scholarly journals UJI RESISTENSI BAKTERI BACILLUS SP YANG DIISOLASI DARI PLAK GIGI TERHADAP MERKURI DAN ERITROMISIN

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Kanzil ◽  
Fatimawali . ◽  
Aaltje Manampiring
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Mer Operon ◽  
Dental Fillings ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Mercury Resistant Bacteria

Abstract: Mercury is a toxic heavy metal that is used for dental fillings in the form of amalgam. To reduce the toxic effects produced by mercury, mercury resistant bacteria can be used. Bacillus sp is a gram-positive bacteria that is resistant to mercury. Besides having the mer operon genes that can transform Hg2+ to Hg0 that is less toxic, Bacillus sp bacteria also produce esterase that cause these bacteria resistant to erythromycin antibiotic. Erythromycin is a macrolide class of antibiotic used for the treatment of diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus and Diphtheroids. To determine the resistance of Bacillus sp bacteria against mercury and erythromycin antibiotic. This study used a descriptive exploratory method with samples of bacteria and mercury are already available in the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology. Based on the research that has been conducted, showed that the Bacillus sp bacteria is resistant to mercury and erythromycin.Keywords: bacteria, bacillus sp, resistant, mercury, erythromycinAbstrak: Merkuri merupakan logam berat bersifat toksik yang digunakan untuk penambalan gigi dalam bentuk amalgam. Untuk mengurangi efek toksik yang dihasilkan oleh merkuri, dapat digunakan bakteri resisten merkuri. Bakteri Bacillus sp merupakan bakteri gram positif yang resisten terhadap merkuri. Selain memiliki gen mer operon yang dapat mengubah Hg2+ menjadi Hg0 yang kurang toksik, bakteri Bacillus sp juga membentuk esterase yang menyebabkan terjadinya resisten bakteri ini terhadap antibiotik eritromisin. Eritromisin adalah antibiotik golongan makrolid yang digunakan untuk pengobatan penyakit akibat bakteri Gram positif khususnya Staphylococcus dan Diphtheroids. Untuk mengetahui resistensi bakteri Bacillus sp terhadap merkuri dan antibiotik eritromisin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif dengan sampel bakteri dan merkuri yang sudah tersedia di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Farmasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh bahwa bakteri Bacillus sp resisten terhadap merkuri dan eritromisin.Kata Kunci: bakteri, bacillus sp, resisten, merkuri, eritromisin

scholarly journals Bakteri resisten merkuri pada feses pasien tumpatan amalgam di Poli Gigi Puskesmas Bahu Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geby V. Wardalina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Primary Health Center ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Mercury Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Amalgam Fillings

Abstract: Amalgam is an ingredient for filling the affected tooth caries. It is a special mixture of metals containing mercury. Mercury is a natural heavy metal that has bad impact on human health. Mercury in amalgam can be released into the oral cavity and absorbed via the digestive tract, and then excreted via urine and feces. This study aimed to obtain the bacteria which were resistant to mercury in feces. This was a descriptive explorative study. Samples were taken from the stool of three patients with amalgam fillings at Dental Clinic Primary Health Center Bahu. The three patients had used amalgam fillings at least 5 years. Samples were tested morphologically, physiologically, and biochemically at the Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. The results showed that there were 2 genus of mercury-resistant bacteria at mercury concentration of 40 ppm, namely Bacillus sp and Escherichia coli.Keywords: Amalgam, bacteria, feces, mercury Abstrak: Amalgam merupakan bahan untuk merestorasi gigi yang terkena karies. Amalagam adalah jenis logam campur khusus yang mengandung merkuri. Merkuri merupakan logam berat alamiah yang bisa berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan manusia. Merkuri pada amalgam bisa terlepas ke kavum oris, diabsorpsi ke dalam saluran pencernaan, lalu diekskresikan melalui urine dan feses. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri dalam feses pada pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif eksploratif. Sampel feses diambil dari 3 pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam di Poli Gigi Puskesmas Bahu yang telah menggunakan tumpatan amalgam minimal 5 tahun kemudian diuji secara morfologik, fisiologik, dan biokimia di Laboratorium Bioteknologi FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 2 genus bakteri resisten merkuri yang bertahan sampai konsentrasi merkuri 40 ppm, yaitu Bacillus sp dan E. Coli Kata kunci: amalgam, bakteri, feses, merkuri

scholarly journals Sarconesin II, a New Antimicrobial Peptide Isolated from Sarconesiopsis magellanica Excretions and Secretions

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Díaz-Roa ◽  
Abraham Espinoza-Culupú ◽  
Orlando Torres-García ◽  
Monamaris M. Borges ◽  
Ivan N. Avino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Conserved Domain ◽  
Health Institutions

Antibiotic resistance is at dangerous levels and increasing worldwide. The search for new antimicrobial drugs to counteract this problem is a priority for health institutions and organizations, both globally and in individual countries. Sarconesiopsis magellanica blowfly larval excretions and secretions (ES) are an important source for isolating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This study aims to identify and characterize a new S. magellanica AMP. RP-HPLC was used to fractionate ES, using C18 columns, and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. The peptide sequence of the fraction collected at 43.7 min was determined by mass spectrometry (MS). Fluorescence and electronic microscopy were used to evaluate the mechanism of action. Toxicity was tested on HeLa cells and human erythrocytes; physicochemical properties were evaluated. The molecule in the ES was characterized as sarconesin II and it showed activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli MG1655, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, P. aeruginosa PA14) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Micrococcus luteus A270) bacteria. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration obtained was 1.9 μM for M. luteus A270; the AMP had no toxicity in any cells tested here and its action in bacterial membrane and DNA was confirmed. Sarconesin II was documented as a conserved domain of the ATP synthase protein belonging to the Fli-1 superfamily. The data reported here indicated that peptides could be alternative therapeutic candidates for use in infections against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and eventually as a new resource of compounds for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Resistance of Gram-Positive Bacteria to Current Antibacterial Agents and Overcoming Approaches

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buthaina Jubeh ◽  
Zeinab Breijyeh ◽  
Rafik Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

The discovery of antibiotics has created a turning point in medical interventions to pathogenic infections, but unfortunately, each discovery was consistently followed by the emergence of resistance. The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria has generated a great challenge to treat infections caused by bacteria with the available antibiotics. Today, research is active in finding new treatments for multidrug-resistant pathogens. In a step to guide the efforts, the WHO has published a list of the most dangerous bacteria that are resistant to current treatments and requires the development of new antibiotics for combating the resistance. Among the list are various Gram-positive bacteria that are responsible for serious healthcare and community-associated infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae are of particular concern. The resistance of bacteria is an evolving phenomenon that arises from genetic mutations and/or acquired genomes. Thus, antimicrobial resistance demands continuous efforts to create strategies to combat this problem and optimize the use of antibiotics. This article aims to provide a review of the most critical resistant Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, their mechanisms of resistance, and the new treatments and approaches reported to circumvent this problem.

scholarly journals Auranofin exerts broad-spectrum bactericidal activities by targeting thiol-redox homeostasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (14) ◽  
pp. 4453-4458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Harbut ◽  
Catherine Vilchèze ◽  
Xiaozhou Luo ◽  
Mary E. Hensler ◽  
Hui Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Bactericidal Activities ◽  
Orally Bioavailable ◽  
Thiol Redox

Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a rising public health threat and make the identification of new antibiotics a priority. From a cell-based screen for bactericidal compounds againstMycobacterium tuberculosisunder nutrient-deprivation conditions we identified auranofin, an orally bioavailable FDA-approved antirheumatic drug, as having potent bactericidal activities against both replicating and nonreplicatingM. tuberculosis. We also found that auranofin is active against other Gram-positive bacteria, includingBacillus subtilisandEnterococcus faecalis, and drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains ofEnterococcus faeciumandStaphylococcus aureus. Our biochemical studies showed that auranofin inhibits the bacterial thioredoxin reductase, a protein essential in many Gram-positive bacteria for maintaining the thiol-redox balance and protecting against reactive oxidative species. Auranofin decreases the reducing capacity of target bacteria, thereby sensitizing them to oxidative stress. Finally, auranofin was efficacious in a murine model of methicillin-resistantS. aureusinfection. These results suggest that the thioredoxin-mediated redox cascade of Gram-positive pathogens is a valid target for the development of antibacterial drugs, and that the existing clinical agent auranofin may be repurposed to aid in the treatment of several important antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Zinc (Zn) Resistant Bacteria in Banger River, Pekalongan, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-628
Author(s):  
Fitri Arum Sasi ◽  
Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum ◽  
Anto Budiharjo
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Sequences Analysis

Indigenous bacteria are able to remove the metals contamination in environment. This study aimed to assess the resistance of bacterial species to Zinc (Zn) in Banger River, Pekalongan City. The bacteria from three different parts of Banger River were isolated and inoculated in Zn-selective medium. Then, molecular identification to determine the bacteria species was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by applying forward-reverse 16SrRNA gene primers. The sequences analysis was conducted using MUSCLE and MEGA6. There were seven dominant species that possibly resistant to Zn. Approximately, every isolate could reach more than 95 % from 2000 ppm of Zn in the medium. The higher absorption of Zn was found in Z5 isolate. The seven bacteria species were clustered into nine genera i.e. Klebsiela, Xenorhabdus, Cronobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Shigella and Sporomusa known as Gram Negative bacteria and Clostridium and Bacillus as Gram Positive bacteria. In Gram Positive bacteria, especially Bacillus sp, carboxyl group in peptidoglycan play a role as metal binder. In Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is highly anionic component on the outer membrane, able to catch the Zn. Besides that, Enterobacter activates endogen antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The research found there was possible seven novel indigenous bacteria species in Banger that able to remove Zn from the sediment extremely. This finding can be developed as an eco-friendly approach to reduce metals pollution using local microorganisms.

scholarly journals Incidence and Bacterial Etiologies of Surgical Site Infections in a Public Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-307
Author(s):  
Alem A. Kalayu ◽  
Ketema Diriba ◽  
Chuchu Girma ◽  
Eman Abdella
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are among the frequently reported healthcare-acquired infections worldwide. Successful treatment of SSIs is affected by the continuous evolvement of drug-resistant microbes. This study investigated the incidence of SSIs, identifying the major etiologic agents and their drug resistance patterns in Yekatit 12 Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 649 patients who underwent surgery at Yekatit 12 hospital from April 2016 to April 2017. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected from each patient on admission. After surgery, they were followed for SSI occurrence. SSI was initially diagnosed by a senior surgeon based on standard clinical criteria and then confirmed by culture. Isolates were tested for drug resistance according to the clinical and laboratory standards institute guideline. Results: Of the 649 study participants, 56% were females. Their age ranged from 9 months to 88 years with a median age of 37 years. The incidence of culture-confirmed SSI was 10.2% (66/649) where 73 isolates were recovered. About two-third of the isolates were Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated (27/73, 37%) followed by Coagulase-negative staphylococci (18/73, 24.7%), Escherichia coli (11/73, 15.1%) and Klebsiella species (10/73, 13.7%). About 89% and 44% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. MRSA constituted 11% of the S. aureus isolates. All the Gram-negative isolates were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but susceptible to amikacin and meropenem. Klebsiella species showed 70-100% resistance to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, augmentin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cefepime and gentamicin. About 82% of E. coli isolates were resistant for chloramphenicol, cefepime, ceftazidime, augmentin, cefuroxime and 64% for gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: The incidence of surgical site infection in Yekatit 12 hospital is 10.2%. Most of the SSIs were due to Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance to the most commonly prescribed drugs. No resistance was found for meropenem indicating the absence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. SSI treatments should be guided by culture and drug resistance test. Better infection prevention practices and continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in the hospital are recommended for better patient care.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI RESISTEN MERKURI PADA KARANG GIGI, URIN DAN FESES PADA INDIVIDU KELURAHAN PAKADOODAN KOTA BITUNG

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maichel Yorgen
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mercury Detoxification ◽  
Bacteria Resistance ◽  
Mercury Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Phenyl Mercury

Abstract: Mercury is one of kinds of hazardous metals which is highly found in nature and spread in rocklike, ore, soil, water, and air as the inorganic and organic compounds. The metal of mercury is dangerous to human’s life because it can cause the substantially clinical manifestations started from being poisoned, nerve palsy and even cause death. One of attempts to mercury detoxification can be done by using mercury-resistant microorganism such as mercury-resistant bacteria. That would happen if the mercury spread inside the human’s body with small value in a very chronic time can make the bacteria inside the human’s body to be able to adapt even able to reduce mercury so that it becomes harmless. The research aims to identify the kind of bacteria that resists to mercury, in this case, to the kind of mercury HgCl2 and Phenyl Mercury found on tartar, urine, and feses upon the individual in Pakadoodan Village of Bitung City by using the way to check the value of bacteria resistance to mercury, afterwards the Physiology test, Biochemical, and Morphology is done to identify the kind of that bacteria. From the research result done there are 4 genus of bacteria which was successfully identified, those are, Streptococcus sp, E.Coli, Bacillus sp, and Staphylococcus sp. By the classification HgCl2 is the bacteria with the genus of     Bacillus sp which is found in urine, feses and tartar, and Staphylococcus sp which is found also in urine with the resistance level of 40 ppm each and phenyl mercury is the bacteria with the genus of Streptococcus sp, which is found in tartar and E.Coli which is found in feses and urine with the resistance level 20 ppm each. Keywords: mercury, bacteria, mercury-resistant bacteria Abstrak: Merkuri adalah salah satu jenis logam berbahaya yang banyak ditemukan di alam dan tersebar dalam batu - batuan, biji tambang, tanah, air dan udara sebagai senyawa anorganik dan organik. Logam merkuri sangat berbahaya terhadap kehidupan manusia karena dapat memberikan manifestasi klinik yang cukup bermakna mulai dari keracunan, kelumpuhan saraf bahkan dapat meneyebabkan kematian. Salah satu usaha untuk detoksifikasi merkuri dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroorganisme resisten merkuri seperti bakteri resisten merkuri. Hal itu dapat terjadi jika merkuri yang terpapar dalam tubuh manusia dengan kadar yang kecil dalam waktu yang sangat kronis dapat membuat bakteri dalam tubuh manusia tersebut dapat beradaptasi bahkan dapat mampu meruduksi merkuri tersebut sehingga menjadi tidak berbahaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri dalam hal ini terhadap jenis merkuri HgCl2 dan fenil merkuri yang terdapat pada karang gigi, urin dan feses pada individu kelurahan Pakadoodan Kota Bitung dengan cara memeriksa kadar resisten bakteri tersebut terhadap merkuri, setelah itu dilakukan uji fisiologi, uji biokimia dan uji morfolgi untuk mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri tersebut.  Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terdapat 4 genus bakteri yang berhasil diidentifikasi yaitu Streptococcus sp, E.coli, Bacillus sp, dan Staphylococcus sp. Dengan klasifikasi HgCl2 adalah bakteri dengan genus Bacillus sp yang terdapat pada urin, feses dan karang gigi, dan Staphylococcus sp yang terdapat juga pada urin dengan tingkat resistensi masing-masing 40 ppm dan fenil merkuri adalah bakteri dengan genus Streptococcus sp, yang terdapat pada karang gigi dan E.coli yang terdapat pada feses dan urin dengan tingkat resistensi masing-masing 20 ppm. Kata kunci: merkuri, bakteri, bakteri resisten merkuri

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of 10 Paenibacillus and Bacillus sp. Strains Isolated from Healthy Tomato Plants and Rhizosphere Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhou ◽  
Chunxu Song ◽  
Anne de Jong ◽  
Oscar P. Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interaction Mechanisms ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

In order to investigate the underlying interaction mechanisms between plants and Gram-positive bacteria, 10 Paenibacillus and Bacillus strains were isolated from healthy tomato rhizosphere and plant tissues.

scholarly journals A Novel Derivative of Thioridazine Shows Low Toxicity and Efficient Activity against Gram-Positive Pathogens

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Nadia S. Jørgensen ◽  
Lasse Saaby ◽  
Anne M. Andersson ◽  
Sofie Kromann ◽  
Ehsan Sheikhsamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Therapeutic Concentration ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Brain Barrier Permeability ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Potential

Thioridazine hydrochloride (HCl) has been suggested as a promising antimicrobial helper compound for the treatment of infections with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Unfortunately, the therapeutic concentration of thioridazine HCl is generally higher than what can be tolerated clinically, in part due to its toxic side effects on the central nervous system. Therefore, we aimed to synthesize a less toxic thioridazine derivative that would still retain its properties as a helper compound. This resulted in a compound designated 1-methyl-2-(2-(2-(methylthio)-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)ethyl)-1-pentylpiperidin-1-ium bromide (abbreviated T5), which exhibited low blood–brain barrier permeability. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus exposed to the novel compound was reduced 32-fold compared to thioridazine HCl (from 32 µg/mL to 1 µg/mL). The MIC values for T5 against five Gram-positive pathogens ranged from 1 µg/mL to 8 µg/mL. In contrast to thioridazine HCl, T5 does not act synergistically with oxacillin. In silico predictive structure analysis of T5 suggests that an acceptably low toxicity and lack of induced cytotoxicity was demonstrated by a lactate dehydrogenase assay. Conclusively, T5 is suggested as a novel antimicrobial agent against Gram-positive bacteria. However, future pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies are needed to clarify the clinical potential of this novel discovery.

Antimicrobial Capacity of Plant Polyphenols against Gram-positive Bacteria: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (15) ◽  
pp. 2576-2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Álvarez-Martínez ◽  
Enrique Barrajón-Catalán ◽  
José Antonio Encinar ◽  
Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Vicente Micol
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Plant Polyphenols ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Promising Source

Background: Multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) disseminate rapidly amongst patients in healthcare facilities and suppose an increasingly important cause of community-associated infections and associated mortality. The development of effective therapeutic options against resistant bacteria is a public health priority. Plant polyphenols are structurally diverse compounds that have been used for centuries for medicinal purposes, including infections treatment and possess, not only antimicrobial activity, but also antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities among others. Based on the existing evidence on the polyphenols’ antibacterial capacity, polyphenols may be postulated as an alternative or complementary therapy for infectious diseases. Objective: To review the antimicrobial activity of plant polyphenols against Gram-positive bacteria, especially against S. aureus and its resistant strains. Determine the main bacterial molecular targets of polyphenols and their potential mechanism of action. Methodology: The most relevant reports on plant polyphenols’ antibacterial activity and their putative molecular targets were studied. We also performed virtual screening of thousand different polyphenols against proteins involved in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis to find potential valuable bioactive compounds. The bibliographic information used in this review was obtained from MEDLINE via PubMed. Results: Several polyphenols: phenolic acids, flavonoids (especially flavonols), tannins, lignans, stilbenes and combinations of these in botanical mixtures, have exhibited significant antibacterial activity against resistant and non-resistant Gram-positive bacteria at low μg/mL range MIC values. Their mechanism of action is quite diverse, targeting cell wall, lipid membrane, membrane receptors and ion channels, bacteria metabolites and biofilm formation. Synergic effects were also demonstrated for some combinations of polyphenols and antibiotics. Conclusion: Plant polyphenols mean a promising source of antibacterial agents, either alone or in combination with existing antibiotics, for the development of new antibiotic therapies.

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