scholarly journals A Possibility of Detecting Fast Neutrons in a 10B Solid-gas Detector

KnE Energy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Potashev ◽  
Y Burmistrov ◽  
A Drachev ◽  
S Karaevsky ◽  
E Konobeevski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Qualitative Agreement ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Amplitude Spectra ◽  
Gas Detector ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Thermal And Fast Neutrons

The possibility of detecting thermal and fast neutrons in 10B solid-gas detector is considered. The simulation of the neutron detection process shows a significant difference in the detector signals caused by neutrons of different energies. An experimental verification of the detector’s operation was performed using W-Be photoneutron source with different ratio of fast and thermal neutrons incident on the detector. The measured amplitude spectra of the signals for different neutron energies were compared with the simulation results. The qualitative agreement between experimental and calculated data indicates the possibility of using this detector for recording thermal and fast neutrons.

scholarly journals PSV-6 Effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 153-154
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Li ◽  
Yunhui Zhu ◽  
Michael Reese ◽  
Eric Buchanan ◽  
Lee Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Drinking Frequency ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress. Sows were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700h to 1900h) and 23.9°C (1900h to 0700h). Sows in one room (treatment), but not in the other room (control) were provided with chilled drinking water (13 to 15°C) and cooled floor pads (15 to 18°C). Behavior of sows (n=15 sows/treatment; parity=1 to 6) was video recorded during farrowing, and d 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed to register birth time of each piglet. Number of drinking bouts and duration of each bout were registered for 2 h (1530h to 1730h) each day after farrowing. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video-recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each day after farrowing, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix Procedure of SAS. No effect of treatment was detected for litter size born, farrowing duration, or birth interval (P >0.33; Table 1). Neither frequency nor duration of drinking bouts was affected by treatment (P >0.27). No significant difference was observed in time budget for each posture (P >0.46) between treatment and control groups. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (from 1.2 drinks/2h on d 1 to 4.9 drinks/2h on d 21; P< 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (8% to 14%; P< 0.0001), standing (4% to 10%; P< 0.001), and sitting (2% to 4%; P< 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (86% to 67%; P< 0.0001) in both control and treatment rooms. These results indicate that chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads did not affect behavior of sows during farrowing and lactation in the current study.

scholarly journals THE TRANSMUTATION MODELING FOR PLUTONIUM AND MINOR ACTINIDES IN THE TWO-ZONE SUBCRITICAL REACTOR

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
V.I. Gulik ◽  
D.O. Sheliahovskyi ◽  
A.V. Nosovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Minor Actinides ◽  
Capture Reaction ◽  
Thermal And Fast Neutrons ◽  
Subcritical System ◽  
Subcritical Reactor

The investigations directed to plutonium and minor actinides transmutations for two-zone subcritical reactor is considered in present paper. The distributions of thermal and fast neutrons in the subcritical system were obtained. The distributions of fission and capture reaction rates for 237Np and 243Am were analyzed from viewpoint of minor actinides transmutation. The transmutation simulations for different distributions of pin targets were carried out within the scope of this paper. The obtained modeling results for different nuclear waste isotopes were analyzed and discussed.

scholarly journals The effect of optical brightening toothpaste on the color stability of esthetic restorative materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Firdevs Kahvecioğlu ◽  
Elçim Çoban ◽  
Hayriye Esra Ülker
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Cherry Juice ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Post Hoc

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of whitening toothpaste applications on the color stability of different tooth-colored restorative materials (Fuji IX, GC Fuji II LC, Equia Forte, and Kerr Point 4)  Methodology: Standardized fourty disc-shaped specimens were prepared from esthetic restorative materials and polished. The baseline color values of each specimen were then measured using a spectrophotometer, according to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*, a*, and b* (CIELAB) color scale. Ten specimens from each group were then immersed in two different beverages (cherry juice and coke) for seven days. After immersion, the color value of each specimen was re-measured. Each sample was brushed with whitening toothpaste for 30 seconds using an electric toothbrush. The samples were kept in distilled water at room temperature and brushing continued twice a day for seven days. The color change value, Delta E (ΔE), was calculated. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test. Results: When the results were evaluated, after the colored samples had been brushed with whitening toothpaste, a difference was found between the Delta E values according to the materials used (p<0.001), but no difference was found in relation to the beverages (p>0.001). When the values of the color changes were evaluated after the first brushing with whitening toothpaste and before the specimens were colored with drinks, a difference was observed in the Fuji II cola, Fuji II cherry, and Equia Forte cola groups (p<0.05). When the values of the color changes were evaluated for specimens in which brushing had been done twice a day for seven days with whitening toothpaste and before they were colored with drinks, a significant difference was observed in the Fuji II cherry and Equia Forte cola groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Using Signal White Now whitening toothpaste for 2 min 2 times a day for seven days caused significant changes in the color of the restorative materials. The color change is dependent upon the type of restorative material that is used.   How to cite this article: Kahvecioğlu F, Çoban E, Ülker HE. The effect of optical brightening toothpaste on the color stability of esthetic restorative materials. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):80-4. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.13   Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

scholarly journals High sensitive depleted MOSFET-based neutron dosimetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
M. Fragopoulou ◽  
V. Konstantakos ◽  
M. Zamani ◽  
S. Siskos ◽  
T. Laopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Fluoride ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
Neutron Dosimetry ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
The One

A new dosemeter based on a depleted Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor field effect transistor, sensitive to both neutrons and gamma radiation was manufactured at LAAS-CNRS Laboratory, Toulouse France. In order to be used for neutron dosimetry a thin film of lithium fluoride was deposited on the surface of the gate of the device. The characteristics of the dosemeter such as its response to neutron dose were investigated. The response in thermal neutrons was found to be high. In fast neutrons the response was lower than that of thermal neutrons but higher than the one presented in literature.

Emergence of Content-Agnostic Information Processing by a Robot Using Active Inference, Visual Attention, Working Memory, and Planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-55
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Frederic Queisser ◽  
Minju Jung ◽  
Takazumi Matsumoto ◽  
Jun Tani
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Goal State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract Generalization by learning is an essential cognitive competency for humans. For example, we can manipulate even unfamiliar objects and can generate mental images before enacting a preplan. How is this possible? Our study investigated this problem by revisiting our previous study (Jung, Matsumoto, & Tani, 2019), which examined the problem of vision-based, goal-directed planning by robots performing a task of block stacking. By extending the previous study, our work introduces a large network comprising dynamically interacting submodules, including visual working memory (VWMs), a visual attention module, and an executive network. The executive network predicts motor signals, visual images, and various controls for attention, as well as masking of visual information. The most significant difference from the previous study is that our current model contains an additional VWM. The entire network is trained by using predictive coding and an optimal visuomotor plan to achieve a given goal state is inferred using active inference. Results indicate that our current model performs significantly better than that used in Jung et al. (2019), especially when manipulating blocks with unlearned colors and textures. Simulation results revealed that the observed generalization was achieved because content-agnostic information processing developed through synergistic interaction between the second VWM and other modules during the course of learning, in which memorizing image contents and transforming them are dissociated. This letter verifies this claim by conducting both qualitative and quantitative analysis of simulation results.

scholarly journals Investigating the Influence of Shaft Balance Point on Clubhead Speed: A Simulation Study

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
William McNally ◽  
John McPhee
Keyword(s):  
Total Mass ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Golf Club ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Balance Point ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simulation Results

In this study, a dynamic golfer model was used to investigate the influence of the golf shaft’s balance point (i.e., center of mass) on the generation of clubhead speed. Three hypothetical shaft designs having different mass distributions, but the same total mass and stiffness, were proposed. The golfer model was then stochastically optimized 100 times using each shaft. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean clubhead speeds at impact (p < 0.001), where the clubhead speed increased as the balance point moved closer to the grip. When comparing the two shafts with the largest difference in balance point, a 1.6% increase in mean clubhead speed was observed for a change in balance point of 18.8 cm. The simulation results have implications for shaft design and demonstrate the usefulness of biomechanical models for capturing the complex physical interaction between the golfer and golf club.

The determination of the effectiveness of nuclear reactor control rods by means of exponential experiments

1962 ◽  
Vol 269 (1336) ◽  
pp. 66-79 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Natural Uranium ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Neutron Energy Spectrum ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
Critical System

The conditions under which an exponential assembly may be used to determine control rod effectiveness are considered. It is concluded that a necessary condition for measurements to be analysed by simple theory is that the neutron energy spectrum perturbation produced by the rod should not extend over the whole volume of the assembly: the unperturbed asymptotic spectrum should be regained within the pile. Experiments show this to be the case for the largest rod used in the present experiments. Neutron balance equations in two energy groups for a square subcritical assembly with a cylindrical absorber along the axis are outlined. Measurements made in a graphite-natural uranium exponential pile are presented for boron steel, cadmium and mild steel control elements, all in the form of circular tubes ranging from 0.625 to 3.375 in. outer diameter. The results are discussed in terms of thermal neutron extrapolation lengths derived from Kushneriuk & McKay (1954). They indicate that absorption of thermal neutrons accounts for some 80% of the total effect in the case of boron steel, a larger proportion for cadmium and almost the whole effect for mild steel. The effect of placing moderating materials in the centre of the rods is investigated. For boron steel and cadmium increases in effectiveness of up to 20% are observed with moderating inserts of a hydrogenous material, while graphite is found to produce no significant change. Hydrogenous inserts increase the effectiveness by up to 40% with mild steel rods, but the effect appears to be attributable mainly to absorption of thermal neutrons by the inserts, rather than to moderation of fast neutrons. The results show very good internal consistency, supporting the validity of the technique. The sensitivity of the method appears comparable with that of measurements on a critical system with a similar lattice.

Optimal Detection Sensitivities in Activation with Fast Neutrons from an 241Am-242Cm—Be Source

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Wing ◽  
Morris A. Wahlgren
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
Optimal Detection ◽  
Target Element ◽  
Product Nuclide ◽  
Short Product ◽  
Iodide Crystal

The detection sensitivities of 60 chemical elements in activation with the fast neutrons from an 241Am-242Cm—Be source have been measured. The source consisted of six slugs with a total output of 4.8X109 unmoderated neutrons/sec, and a flux of 1.4×108 fast neutrons/sec-cm2. In general, the sensitivity (counts in a selected photopeak per gram of target element) for each element was obtained with irradiation for two to three half-lives of the short product nuclide, and counting for the same length of time. Neither irradiation nor counting was longer than 1 h. The detector was a cylindrical thallium-activated sodium iodide crystal 10 cm long and 10 cm in diam. The measured sensitivities are compared with reported sensitivities in activation with thermal neutrons.

GEM-based detectors for thermal and fast neutrons

2015 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Croci ◽  
G. Claps ◽  
C. Cazzaniga ◽  
L. Foggetta ◽  
A. Muraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Thermal And Fast Neutrons
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