scholarly journals PSV-6 Effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 153-154
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Li ◽  
Yunhui Zhu ◽  
Michael Reese ◽  
Eric Buchanan ◽  
Lee Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Drinking Frequency ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress. Sows were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700h to 1900h) and 23.9°C (1900h to 0700h). Sows in one room (treatment), but not in the other room (control) were provided with chilled drinking water (13 to 15°C) and cooled floor pads (15 to 18°C). Behavior of sows (n=15 sows/treatment; parity=1 to 6) was video recorded during farrowing, and d 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed to register birth time of each piglet. Number of drinking bouts and duration of each bout were registered for 2 h (1530h to 1730h) each day after farrowing. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video-recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each day after farrowing, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix Procedure of SAS. No effect of treatment was detected for litter size born, farrowing duration, or birth interval (P >0.33; Table 1). Neither frequency nor duration of drinking bouts was affected by treatment (P >0.27). No significant difference was observed in time budget for each posture (P >0.46) between treatment and control groups. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (from 1.2 drinks/2h on d 1 to 4.9 drinks/2h on d 21; P< 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (8% to 14%; P< 0.0001), standing (4% to 10%; P< 0.001), and sitting (2% to 4%; P< 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (86% to 67%; P< 0.0001) in both control and treatment rooms. These results indicate that chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads did not affect behavior of sows during farrowing and lactation in the current study.

scholarly journals Effects of cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water on behavior and performance of lactating sows under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Zhu ◽  
L J Johnston ◽  
M H Reese ◽  
E S Buchanan ◽  
J E Tallaksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Drinking Frequency

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate whether cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water could alleviate negative impacts of heat stress on lactating sows. Thirty sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, Parity = 1 to 6) were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700–1900 hours) and 23.9°C (1900–0700 hours). Sows in one room (Cool), but not in the other room (Control) were provided cooled floor pads (21–22°C) and chilled drinking water (13–15°C). Behavior of sows (15 sows/treatment) was video recorded during farrowing, and days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed continuously to register the birth time of each piglet, from which total farrowing duration and birth intervals were calculated. The number of drinking bouts and the duration of each drinking bout were registered for each sow through viewing videos continuously for 2 h (1530–1730 hours) each video-recording day. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each video-recording day, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were measured for all sows the day before and after farrowing, and then once weekly. Sow and litter performance was recorded. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix procedure of SAS. The cooling treatment did not affect sow behavior or litter performance. Sows in the Cool room had lower rectal temperature (P = 0.03) and lower respiration rate (P < 0.001), consumed more feed (P = 0.03), tended to have reduced weight loss (P = 0.07), and backfat loss (P = 0.07) during lactation than sows in the Control room. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (P < 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (P < 0.0001), standing (P < 0.001), and sitting (P < 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (P < 0.0001) in both Cool and Control rooms. While cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water did not affect sow behavior, they did alleviate heat stress partially, as indicated by decreased rectal temperature, respiration rate, weight, and backfat loss, and increased feed intake in lactating sows.

scholarly journals 4 Effects of cooled floor pads and cooled drinking water on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 2-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Li ◽  
Maria Lou ◽  
Michael Reese ◽  
Eric Buchanan ◽  
Lee J Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Treatment Room ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Birth Time

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate whether cooled floor pads and cooled drinking water could alleviate negative impacts of heat stress on lactating sows. Sows (n = 32; parity=1 to 6) farrowed in individual stalls in two rooms. In the treatment room, a cooling pad (56 cm×56 cm×5 cm deep) was embedded in the floor of each stall where the sow’s shoulder or chest rested while lying. The pad and water in the drinker were cooled to about 16°C and 15°C, respectively. The control room was identical except cooling pads were not operating and drinking water was at room temperature. Room temperatures were controlled at 29.4°C (0700h to 1900h) and 23.9°C (1900h to 0700h) in both rooms. Sixteen focal sows (8 per room) were video-recorded during farrowing, and days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed continuously to register birth time of each piglet. Number of drinking bouts and duration of each bout were registered for 2 h (1530h to 1730h) each video-recording day. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Number of piglets born was used as a covariate for analysis of farrowing behaviors. No significant difference was detected for litter size born (14.1 for control vs. 15.1 piglet/litter for treatment, SE=1.33; P = 0.61), still birth (0.6 vs. 1.1 piglets/litter, SE=0.28; P = 0.31), or birth interval (14.6 vs. 14.8 min, SE=1.78; P = 0.95). Frequency of drinking bouts (2.8 for control vs. 4.2 drinks/2h for treatment, SE=0.50; P = 0.12) and duration of drinking bouts (10.5 vs. 12.0 sec/bout, SE=0.84; P = 0.21) were not affected by treatment across observation days. However, cooled sows reduced rectal temperature (39.3 vs. 39.6 °C, SE=0.11; P = 0.04) compared to control sows, suggesting cooled sows may have experienced less heat stress. These results indicate that cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water could be effective in reducing heat stress in lactating sows

Effect of heat stress for specific period on juvenile traits, feed efficiency and some heat stress parameters in different genetic groups of broilers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L.N. Reddy ◽  
K. S. Rajaravindra ◽  
U. Rajkumar ◽  
M. R. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Naked Neck ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
And Control ◽  
Stress Parameters

To evaluate the effect of heat stress an experiment was conducted in which one cross (PB-1X Naked neck), two pure lines ( PB-1 and Naked neck) and corresponding control populations were generated simultaneously on the same day.120 chicks in PB-1X Naked neck (Control 120), 91 chicks in Naked neck pure( Control 82) and 81 chicks in PB-1 pure ( Control 80)were generated. Temperatures were raised (up to 40°C) by providing the two halogen lamps in each of the heat stressed genetic groups from 4-6 weeks of age. Body weights were recorded at 0, 2,4, 6 and 7 weeks of age along with conformational traits like breast angle and shank length at 6 weeks of age. 2ml of blood was collected at 6weeks of age from all the 6 genetic groups (10 birds from each) to estimate the heat stress parameters. Feed efficiency was recorded at 6 weeks and 7 weeks of age. Significant differences were found for SOD, CAT, ALP and GPx between heat stressed and control genetic groups. Higher estimates were found in heat stressed genetic groups as compared to corresponding control groups. For juvenile body weights in stressful conditions there is significant difference between genetic groups. Lower juvenile body weights were recorded in heat stressed genetic groups as compared to control groups. Lower feed efficiency was recorded in heat stressed genetic groups as compared to corresponding control groups.

scholarly journals Managed Aquifer Recharge at a Farm Level: Evaluating the Performance of Direct Well Recharge Structures

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prahlad Soni ◽  
Yogita Dashora ◽  
Basant Maheshwari ◽  
Peter Dillon ◽  
Pradeep Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
Recharge Structures

A field study evaluated the performance of direct well recharge structures (DWRS) in order to harvest and filter farm runoff and its discharge into open dug wells to augment groundwater recharge. This was undertaken between 2016 and 2018 using a total of 11 wells in the Dharta watershed, situated in a semi-arid hardrock region of Udaipur district, Rajasthan, India. The depth to water level in each DWRS well was monitored weekly for 1 to 3 years before and after the DWRS was established, and water samples were taken for water quality analysis (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, fluoride, and Escherichia coli) before and during the monsoon period. For each DWRS well, two control wells in close proximity were also monitored and sampled. Five of the DWRS established in 2018 also had flow meters installed in order to measure discharge from the filter to the well. The volume of water recharged through DWRS into individual wells during the 2018 monsoon ranged from 2 to 176 m3 per well. Although the mean rise in water levels over the monsoon was higher in DWRS wells than in nearby control wells, the difference was not significant. Values of pH, EC, TDS, and F decreased in DWRS and control wells as each monsoon progressed, whereas the turbidity of wells with DWRS increased slightly. There was no significant difference between DWRS and control wells for pH, EC/TDS, turbidity, or fluoride. The presence of E. coli in DWRS wells was higher than in control wells, however, E. coli exceeded drinking water guidelines in all sampled wells. On the basis of this study, it is recommended that rural runoff should not be admitted to wells that are used for, or close to, wells used for drinking water supplies, even though salinity and fluoride concentrations may be reduced. For this study, none of the 11 DWRS wells produced sufficient additional recharge to potentially increase dry season irrigation supplies to justify expenditure on DWRS. This even applies to the DWRS well adjacent to a small ephemeral stream that had a significantly larger catchment area than those drawing on farmers’ fields alone. An important and unexpected finding of this study was that no sampled open dug well met drinking water standards. This has led to a shift in local priorities to implement well-head water quality protection measures for wells used for drinking water supplies. It is recommended that parapet walls be built around the perimeter of such dug wells, as well as having covers be installed.

scholarly journals Effect of Treatment with Ginger on the Severity of Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Khayat ◽  
Masoomeh Kheirkhah ◽  
Zahra Behboodi Moghadam ◽  
Hamed Fanaei ◽  
Amir Kasaeian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Record ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
And Control

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder. Although the etiology of PMS is not clear, to relieve from this syndrome different methods are recommended. One of them is use of medicinal herbs. This study was carried out to evaluate effects of ginger on severity of symptoms of PMS. This study was a clinical trial, double-blinded work, and participants were randomly allocated to intervention (n=35) and control (n=35) groups. To determine persons suffering from PMS, participants completed daily record scale questionnaire for two consecutive cycles. After identification, each participant received two ginger capsules daily from seven days before menstruation to three days after menstruation for three cycles and they recorded severity of the symptoms by daily record scale questionnaire. Data before intervention were compared with date 1, 2, and 3 months after intervention. Before intervention, there were no significant differences between the mean scores of PMS symptoms in the two groups, but after 1, 2, and 3 months of treatment, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.0001). Based on the results of this study, maybe ginger is effective in the reduction of severity of mood and physical and behavioral symptoms of PMS and we suggest ginger as treatment for PMS.

scholarly journals Performance and carcass of local rabbit (Lepus nigricollis) fed concentrate on different levels based on carrot leaf waste (Daucus carota L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Nuriyasa ◽  
E. Puspani ◽  
W. Sayang Yupardhi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Research about the performance of local rabbit fed different level of concentrate based on   Daucus carota L.was conducted for 12 weeks at Dajan Peken Village, Tabanan District, Tabanan Regency. The research design used was Randomized Block Design with 5 replicates. The animals were allocated randomly into 4 treatments i.e. control ration carrot leaf (Daucus  carota L.) (R0), control ration with 10 g concentrate/head/day (R1), control ration with 20 g  concentrate/head/day (R2) and control ration with 30 g concentrate/head/day (R3).  Daucus carota L. and drinking water offered ad libitum. Results of the research showed that performance of the animals fed control ration with 30 g concentrate/head/day (R3) was higher  (P < 0.05) than that R0 (control) and other treatments. Carcass weight, meat, and fat of the animals fed ration R0 was lower (P < 0.05) compare to treatment R1, R2, and R3. There was no significant difference (P >0.05) to variables of carcass weight, bone weight, and meat bone ratio among R0, R1, R2, and R3 percentages. It could be concluded that the animals fed Daucus carota L. as basic ration that was supplemented with concentrate 30 g/head/day produced higher performance and carcass compare to the animals supplemented 20 g/head/day and 10 g/head/day.

scholarly journals Sulfonamide Resistance in Chicken Coccidiosis: A Clinico-Pathological Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMAM Zonaed Siddiki ◽  
M Jahurul Karim ◽  
Emdadul Haque Chawdhury
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sulfonamide Resistance ◽  
And Control

Coccidiosis is a disease of great economic importance for the emerging poultry industry of Bangladesh. Sulfonamides have been used extensively for treatment and control of chicken coccidiosis. However, there have been complaints regarding failure of Esb3 ® (sodium sulfachloropyrazine monohydrate; Ciba-Geigy) in treating clinical coccidiosis. Therefore this study was undertaken to examine the degree of sulfonamide resistance of field coccidian isolates. Four groups of 12-day-old chicks were infected with 104 sporulated oocysts of four field coccidian isolates. Each group contains four subgroups containing 8 chicks in each subgroup, among which one subgroup remained as infected untreated control and another 3 subgroups were treated with 30% Esb3 ® @ 1 , 2, or 2.5 g/l of drinking water for 3 consecutive days. The sulfonamide resistance was assessed on the basis of faecal oocyst counts and clinico-pathological findings. There was no significant difference (p >0.05) in weight gain between untreated chicks and the chicks treated @ 1 and 2 g/l. However, a significantly higher (p <0.05) weight gains were noted in subgroups treated with Esb3 ® @ 2.5 g/l. Chicks received treated with 2 g/l Esb3 ® received similar clinical coccidiosis and histopathological changes but little less oocyst counts as found in untreated infected control chicks. Chicks treated with 2 g/l Esb3 ® did not reveal clinical coccidiosis and revealed no or very minimal oocyst counts during the treatment period. But on histopathology, arrested or stunted parasitic stages were found during the treatment period whereas flourish parasitic development with subacute-chronic ulcerative caecitis was evident following withdrawal of treatment. These findings suggest that the drug only cause an arrested parasitic development rather than killing the parasite. Therefore, an alternative to the sulfonamides needs to find out for treating and controlling chicken coccidiosis. Keywords: Chicken; Coccidiosis; Sulfonamide; ResistanceDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4860 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 60-64

IOP Lowering Effects of Ocimum basilicum Seed Extract in Two Rabbit Models of Ocular Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
SK Gupta ◽  
Sushma Srivastava ◽  
Rohit Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Ocimum basilicum (OB), a herb known for its antihypertensive, anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties was investigated for possible intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects in rabbits with ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: The IOP lowering effect of a single drop of OB extract (OBE) was evaluated in oculonormotensive rabbits using three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/v). The concentration showing maximum IOP reduction was further evaluated in rabbits with water-loading and steroid-induced OHT. Results: IOP lowering effect of OBE 0.5% in oculonormotensive rabbit eyes was significantly greater compared to OBE 0.25% (p<0.05) but was comparable (p>0.05) to OBE 1%. Therefore, 0.5% concentration was selected for further evaluation. Pretreatment with OBE (0.5%) caused significantly lower increase in IOP after water loading amounting to 23.39% above baseline as compared to 54.00% in control eye, 15 minutes post water loading. At 60 minutes, post water loading, mean IOP rise was 95.12% and 63.58% in control and test eyes, respectively. Significant difference between the mean IOP of two eyes persisted during the 2nd hr. In rabbits with steroid induced OHT, OBE 0.5% produced a mean IOP reduction of 24.73% at the end of first hr and the mean peak IOP reduction of 31.63% was observed at the end of 2 hr. A significant difference between the IOP of test and control eyes persisted from 1 to 6 hr. Conclusions: Ocimum basilicum seed extract showed significant IOP lowering effect in rabbits with water loading and steroid induced OHT, however, its utility as an effective antiglaucoma medication needs further investigations.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

Effects of Time and Perceptual Orientation on Actors' and Observers' Attributions

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Donald S. Martin ◽  
Ming-Shiunn Huang
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perceptual Orientation ◽  
Initial Difference ◽  
Variety Show ◽  
And Control ◽  
Unrelated Variety

The actor/observer effect was examined by Storms in a 1973 study which manipulated perceptual orientation using video recordings. Storms' study was complex and some of his results equivocal. The present study attempted to recreate the perceptual reorientation effect using a simplified experimental design and an initial difference between actors and observers which was the reverse of the original effect. Female undergraduates performed a motor co-ordination task as actors while watched by observers. Each person made attributions for the actor's behaviour before and after watching a video recording of the performance. For a control group the video recording was of an unrelated variety show excerpt. Actors' initial attributions were less situational than observers'. Both actors and observers became more situational after the video replay but this effect occurred in both experimental and control groups. It was suggested the passage of time between first and second recording of attributions could account for the findings and care should be taken when interpreting Storms' (1973) study and others which did not adequately control for temporal effects.

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