhas been carried out.Results . As a result of research, it has been established that during TLC the optimal system for the separation of phenolic compounds is the ethyl acetate – formic acid – water system (10:2:3). On the chromatogram four spots were found corresponding to the value of Rf and fluorescence in UV-light to flavonoids of the flavone group and phenolic acids (chlorogenic and caffeic acids). For further identification of phenolic compounds using HPLC, eight peaks were found, which in terms of retention time and spectral characteristics correspond to phenologlycosides, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid derivatives, ferulic acid, umbelliferone.Conclusions . Thus, the dry extract of dandelion herb and large burdock leaf tea contains hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives, compounds of coumarin nature, phenologlycosides.

Identification and Semiquantitative Estimation of Antibiotics Added to Complete Feeds, Premixes, and Concentrates

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Gafner
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Routine Method ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Feed Samples

Abstract Classical microbiological methods for determining antimicrobial compounds in feeds are nonspecific. Thus, there is a need to identify biological activity, and bioautography is used for thispurpose. A routine method for detecting the following antimicrobial sub stances in feeds is described: avilamycin, avoparcin, Zn-bacitracin, erythromycin, flavomycin, furazolidone, lasalocid, monensin, narasin, penicillin, salinomycin, spiramycin, tetracyclines, tylosin, and virginiamycin. Carbadox can be detected by UV light examination of the plates prior to bioautography. Semiquantitative estimations of antibiotic content are compared with quantitative determinations of the above mentioned sub stances in feeds, except erythromycin, penicillin, and tetracyclines. Detection limits range from 0.1 mg/kg (chlortetracycline) to 20 mg/kg (lasalocid). The method involves agar diffusion of buffered samples, a neutral extraction of polyether antibiotics followed bythin-layer chromatography (TLC), and an acid extraction for other antibiotics followed by TLC. Five test bacteria were used for the main detection by agar diffusion: Micrococcus luteusATCC 9341, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Corynebacterium xerosis NCTC 9755, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, and B. subtilis ATCC 6633. Identification after TLC was achieved by bioautography with the most sensitive microorganism(s). This method allows one laboratory technician to analyze up to 30 feed samples within 2.5 working days, provided that feeds of the same category are analyzed in the same run, and that labels of additives are available. Qualitative and semiquantitative information are valuable when performing a quantitative antibiotic determination and it provides proof that the activity determined is due to the tested substance. This last feature is essential from the perspective of quality assurance of results.

scholarly journals Mycotoxigenic Aspergillus flavus from ginger and turmeric consumed in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
V C Okereke, M I Godwin-Egein
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Blue Fluorescence ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Yellow Pigmentation

Ginger and turmeric sold in the open markets and retail outlets in southern Nigeria were sampled between April and August, 2017. This period coincided with the first bimodal peak of the rainy season of the 2017 cropping season. Malt extract agar (MEA) and Dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) media were used to isolate fungi from samples with or without surface sterilisation. Aspergillus spp isolated were examined for the production of orange-yellow pigmentation and blue fluorescence on the reverse side of the plate on CAM under UV light. Aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus on yeast extract sucrose (YES) was verified quantitatively using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Data showed that Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus spp were the dominant fungal flora. Toxigenic isolates of A. flavus; AFg1, AFg3, AFt1, and AFt3 produced both orange-yellow pigmentation and blue fluorescence on CAM. The production of AFB1 and AFB2 on YES medium was confirmed using HPLC. The occurrence of toxigenic fungi indicates that there is a potential risk of mycotoxin contamination in ginger and turmeric consumed in southern Nigeria and problems can arise from contamination with aflatoxins.

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification of Synthetic Food Dyes in Alcoholic Products

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
John A Steele
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Food Dyes ◽  
Rapid Monitoring ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract High performance thin layer chromatography systems using 2 multicomponent solvent systems are described for the separation and identification of FD&C permitted dyes Yellow No. 5, Yellow No. 6, Red No. 40, Red No. 3, Blue No. 1, Blue No. 2, Green No. 3; FD&C delisted dyes for foods: Amaranth, formerly certified as FD&C Red No. 2, Red No. 1, Red No. 4 (delisted for foods, permitted for external drugs and cosmetics); D&C dyes Yellow No. 10, Green No. 5, and Red No. 4. The method is suitable for the rapid monitoring of synthetic food dyes in alcoholic beverage products. Also, the method offers the means of qualitative and quantitative spectrodensitometry of synthetic food dyes found in alcoholic beverage products.

scholarly journals HPTLC analysis of berberine in stem extracts of Fibraurea darshani

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Sheema Dharmapal ◽  
Bindu T.K. ◽  
Elyas K.K.
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Uv Reflectance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The present study is a first report on the phytochemical analysis of the plant Fibraurea darshani which is endemic to Western Ghats. The plant is a woody dioecious climber belonging to the family Menispermaceae. Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic extracts of the stem of F. darshani revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, carbohydrates, anthraquiones, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, sterols etc. A simple and reproducible high performance thin layer chromatography was developed to evaluate the presence of berberine in methanol extract of stem of F. darshani. This method involves separation of compounds by HPTLC on pre-coated silica gel 60F 254 plates with a solvent system of Chloroform: Ethyl acetate: Methanol: Formic acid (4:5:4:0.3) and scanned using densitometric scanner in UV reflectance photo mode at 254 and 366nm. The Rf values (0.97) for berberine in the plant sample and the reference standard were found comparable under UV light at 366nm. The HPTLC method developed was simple, accurate and specific.

Identification and Estimation of the Alkaloids of Rauwolfia serpentina by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Thin Layer Chromatography

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-873
Author(s):  
Ugo R Cieri
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Rauwolfia Serpentina ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A procedure is presented for the identification and estimation of some of the alkaloids of Rauwolfia serpentina by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Two extraction procedures were studied, one essentially similar to the current AOAC method, and one using warm methanol. For HPLC, a μPorasil column, methanol as eluting solvent, and a fluorometric delector were used. Rescinnamine was detected at 330 nm, at which wavelength reserpine fluorescence is negligible. Reserpine was detected at 280 nm, where rescinnamine fluorescence is small. Other alkaloids detected were raubasinine, ajmalicine, yohimbine, ajmaiine, and serpentine. For TLC, CHCI3-CH3OH 197+ 3) and CHCI3-CH3OH (80 + 20) were used as developing solvents and spots were detected under long- and shortwave UV light. A semiquantitative IICprocedure was also developed for serpentine, the content of which was found to be in the 0.2-0.25% range.

scholarly journals Identification of Antiglycative Compounds in Japanese Red Water Pepper (Red Leaf Variant of the Persicaria hydropiper Sprout)

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakako Takabe ◽  
Taiki Yamaguchi ◽  
Hideharu Hayashi ◽  
Natsuhiko Sugimura ◽  
Masayuki Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Glycation, the nonenzymatic reaction between proteins and excess blood sugar, is implicated in multiple disorders and occurs via the formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In our previous studies, we demonstrated that the red-leaf variant of the Persicaria hydropiper sprout (Japanese red water pepper, Benitade) is one of the potent plants that inhibit formation of AGEs. In this study, we aimed to identify antiglycative compounds in Benitade. Benitade extracts were prepared with hot water, then fractionated by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antiglycative efficacy of each fraction was evaluated by measuring the formation of fluorescent AGEs (Ex 370 nm/Em 440 nm). Two fractions, which contained peaks at 26.4 min and 31.8 min, showed potent antiglycative efficacy. When we hydrolyzed these peaks, they shifted to 32.5 and 41.4 min, which are the same retention times as cyanidin and quercetin, respectively. Based on thin-layer chromatography, both compounds contained galactose. Finally, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqTOF-MS) analyses were performed to determine the structure of those compounds. Overall, we identified two glycosides, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside (idaein) and quercetin 3-O-galactoside (hyperin), as representative antiglycative compounds in Benitade.

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