scholarly journals MERCURY REDUCTASE ACTIVITY OF AN INDIGENOUS MERCURY RESISTANT BACTERIAL ISOLATE (Bacillus sp. S1) FROM KALIMAS-SURABAYA AS A POTENTIAL REDUCING AGENT FOR MERCURIAL ION (HG2+)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enny Zulaika ◽  
Langkah Sembiring

<p>Mercury reductase activity and Hg2+ lowering capacity of a Mercury Resistant Bacteria (MRB) (Bacillus sp. S1) which was isolated from Kalimas River of Surabaya, Indonesia were studied. The activity was determined by Mercury Reductase Assay System (MRAS) in a solution mixture contained 50 mM PBS (pH ± 7.0), 0.5 mM EDTA, 200 µM MgSO4, 0.1% (v/v) ß-merchaptoethanol, 200 µM NADH2 and 25 mg/L HgCl2 and one volume of crude extract incubated at room temperature for various interval period of time. Mercury reductase activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. One unit of reductase activity was defined as one molar of oxidized NADH2 produced per total cell per minute. Results of study showed that, the isolate could resist the concentration of HgCl2 up to 11 mg/L. At 30 minute incubation period at room temperature, the highest mercury reductase activity and the Hg2+ lowering capacity was found to be 0.006 unit/109cell and <br />1.48 mg/L/109cell/minute, respectively with the reduction efficiency of Hg2+ to Hg0 of 0.18% per minute. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Bacillus sp. S1 isolate could be assumed to be exellent mercury bioremediation agent since it was found to be highly mercury resistant and very efficient to reduce cationic mercury (Hg2+) to elemental mercury (Hg0). </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Kalimas-Surabaya, Bacillus sp. S1, Mercury resistant, Mercury reductase</p>

Molekul ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Purkan Purkan ◽  
Yuliana Firdausi Nuzulla ◽  
Sofijan Hadi ◽  
Endang Triwahyu Prasetyawati

Mercuric reductase is the important enzyme which catalyzes a reduction of a toxic Hg2+ to non-toxic Hg0. The enzyme which has been potentially used as mercury bioremediation agent is produced by mercury resistant bacteria. These research aims are to determinate the resistance level of a local Bacillus sp to HgCl2 in media, to determine the mercuric reductase activity from the bacteria, and to determine the biochemical properties of the mercuric reductase. The Bacillus sp was grown in the Nutrient Broth media with various of  0; 20; 40; 60; 120; and 160 µM HgCl2 to know the response of the bacteria against mercury, The cell growth of Bacillus sp was measured by optical density (OD) method of at λ 600 nm. The mercuric reductase activity was assayed in the solution of MRA (Mercury Reductase Assay), then the oxidized NADPH was observed by the spectrophotometry method at λ340 nm. The result showed that the Bacillus sp has been resistant to media containing mercury at 120 µM, but the microbial growth was decreased by 50% in media containing mercury 80 µM. The Bacillus sp could produce highly the mercuric reductase enzyme at 16 hours of growth time with enzyme activity as 0.574 Unit/µg. The mercuric reductase from the bacteria has an  optimum activity at pH 6 and temperature 37 °C


Molekul ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Purkan Purkan ◽  
Safita Nurmalyya ◽  
Sofijan Hadi

Mercury reductase is an enzyme that is able to reduce Hg2+ to Hg0 non toxic. This enzyme is usually produced by mercury resistant bacteria. The research wanted to determine the resistance of indigenous Pseudomonas stutzeri isolate toward mercury and to explore the mercury reductase activity which is produced by the bacteria. The results of resistance assay of the Pseudomonas stutzeri toward mercury ion showed that the isolate could survive in media containing HgCl2 up to a concentration of 80 µM. The bacteria could produce mercury reductase optimally at the 24th of fermentation time. The enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 7 and temperature of 45 oC


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Kanzil ◽  
Fatimawali . ◽  
Aaltje Manampiring

Abstract: Mercury is a toxic heavy metal that is used for dental fillings in the form of amalgam. To reduce the toxic effects produced by mercury, mercury resistant bacteria can be used. Bacillus sp is a gram-positive bacteria that is resistant to mercury. Besides having the mer operon genes that can transform Hg2+ to Hg0 that is less toxic, Bacillus sp bacteria also produce esterase that cause these bacteria resistant to erythromycin antibiotic. Erythromycin is a macrolide class of antibiotic used for the treatment of diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus and Diphtheroids. To determine the resistance of Bacillus sp bacteria against mercury and erythromycin antibiotic. This study used a descriptive exploratory method with samples of bacteria and mercury are already available in the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology. Based on the research that has been conducted, showed that the Bacillus sp bacteria is resistant to mercury and erythromycin.Keywords: bacteria, bacillus sp, resistant, mercury, erythromycinAbstrak: Merkuri merupakan logam berat bersifat toksik yang digunakan untuk penambalan gigi dalam bentuk amalgam. Untuk mengurangi efek toksik yang dihasilkan oleh merkuri, dapat digunakan bakteri resisten merkuri. Bakteri Bacillus sp merupakan bakteri gram positif yang resisten terhadap merkuri. Selain memiliki gen mer operon yang dapat mengubah Hg2+ menjadi Hg0 yang kurang toksik, bakteri Bacillus sp juga membentuk esterase yang menyebabkan terjadinya resisten bakteri ini terhadap antibiotik eritromisin. Eritromisin adalah antibiotik golongan makrolid yang digunakan untuk pengobatan penyakit akibat bakteri Gram positif khususnya Staphylococcus dan Diphtheroids. Untuk mengetahui resistensi bakteri Bacillus sp terhadap merkuri dan antibiotik eritromisin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif dengan sampel bakteri dan merkuri yang sudah tersedia di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Farmasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh bahwa bakteri Bacillus sp resisten terhadap merkuri dan eritromisin.Kata Kunci: bakteri, bacillus sp, resisten, merkuri, eritromisin


2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefry Hamonangan Hinonaung

Abstract: Mercury is a silver liquid element at room temperature. Mercury form a variety of both inorganic and organic compounds. Mercury that goes into the sea, there is evaporated back into the atmosphere and fall to the ground experiencing methylation. Mercury in water can undergo methylation area with the help of the sulfate reducing bacteria and iron. Not only mercury from only rainwater but sediment mercury in the bottom waters can also be converted into methyl mercury. MeHg is harmful to humans, because it will accumulate MeHg in plankton or microorganisms. Then the plankton and microorganisms will be eaten by predators higher up the food chain in consumption by humans. This tudy aims to determine determine mercury resistant bacteria found in individuals in the coastal areas. The study design was a descriptive exploratory method. Samples taken in this study was a colony of mercury -resistant bacteria in tartar, urine and feces. Specimens were obtained put in a sterile pot and immediately brought to the biology laboratory in the MIPA Unsrat Manado Faculty to the identification of mercury -resistant bacteria and test. Isolation of mercury resistant bacterial isolates in 3 samples, obtained 6 isolates. Then test to identify bacteria with morphological, physiological testing, and biochemical testing. Results of a study found four genus of bacteria. Keywords: Mercury , Mercury Resistant Bacteria , Tartar , Urine , Feces     Abstrak:Merkuri merupakan suatu unsur berbentuk cair keperakan pada suhukamar. Merkuri membentuk berbagai persenyawaan baik anorganikmaupun organik. Merkuri yang masuk ke dalam laut, ada yang menguap kembali ke atmosfir dan jatuh ke tanah mengalami metilisasi. Merkuri dalam daerah perairan dapat mengalami metilisasi dengan bantuan bakteri pereduksi sulfat dan besi. Tidak hanya merkuri dari air hujan saja tetapi sedimen merkuri di dasar perairan juga dapat diubah menjadi metil merkuri. MeHg ini berbahaya bagi manusia, karena MeHg ini akan terakumulasi dalam plankton atau mikroorganisme. Kemudian plankton dan mikroorganisme ini akan di makan oleh predator yang lebih tinggi lagi dalam rantai makanan hingga di konsumsi oleh manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui bakteri resisten merkuri yang terdapat pada individu di daerah pesisir pantai. Desain penelitian adalah metode deskriptif eksploratif. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah koloni bakteri resisten merkuri pada karang gigi, urin dan feses. Spesimen yang didapatkan dimasukkan ke dalam pot steril dan segera di bawa ke laboratoriumbiologi Fakultas MIPA Unsrat Manado untuk dilakukan identifikasi bakteri dan uji resisten merkuri. Isolasi isolat bakteri resisten merkuri pada 3 sampel, diperoleh 6 isolat. Kemudian dilakukan identifikasi bakteri dengan uji morfologi, uji fisiologi, dan uji biokimia. Hasil peneltian ditemukan 4 genus bakteri. Kata kunci: Merkuri, Bakteri Resisten Merkuri, Karang gigi, Urin, Feses


2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maichel Yorgen

Abstract: Mercury is one of kinds of hazardous metals which is highly found in nature and spread in rocklike, ore, soil, water, and air as the inorganic and organic compounds. The metal of mercury is dangerous to human’s life because it can cause the substantially clinical manifestations started from being poisoned, nerve palsy and even cause death. One of attempts to mercury detoxification can be done by using mercury-resistant microorganism such as mercury-resistant bacteria. That would happen if the mercury spread inside the human’s body with small value in a very chronic time can make the bacteria inside the human’s body to be able to adapt even able to reduce mercury so that it becomes harmless. The research aims to identify the kind of bacteria that resists to mercury, in this case, to the kind of mercury HgCl2 and Phenyl Mercury found on tartar, urine, and feses upon the individual in Pakadoodan Village of Bitung City by using the way to check the value of bacteria resistance to mercury, afterwards the Physiology test, Biochemical, and Morphology is done to identify the kind of that bacteria. From the research result done there are 4 genus of bacteria which was successfully identified, those are, Streptococcus sp, E.Coli, Bacillus sp, and Staphylococcus sp. By the classification HgCl2 is the bacteria with the genus of     Bacillus sp which is found in urine, feses and tartar, and Staphylococcus sp which is found also in urine with the resistance level of 40 ppm each and phenyl mercury is the bacteria with the genus of Streptococcus sp, which is found in tartar and E.Coli which is found in feses and urine with the resistance level 20 ppm each. Keywords: mercury, bacteria, mercury-resistant bacteria Abstrak: Merkuri adalah salah satu jenis logam berbahaya yang banyak ditemukan di alam dan tersebar dalam batu - batuan, biji tambang, tanah, air dan udara sebagai senyawa anorganik dan organik. Logam merkuri sangat berbahaya terhadap kehidupan manusia karena dapat memberikan manifestasi klinik yang cukup bermakna mulai dari keracunan, kelumpuhan saraf bahkan dapat meneyebabkan kematian. Salah satu usaha untuk detoksifikasi merkuri dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroorganisme resisten merkuri seperti bakteri resisten merkuri. Hal itu dapat terjadi jika merkuri yang terpapar dalam tubuh manusia dengan kadar yang kecil dalam waktu yang sangat kronis dapat membuat bakteri dalam tubuh manusia tersebut dapat beradaptasi bahkan dapat mampu meruduksi merkuri tersebut sehingga menjadi tidak berbahaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri dalam hal ini terhadap jenis merkuri HgCl2 dan fenil merkuri yang terdapat pada karang gigi, urin dan feses pada individu kelurahan Pakadoodan Kota Bitung dengan cara memeriksa kadar resisten bakteri tersebut terhadap merkuri, setelah itu dilakukan uji fisiologi, uji biokimia dan uji morfolgi untuk mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri tersebut.  Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terdapat 4 genus bakteri yang berhasil diidentifikasi yaitu Streptococcus sp, E.coli, Bacillus sp, dan Staphylococcus sp. Dengan klasifikasi HgCl2 adalah bakteri dengan genus Bacillus sp yang terdapat pada urin, feses dan karang gigi, dan Staphylococcus sp yang terdapat juga pada urin dengan tingkat resistensi masing-masing 40 ppm dan fenil merkuri adalah bakteri dengan genus Streptococcus sp, yang terdapat pada karang gigi dan E.coli yang terdapat pada feses dan urin dengan tingkat resistensi masing-masing 20 ppm. Kata kunci: merkuri, bakteri, bakteri resisten merkuri


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla R. Lumanto ◽  
Aaltje Manampiring ◽  
Fona Budiarso

Abstract: Mercury toxic effects could be reduced by the presence of mercury resistant microorganisms, such as mercury resistant bacteria. These bacteria possess mercury resistant gene, the operon mere gene. Resistance could also occur through genes that code mercury resistant characteristics and of other heavy metal compounds that generally located within the plasmid. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of bacteria in dental plaque and urine that were resistant to mercury. This was a descriptive prospective study with a cross-sectional design. Isolation and identification of the bacteria were conducted at Microbiology Laboratory of Pharmacy Department, Sam Ratulangi University. The results obtained bacteria of Bacillus sp. which were sensitive to antibiotics ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and doxycyclin. Conclusion: Mercury resistent bacteria in dental plaque and urine were sensitive to antibiotics ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and doxycyclin.Keywords: mercury resistent bacteria, dental plaque, urine Abstrak: Toksisitas merkuri dapat berkurang oleh adanya mikroorganisme resisten merkuri, misalnya bakteri resisten merkuri. Hal ini terjadi karena bakteri memiliki gen yang resisten terhadap merkuri, yaitu gen operon mer. Resistensi juga dapat melalui gen yang mengkode sifat resisten terhadap merkuri dan senyawa logam berat lainnya yang umumnya terletak pada plasmid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran bakteri dari plak gigi dan urin yang resistensi terhadap merkuri. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif prospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri dari plak gigi dan urin yang resisten terhadap merkuri dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Farmasi FMIPA Unsrat. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bakteri dari sampel gigi dan urine ialah bakteri Bacillus sp. yang sensitif terhadap antibiotik siprofloksasin, eritromisin, dan doksisiklin. Simpulan: Bakteri resisten terhadap merkuri dalam sampel plak gigi dan urin ialah Bacillus sp. yang sensitif terhadap antibiotik siprofloksasin, eritromisin, dan doksisiklin.Kata kunci: bakteri resisten merkuri, plak gigi, urin


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christofel A.N. Tanumihardja ◽  
Billy Kepel ◽  
Widhi Bodhi

Abstract: Amalgam is a popular dental filling due to its cheaper price than other dental fillings. Basically, amalgam is an alloy, consists of two or more metals; one of them is mercury. The unfavorable thing about this alloy is that its vapor in the oral cavity can trigger the development of mercury-resistant bacteria. This type of bacteria has an enzyme called mercury reductase that can reduce Hg2+ to Hg0. 16SsRNA is a gene that contains important information to describe the prokaryotic type. This study was aimed to identify the type of mercury-resistant bacteria from dental plaque of patients with amalgam fillings. Samples were taken from the dental plaques. Isolation of DNA, sequensing of 16SsRNA gene by using PCR, and online BLAST through GenBank NCBI, and finally looking for the closest relative using a phylogenetic tree were performed in the Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Science. The result of BLAST showed 4 types of bacteria, and the closest relative is B. thuringiensis. Conclusion: The type of mercury-resistant bacteria found in dental plaques was Bacillus thuringiensis.Keyword: amalgam, mercury resistant bacteria, dental plaques, 16SsRNA, PCR Abstrak: Amalgam adalah suatu logam campuran yang terdiri dari dua atau beberapa logam yang salah satunya adalah merkuri atau air raksa. Amalgam sebagai bahan tumpatan sampai saat ini masih banyak digunakan oleh dokter gigi karena harganya yang relatif murah. Namun penggunaan amalgam ini dapat melepaskan uap merkuri selama berada di dalam rongga mulut. Penggunaan amalgam ini memicu munculnya bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri dimana bakteri dapat mereduksi Hg2+ menjadi Hg0 melalui enzim yang menginduksi merkuri reduktase. 16SsRNA adalah gen yang menampung informasi-informasi penting agar mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis prokariotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri resisten merkuri pada plak gigi pasien pengguna tumpatan amalgam menggunakan metode PCR. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observatif. Sampel diambil dari plak gigi pasien pengguna tumpatan amalgam di Laboratorium Farmasi Fakultas MIPA. Dilakukan langkah-langkah untuk isolasi DNA, sekuensing gen 16SsRNA menggunakan PCR, kemudian dilakukan BLAST secara online melalui GenBank NCBI lalu dicari kekerabatannya menggunakan pohon filogenetik. Hasil BLAST mendapatkan 4 jenis bakteri, dan kekerabatan terdekatnya ialah Bacillus thuringiensis. Simpulan: Jenis bakteri resisten terhadap merkuri pada plak gigi ialah Bacillus thuringiensis.Kata kunci: amalgam, bakteri resisten merkuri, plak gigi, 16SsRNA, PCR


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia V.F. Bahter ◽  
Billy J. Kepel ◽  
Fatimawali .

Abstract: Metal is very important for human life, albeit, some of them have toxic effects. Mercury is a heavy metal with a high toxicity level. In the field of dentistry, mercury is used as an ingredient of amalgam. The use of amalgam apparently triggers resistant bacteria due to continuous release of mercury since the usage of condensing amalgam in the tooth. This study was aimed to determine whether there were mercury-resistant bacteria in the urine of patients who had amalgam-filling tooth at Puskesmas Tuminting (primary health care) and to identify the types of mercury-resistant bacteria. This was a descriptive exploratory study using urine samples of patients in dental clinic with amalgam fillings minimal for 6 months. The results obtained 30 isolates of mercury-resistant bacteria with 6 genera of bacteria resistant to mercury, as follows: Klebsiella sp, Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Hafnia sp, Enterobacter sp, and Eubacteria sp. Conclusion: There were mercury-resistant bacteria in the urine of patients with amalgam-filling teeth in the Dental Clinic of Puskesmas Tuminting.Keywords: amalgam, mercury-resistant bacteria  Abstrak: Logam sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia. Walaupun demikian beberapa jenis logam memiliki efek toksik, salah satunya ialah merkuri. Merkuri tergolong logam berat dengan tingkat toksisitas yang tinggi. Dalam bidang kedokteran gigi, merkuri digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan campuran amalgam. Penggunaan amalgam ternyata memicu bakteri resisten merkuri dikarenakan pelepasan Hg secara terus menerus sejak dilakukan kondensasi amalgam di dalam mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat bakteri resisten merkuri dalam urin pasien yang menggunakan amalgam di Puskesmas Tuminting dan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri resisten merkuri yang ditemukan. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif eksploratif. Sampel penelitian ialah urin pasien di Poli Gigi dengan tumpatan amalgam minimal 6 bulan. Hasil penelitian menapatkan dari 30 isolat bakteri resisten merkuri terdapat 6 genus bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri, yaitu: Klebsiella sp, Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Hafnia sp, Enterobacter sp, dan Eubacteria sp. Simpulan: Terdapat bakteri resisten merkuri dalam urin pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam merkuri di Poli Gigi Puskesmas Tuminting.Kata kunci: amalgam, bakteri resisten merkuri


2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devianitta Sarapi ◽  
Fatimawali . ◽  
Fona Budiarso

Abstract: Mercury is a metal that is very harmful for health human and the environment if not properly mercury polluted sea water can be exposed to humans especially those living in coastal areas with high consumption of marine products. Mercury pollution in the ocean triggered a mercury-resistant bacteria therefore researchers are interested in finding out if the bacteria are resistant to mercury in urine, feces, and tartar. Research design is fashion descriptive explorative. Samples taken in this study is urine, feces, and tartar on individuals who have settled more than 30 years in the rural coastal districts Pulisan, Likupang eastern district north Minahasa regency then tested in morphology, physiology and biochemistry at the FMIPA Sam Ratulangi University Sam Ratulangi biotechnology lab. Result of the study showed the presence of mercury-resistant bacteria in samples taken were found proved by mercury resistant bacteria 4 of 6 isolates that survive up to 40 ppm and 20 ppm in HgCl2 on Phenyl mercury is Bacillus sp, E.coli, Streptococcus sp, and Staphylococcus sp. Keywords: Mercury, mercury resistant bacteria.     Abstrak: Merkuri merupakan logam yang sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan, jika tidak diolah dengan baik. Merkuri tercemar pada air laut dapat terpapar pada manusia terlebih yang tinggal didaerah pesisir pantai dengan konsumsi hasil laut yang tinggi. Adanya pencemaran merkuri di laut memicu munculnya bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri. Oleh karena itu peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui adakah bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri dalam urine, feses, dan karang gigi. Desain penelitian adalah metode deskriptif eksploratif. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah urine, feses, dan karang gigi pada individu yang telah menetap lebih dari 30 tahun di daerah pesisir pantai Desa Pulisan Kecamatan Likupang Timur Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Kemudian diuji secara morfologi, fisiologi, dan biokimia dilaboratorium bioteknologi FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya bakteri resisten merkuri pada sampel yang diambil. Terbukti dengan ditemukan 4 bakteri resisten merkuri dari 6 isolat yang bertahan sampai 40 ppm pada HgCl2 dan 20 ppm pada Fenil merkuri, yaitu: Bacillus sp, E.coli, Streptococcus sp, dan Staphylococcus sp. Kata Kunci: Merkuri, bakteri resisten merkuri.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geby V. Wardalina

Abstract: Amalgam is an ingredient for filling the affected tooth caries. It is a special mixture of metals containing mercury. Mercury is a natural heavy metal that has bad impact on human health. Mercury in amalgam can be released into the oral cavity and absorbed via the digestive tract, and then excreted via urine and feces. This study aimed to obtain the bacteria which were resistant to mercury in feces. This was a descriptive explorative study. Samples were taken from the stool of three patients with amalgam fillings at Dental Clinic Primary Health Center Bahu. The three patients had used amalgam fillings at least 5 years. Samples were tested morphologically, physiologically, and biochemically at the Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. The results showed that there were 2 genus of mercury-resistant bacteria at mercury concentration of 40 ppm, namely Bacillus sp and Escherichia coli.Keywords: Amalgam, bacteria, feces, mercury Abstrak: Amalgam merupakan bahan untuk merestorasi gigi yang terkena karies. Amalagam adalah jenis logam campur khusus yang mengandung merkuri. Merkuri merupakan logam berat alamiah yang bisa berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan manusia. Merkuri pada amalgam bisa terlepas ke kavum oris, diabsorpsi ke dalam saluran pencernaan, lalu diekskresikan melalui urine dan feses. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri dalam feses pada pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif eksploratif. Sampel feses diambil dari 3 pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam di Poli Gigi Puskesmas Bahu yang telah menggunakan tumpatan amalgam minimal 5 tahun kemudian diuji secara morfologik, fisiologik, dan biokimia di Laboratorium Bioteknologi FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 2 genus bakteri resisten merkuri yang bertahan sampai konsentrasi merkuri 40 ppm, yaitu Bacillus sp dan E. Coli Kata kunci: amalgam, bakteri, feses, merkuri


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