scholarly journals A Study of Sustainable Social Housing Community Design in Britain and China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Liu . ◽  
Jiawei Leng
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Environment ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Sloping Field ◽  
Development Tendency ◽  
Natural Characteristics

BritainandChinahaveexperiencedperiodsofrapidpopulationgrowthandinadequate housing construction. Social housing is a form of housing tenure easing the housing pressure. It solves residential demands of different living patterns in middle to low-income groups. The sustainable strategy lies in three aspects:1. Making the utmost use of the local natural environment;2. Providing reasonable public spaceandsuitabletraffic to revitalize community awareness; and 3. The holistic design of multiple dwelling units for different people and long-term needs. This paper shows two projects – Park Hill in Sheffield, UK and Longnan Garden in Shanghai – as precedents of how to design social housing with sustainable approaches by following the local natural characteristics,by respecting traditions and the different demands of residents and the long-term housing usage. UP TO HERE Compared with China’s 20-year social housing development, that in Britain has a long history and presents complicated multiplicities, could provide significant references. This paper shows that such communities could be design in steps: using the organic gallery apartment building layout, the special corridor system connecting the public function to neighborhoods, SI House theories optimizing the hostile design of dwelling units and components. During the design, the local nature and tradition should be respected. Specifically, the Park Hill is built up along the sloping field, four types of apartment units are based on the traditional terraced house, designed holistically for different families; the deck, which is called “street in the sky”, is not only the traffic but also the active place promoting public and neighborhoods relationships; the renovation design retains the former structure and makesthemaximizationofindoorflexibility.LongnanGardenissurroundedbyexisting resident districts; the organic planning based on the traditional courtyards ensures the enough sunlight and river views in the community; the community environment is improved by the courtyards,which include the ground are and roof gardens;elevated corridors run through courtyards connecting common rooms on the second floor; the 7.6-meter-heightskeletonisinnovatedfromSIhousingandtheexperienceofEuropean social housing. The paper summarizes the development tendency of social housing and provides reference for future.

Disparate Entwicklung der Wohnungsmärkte fordert die Politik

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Arentz
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Housing Allowance ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Trading System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Site Development ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe regional differences in the housing markets are enormous and will continue to exacerbate in the future. The main task for the housing policy is to take appropriate long term measures depending on the market structure. A central aspect of future housing policy is the site development. Potential conflicts of interest with other social objectives must be detected and resolved. Creating a trading system for development rights appears to be promising. In order to secure housing for low income households, the housing allowance (Wohngeld) must be promptly adjusted to the market conditions. The public housing sector should be seen as an instrument for the stabilization of neighborhoods. Appropriate market rents secure a housing supply at a high level.

scholarly journals TABUNGAN PERUMAHAN RAKYAT (TAPERA) DAN PENERAPANNYA DI DKI JAKARTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Henriko Ganesha Putra ◽  
Erwin Fahmi ◽  
Kemal Taruc
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Housing Finance ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
The Public ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
The Republic

Occupancy is a basic need of every human being. As mandated by the 1945 Constitution, the State guarantees the fulfillment of citizens' needs for decent and affordable dwellings in the framework of developing Indonesian people who are wholly, self-conscious, independent and productive. The Public Housing Savings (Tapera) in accordance with Law of the Republic of Indonesia number 4 of 2016, is a long-term fund storage program that is used for housing finance, especially for Low-Income Communities (MBR). BAPERTARUM-PNS is an important lesson on how the goals of the housing savings are not utilized as retirement savings by most participants. The problem with this study is whether Tapera can be a solution for MBR in reaching funding for housing or repeating the failure of the BAPERTARUM-PNS program. Data collection from the Central Government, BP Tapera, and the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta will be analyzed in the form of modeling of potential national and regional participation in and utilization of Tapera in DKI Jakarta Province. The results of the modeling analysis indicate a gap between Tapera's policies and people's expectations of a housing finance affordability solution for the MBR. AbstrakHunian merupakan kebutuhan dasar setiap manusia. Sebagaimana amanat UUD 1945, Negara menjamin pemenuhan kebutuhan warga negara atas tempat tinggal yang layak dan terjangkau dalam rangka membangun manusia Indonesia seutuhnya, berjati diri, mandiri, dan produktif. Tabungan Perumahan Rakyat (Tapera) sesuai Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia nomor 4 tahun 2016, merupakan program penyimpanan dana jangka panjang yang dimanfaatkan untuk pembiayaan perumahan, terutama bagi Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah (MBR). BAPERTARUM-PNS menjadi pelajaran penting bagaimana ketidakberhasilan tujuan dari tabungan perumahan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai tabungan pensiun oleh sebagian besar peserta. Permasalahan dari studi ini adalah apakah Tapera dapat menjadi solusi bagi MBR dalam menjangkau pembiayaan untuk memperoleh hunian atau mengulangi ketidakberhasilan program BAPERTARUM-PNS. Pengumpulan data dari Pemerintah Pusat, BP Tapera, dan Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta akan dianalisis dalam bentuk Pemodelan potensi kepesertaan dan dana pemanfaatan Tapera secara nasional maupun regional di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Hasil dari analisis pemodelan tersebut mengindikasikan adanya celah (gap) antara kebijakan Tapera dan harapan masyarakat akan hadirnya solusi keterjangkauan pembiayaan hunian bagi MBR. 

scholarly journals Low Homeownership in Germany—a Quantitative Exploration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Kaas ◽  
Georgi Kocharkov ◽  
Edgar Preugschat ◽  
Nawid Siassi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Tax Deductions

Abstract The homeownership rate in Germany is one of the lowest among advanced economies. To better understand this fact, we evaluate the role of specific housing policies that tend to discourage homeownership. In comparison to other countries with higher homeownership such as the United States, Germany has an extensive social housing sector with broad eligibility criteria, high transfer taxes when buying real estate, and no tax deductions for mortgage interest payments by owner-occupiers. We build a life-cycle model with uninsurable income and housing risks and endogenous homeownership in order to quantify the policy impact on homeownership and welfare. Adjusting all three policies has a strong impact on housing tenure choices, closing the gap in homeownership rates between Germany and the United States by about two thirds. At the same time, household welfare would be reduced by moving to a policy regime with low transfer taxes, but it would improve in the absence of social housing, in particular, when coupled with housing subsidies for low-income households.

scholarly journals The paediatrician workforce and its role in addressing neonatal, child and adolescent healthcare in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 927-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike English ◽  
Brigid Strachan ◽  
Fabian Esamai ◽  
Thomas Ngwiri ◽  
Osman Warfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Expert

ObjectiveTo examine the availability of paediatricians in Kenya and plans for their development.DesignReview of policies and data from multiple sources combined with local expert insight.SettingKenya with a focus on the public, non-tertiary care sector as an example of a low-income and middle-income country aiming to improve the survival and long-term health of newborns, children and adolescents.ResultsThere are 305 practising paediatricians, 1.33 per 100 000 individuals of the population aged <19 years which in total numbers approximately 25 million. Only 94 are in public sector, non-tertiary county hospitals. There is either no paediatrician at all or only one paediatrician in 21/47 Kenyan counties that are home to over a quarter of a million under 19 years of age. Government policy is to achieve employment of 1416 paediatricians in the public sector by 2030, however this remains aspirational as there is no comprehensive training or financing plan to reach this target and health workforce recruitment, financing and management is now devolved to 47 counties. The vast majority of paediatric care is therefore provided by non-specialist healthcare workers.DiscussionThe scale of the paediatric workforce challenge seriously undermines the ability of the Kenyan health system to deliver on the emerging survive, thrive and transform agenda that encompasses more complex health needs. Addressing this challenge may require innovative workforce solutions such as task-sharing, these may in turn require the role of paediatricians to be redefined. Professional paediatric communities in countries like Kenya could play a leadership role in developing such solutions.

scholarly journals COMBATING SQUATTERS IN MALAYSIA: DO WE HAVE ADEQUATE POLICIES AS INSTRUMENT?

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusfida Ayu Abdullah ◽  
Julieven Nonoi Kuek ◽  
Hazlina Hamdan ◽  
Farrah Lyana Mohd Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Low Cost Housing ◽  
The Government

The year 2014 had witnessed the scenario where most of the states in Malaysia pledged to declare themselves as Zero Squatter state. Thus far, most of the states in Malaysia are still striving to achieve the goal. The government has therefore aspires to reach the target by the year 2020. The Malaysian government under its 5-years National Plan has since introduced the low, medium and high cost housing categories. The housing policy was therefore designed to provide the public of all income levels, particularly the low-income groups, with affordable housing as part of an effort to eradicate squatters. However, despite the various policies, the number of squatter families remains large, especially in the urban areas. This paper therefore, intends to examine the instruments put forward by the government to eliminate squatters and assess the roles of related parties assigned to achieve the government’s mission. Through a qualitative approach, results demonstrated that Malaysia has various types of polices and guidance at both the federal and state levels in relation to low-cost housing provision. These would have supposed to help reduce the number of squatters in the country. However, to date, Malaysia is still experiencing problems with squatters. This calls for further investigation.

The research boroughs and their estates

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-123
Author(s):  
Paul Watt
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Housing Estates ◽  
Right To Buy ◽  
Minority Ethnic

This chapter summarises the London research boroughs and estates. The research focusses on fourteen council-built housing estates in seven boroughs: Barnet, Hackney, Haringey, Lambeth, Newham, Southwark and Tower Hamlets. Six of these boroughs (except suburban Barnet) have been among the most deprived local authority areas in England for decades, and include high levels of poverty and large Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations, although they have also gentrified since the 1980s. The fourteen estates are analysed in terms of their local authority origins, landlords and housing tenure, and also the rationale, progress and effects of their respective regeneration schemes. Reference is made to entrepreneurial borough strategies where relevant. In addition to the seven main boroughs, less extensive research was undertaken at five council estates in four supplementary boroughs: Brent, Camden, Waltham Forest and Westminster. The chapter provides a socio-demographic summary of the estate resident interviewees divided into four housing tenures: social tenants, Right-to-Buy owner-occupiers, temporary non-secure tenants, and owner-occupiers who bought their homes on the open market. The interviewees broadly reflect the dominant multi-ethnic working-class population of London’s social housing estates, albeit weighted towards elderly and long-term residents.

Environmental Equity and Pesticide Exposure

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Moses ◽  
Eric S. Johnson ◽  
W. Kent Anger ◽  
Virlyn W. Burse ◽  
Sanford W. Horstman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Migrant Farm ◽  
Neurobehavioral Effects

Although people of color and low-income groups bear a disproportionate share of the health risks from exposure to pesticides, research attention has been meager, and data on acute and chronic health effects related to their toxic exposures are generally lacking. Increased resources are needed both to study this issue and to mitigate problems already identified. People of color should be a major research focus, with priority on long-term effects, particularly cancer, neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects, long-term neurological dysfunction, and reproductive outcome. Suitable populations at high risk that have not been studied include noncertified pesticide applicators and seasonal and migrant farm workers, including children.

Privatisation of Housing and the Impact of the Conservative Government's Initiatives on Low-Cost Homeownership and Private Renting between 1979 and 1984 in England and Wales: 3. Impact and Evaluation of Low-Cost Homeownership Policy

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D H Crook
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Private Renting ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Right To Buy

This is the third in a series of four papers describing and evaluating the British Government's policies of privatising housing. In this paper the research on the short-run impact of the low-cost homeownership programme is examined, by looking at the right to buy, shared ownership, improvement for sale, and homesteading, and at starter homes and licence schemes. The purchasers who have benefited from the programme are identified and the reasons for some of the failures of the policy to reach priority groups and areas of need are examined. An evaluation of the programme is made under three headings: the extent to which new investment is generated, the extent to which benefits are restricted to groups in need, and the long-term consequences of expanding homeownership amongst low-income groups. It is concluded that privatisation cannot be achieved without continued state support and regulation.

Does Lottery Advertising Exploit Disadvantaged and Vulnerable Markets?

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary O. Borg ◽  
Harriet A. Stranahan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Public ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
Low Income Groups

Abstract:Is it unethical to advertise lotteries? Many citizens think that states should not be actively promoting and encouraging the public to spend hard-earned dollars on a bet that they are virtually guaranteed to lose. Perhaps more importantly, business ethicists are concerned that lottery advertising may be targeting the most vulnerable markets: households with the lowest income and education levels. If this were true, then it would increase the already disproportionately large burden of lottery taxes on the poor. Fortunately, our research finds no evidence to support the contention that advertising is responsible for high rates of lottery participation and expenditures by lower income groups or that low-income groups are more affected by advertising than high-income groups. On the contrary, awareness of lottery advertising seems to be associated with a higher probability to play Lotto only for the middle income group. This means that lottery advertising may actually reduce the regressivity of lottery taxes.

scholarly journals Tradisjonelle organisasjoner og nye frivillige initiativ i flyktningsituasjonen høsten 2015. Mobilisering eller forsterkning av eksisterende skiller?

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-150
Author(s):  
Audun Fladmoe
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
Voluntary Initiatives

This chapter studies voluntary contributions in Norway during the refugee crisis in 2015. Due to increased asylum arrivals, the public reception centers were overloaded and there was an urgent need for assistance from civil society actors. In addition to contributions from traditional voluntary organizations, a number of new voluntary initiatives were established. This makes the migration crisis a unique case for studying new forms of engagement: Did the migration crisis mobilize new groups of volunteers, or did the situation rather reinforce existing cleavages between volunteers and non-volunteers? Based on survey panel data carried out before (2014) and after (2016) the migration crisis we analyze cleavages between volunteers and non-volunteers related to variations in sociodemographic background and political party preferences. The results show indications of both mobilization and reinforcement of existing cleavages, but in the long run existing cleavages seems to be preserved. Compared to the traditional organizations, new voluntary initiatives recruited more contributions from the young, low educated and low-income groups, but the number of ‘new’ volunteers was limited – the majority of those who contributed had previous experience as organizational volunteers. Furthermore, we find few indications that involvement during the migration crisis contributed to increased participation in traditional voluntary work a year later. Thus, the results suggest that, in the context of the migration crisis, we observed a short-term mobilization of some new groups, but in the longer run, the voluntary sector is characterized by established cleavages between volunteers and non-volunteers.

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