scholarly journals Design and Development of Gas Sensor Based On Acoustic Resonance

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melany Febrina
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Acoustic Resonance ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Acoustic Resonator ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Frequency Shifting

Determination of the specific toxic, harmful, or flammable gases concentration i.e. butane, cannot be done directly. It requires devices that can do this measurement without any direct contact between the gas and human (observer) i.e. gas sensors. These sensors are typically used in security systems or early warning system. This research is about design and development of a gas sensor based on acoustic resonance. The sensor that has been developed is acoustic resonator based sensor, with two speakers as the sources of acoustic vibrations. This sensor is made to work at its resonance frequency. Since the resonance frequency of acoustic resonator is influenced by the speed of sound in the acoustic resonator, and the speed of sound is influenced by the density and concentration of the gas in the acoustic resonator, the changing of gas concentrations will cause resonance frequency shifting of the acoustic resonator. So, by taking measurement of resonance frequency shifting of resonator, gas concentration can be determined. This research was conducted in four stages, the first stage is designing of acoustic resonator, the second stage is manufacturing and initial testing of the acoustic resonator, the third stage is conditioning stage to make acoustic resonator works at its resonance frequency automatically, and the final stage is the testing stage of acoustic resonator using butane. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the acoustic resonator system can work accurately and precision to detect the changing of butane gas concentration. Absolute error and relative error are relatively small, the largest of absolute error is 7.69% and the largest relative error is 0.47%.

scholarly journals Design and Development of Gas Sensor Based On Acoustic Resonance

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melany Febrina
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Acoustic Resonance ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Acoustic Resonator ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Frequency Shifting

Determination of the specific toxic, harmful, or flammable gases concentration i.e. butane, cannot be done directly. It requires devices that can do this measurement without any direct contact between the gas and human (observer) i.e. gas sensors. These sensors are typically used in security systems or early warning system. This research is about design and development of a gas sensor based on acoustic resonance. The sensor that has been developed is acoustic resonator based sensor, with two speakers as the sources of acoustic vibrations. This sensor is made to work at its resonance frequency. Since the resonance frequency of acoustic resonator is influenced by the speed of sound in the acoustic resonator, and the speed of sound is influenced by the density and concentration of the gas in the acoustic resonator, the changing of gas concentrations will cause resonance frequency shifting of the acoustic resonator. So, by taking measurement of resonance frequency shifting of resonator, gas concentration can be determined. This research was conducted in four stages, the first stage is designing of acoustic resonator, the second stage is manufacturing and initial testing of the acoustic resonator, the third stage is conditioning stage to make acoustic resonator works at its resonance frequency automatically, and the final stage is the testing stage of acoustic resonator using butane. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the acoustic resonator system can work accurately and precision to detect the changing of butane gas concentration. Absolute error and relative error are relatively small, the largest of absolute error is 7.69% and the largest relative error is 0.47%.

Investigation of Heat Transfer for Shell-Tube Fuel-Cooled Heat Exchanger

2013 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
Ya Guo Lu ◽  
Peng Fei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Shell Side ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
The Absolute

A calculate method based on ε-NTU model for heat transfer characteristics of shell-tube fuel-cooled heat exchanger of aero-engine lubrication system was built. The heat convection coefficient was obtained by a dimensionless curve (Re~StPr2/3), which was detailed introduced as well. A case study was executed at last. The absolute error of the outlet lubrication of the tube side and the shell side between the value of calculation and experiment was less than ±10°C, and the relative error was less than 6.5%. The absolute error of the heat transferred between calculation and experiment was less than ±0.9kW, and the relative error was less than 7.4%. It indicates that the mothod is available for the investigation of heat transfer characteristics of shell-tube fuel-cooled heat exchanger.

Variation of the acoustic resonance frequency in high-Tc ceramics in a dc magnetic field

1989 ◽  
Vol 139 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.T. Dolgopolov ◽  
R.K. Nikolaev ◽  
L.V. Ovchinnikova ◽  
N.S. Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Resonance ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Dc Magnetic Field

Analytical modeling of phosphorene-based NO2 gas sensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (14) ◽  
pp. 1950143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Mansouri ◽  
Javad Karamdel ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi ◽  
Masoud Berahman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Carrier Mobility ◽  
Analytical Modeling ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Gas Sensing Properties ◽  
Acceptable Agreement

Phosphorene is a new two-dimensional material that has great potentials in Nano electronic application, so it has attracted more researchers’ attention nowadays. Indeed, phosphorene is an interesting material in gas sensing, due to its high surface-to-volume ratio and its carrier mobility. Many studies have been reported on phosphorene gas sensing, but there is not enough study on analytical modeling of phosphorene gas sensing properties. In this research, by adopting data from experimental NO2-based gas sensor, an analytical model of the phosphorene gas sensing behavior is presented. Then, the experimental results of NO2 gas sensing are compared with the proposed model and acceptable agreement is reported. This new model is adapted to predict phosphorene gas sensing performance in higher NO2 gas concentrations, which demonstrates, linear relation is established in higher concentrations same as lower ppb NO2 gas concentration. So, we have predicted the result of NO2 gas sensing for higher concentration based on experimental sensing.

scholarly journals Verification of a Nondestructive Method for Assessing the Humidity of Saline Brick Walls in Historical Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6926
Author(s):  
Anna Hoła ◽  
Łukasz Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Average Absolute Error ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Very High ◽  
Construction Practice

The paper presents the results of the verification of the neural method for assessing the humidity of saline brick walls. The method was previously developed by the authors and can be useful for the nondestructive assessment of the humidity of walls in historic buildings when destructive intervention during testing is not possible due to conservation restrictions. However, before being implemented in construction practice, this method requires validation by verification on other historic buildings, which to date has not been done. The paper presents the results of such verification, which has never been carried out before, and thus extends the scope of knowledge related to the issue. For experimental verification of the artificial neural network (ANN), the results of moisture tests of two selected historic buildings, other than those used for ANN learning and testing processes, were used. An artificial unidirectional multilayer neural network with backward error propagation and the algorithm for learning conjugate gradient (CG) was found to be useful for this purpose. The obtained satisfactory value of the linear correlation coefficient R of 0.807 and low average absolute error |Δf| of 1.16% confirms this statement. The values of average relative error |RE| of 19.02%, which were obtained in this research, were not very high for an in-situ study. Moreover, the relative error values |RE| were mostly in the range of 15% to 25%.

scholarly journals Design and Development of ZnO Based Gas Sensor for Fruit Ripening Detection

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 01109
Author(s):  
N.H. Hasanuddin ◽  
M.H.A. Wahid ◽  
M.M. Shahimin ◽  
N.A.M.A. Hambali ◽  
N.S. Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Design And Development

THE STATIC DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF NaCl, KCl, AND KBr AT TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 4.2 °K AND 300 °K

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2211-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Robinson ◽  
A. C. Hollis Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Debye Temperature ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Static Dielectric Constant ◽  
Good Agreement

Measurements of the static dielectric constant, εst, were made, using a transformer bridge with an absolute error of about 0.5% and a relative error of less than 0.02%. At 300 °K, the values obtained for εst were 5.90, 4.81, and 4.88, while 104(1/εst)(∂εst/∂T)p, was found to be 3.21, 2.93, and 3.10 (°K)−1 for NaCl, KCl, and KBr respectively, in good agreement with other recent measurements.At low temperatures, the curve of εst versus temperature was found to show a minimum, but it has not been found possible to explain all of the observed increase in εst with decreasing temperature below the minimum by the presence of impurities.The variation of εst with temperature is analyzed in detail on the basis of the evaluation made by Szigeti of the anharmonic contribution, G, to the dielectric constant. Estimates of (∂εst/∂T)v, which is equal to (∂G/∂T)v according to Szigeti (1961), have been made from the experimental data, and the curves of (∂εst/∂T)v versus temperature show an unexpected maximum at a temperature near θD/4,where θD is the Debye temperature.

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