scholarly journals The Perception of Physiologists Toward Implementing Team-based Learning in Sudan: A national-scale Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elnajid Tahir ◽  
Daffalla Mohammed Elamean Alam Elhuda ◽  
Hosam Eldeen Elsadig Gasmalla
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Team Based Learning

Background: Team-based Learning (TBL) is a teaching approach that fosters active learning and promotes the application of knowledge; its implementation remains sporadic and on a volunteering basis in Sudan. The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of Sudanese physiologist concerning the implementation of TBL. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included all physiologists in Sudan during 2018. Data were collected using qualitative and quantitative methods, namely, questionnaire and nominal group technique (NGT), respectively. Results: This study was the first national-scale study on TBL in Sudan, the study adds to the evidence of the benefits of TBL: improving the engagement of students, enhancing deep learning, and providing better instructor–student interaction. Furthermore, TBL was perceived to be of good use in tutorials. However, although TBL is perceived well by instructors, its implementation revealed two main challenges: first, the attendance of the students (and therefore their engagement) is a place of concern mostly because TBL is not well-allocated in the curricula of most medical schools and second, the substantial effort of preparation of TBL material and sessions will put a burden on the staff, rendering them less enthusiastic. Conclusion: Fostering TBL requires administrative support and training to the staff, as well as proper incorporation of TBL in the curriculum. Keywords: education, team-based learning, deep learning, physiology

scholarly journals Are surface and deep learning approaches associated with study patterns and choices among medical students? A cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Henrique de Almeida Delgado ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Almeida ◽  
Larissa Souza Borowski Mendes ◽  
Isabella Noceli de Oliveira ◽  
Oscarina da Silva Ezequiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Variable generalization performance of a deep learning model to detect pneumonia in chest radiographs: A cross-sectional study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e1002683 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Zech ◽  
Marcus A. Badgeley ◽  
Manway Liu ◽  
Anthony B. Costa ◽  
Joseph J. Titano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Generalization Performance ◽  
Deep Learning Model

scholarly journals Reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies of US-BI-RADS 4a lesions through a deep learning method for residents-in-training: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e035757
Author(s):  
Chenyang Zhao ◽  
Mengsu Xiao ◽  
He Liu ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Experienced Radiologist

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to explore the potential value of S-Detect for residents-in-training, a computer-assisted diagnosis system based on deep learning (DL) algorithm.MethodsThe study was designed as a cross-sectional study. Routine breast ultrasound examinations were conducted by an experienced radiologist. The ultrasonic images of the lesions were retrospectively assessed by five residents-in-training according to the Breast Imaging Report and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon, and a dichotomic classification of the lesions was provided by S-Detect. The diagnostic performances of S-Detect and the five residents were measured and compared using the pathological results as the gold standard. The category 4a lesions assessed by the residents were downgraded to possibly benign as classified by S-Detect. The diagnostic performance of the integrated results was compared with the original results of the residents.ParticipantsA total of 195 focal breast lesions were consecutively enrolled, including 82 malignant lesions and 113 benign lesions.ResultsS-Detect presented higher specificity (77.88%) and area under the curve (AUC) (0.82) than the residents (specificity: 19.47%–48.67%, AUC: 0.62–0.74). A total of 24, 31, 38, 32 and 42 identified as BI-RADS 4a lesions by residents 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were downgraded to possibly benign lesions by S-Detect, respectively. Among these downgraded lesions, 24, 28, 35, 30 and 40 lesions were proven to be pathologically benign, respectively. After combining the residents' results with the results of the software in category 4a lesions, the specificity and AUC of the five residents significantly improved (specificity: 46.02%–76.11%, AUC: 0.71–0.85, p<0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient of the five residents also increased after integration (from 0.480 to 0.643).ConclusionsWith the help of the DL software, the specificity, overall diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of the residents greatly improved. The software can be used as adjunctive tool for residents-in-training, downgrading 4a lesions to possibly benign and reducing unnecessary biopsies.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF HAND HYGIENE AMONG DENTISTS AS A PREVENTION METHOD FROM COVID-19 IN AL QASSIM REGION, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader M. Elsayed Marei ◽  
Mohamed Tharwat Salama ◽  
Mohammed Ali Habibullah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Prevention Method ◽  
High Level

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of hand washing among dentists in Al Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out by use of a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on WHO`s “Five Moments of Hand Hygiene Questionnaire” with a few notable changes. Statistical Analysis: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 was used to analyze data. Results were displayed as counts and percentages. Results: The level of knowledge of Hand Hygiene (HH) was found high in 52% and moderate in 37% of the participants, when in the attitude levels the majority of the participants i.e. 88% had high level of attitude and was moderate in 7% of respondents. Level of practices of Hand Hygiene was high in 61%, moderate in 37% and almost none (1.4%) of our participants were found with a low level of practices. Conclusion: The population under study scored high on attitude when compared to practices and knowledge scores were the least. These points to the need for interventions for improving knowledge through regular workshops and continuing education. Since knowledge does not automatically translate into practices, emphasis on HH compliance must be laid.  Planned interventions to improve compliance must be multidimensional which considers and includes administrative support, clinic ergonomics and design, timely HH supplies, periodic educational programs, reminders, process surveillance and employee feedback to achieve sustained improvements. Keywords: COVID-19, Dentist, Hand hygiene, Knowledge, Practices.

Outpatient antimicrobial stewardship programs in pediatric institutions in 2020: Status, needs, barriers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rana E. El Feghaly ◽  
Elizabeth A. Monsees ◽  
Alaina Burns ◽  
Ann Wirtz ◽  
Brian R. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Administrative Leaders

Abstract Objective: To assess current resources, interventions, and obstacles of pediatric outpatient antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Institutions from the Sharing Antimicrobial Reports for Pediatric Stewardship OutPatient collaborative (SHARPS-OP). Participants: Antimicrobial stewardship leaders from the above institutions. Methods: An investigator-developed survey was deployed online in September 2020 to antimicrobial stewardship leaders in SHARPS-OP institutions. The survey was divided into 4 sections: (1) basic information, (2) status of pediatric outpatient ASP in the institutions including financial support, (3) outpatient ASP interventions undertaken by the institutions, and (4) needs and SHARPS-OP collaborative goals. Results: Of 56 invited institutions, 45 participated, achieving an 80% response rate. Only 5 sites (11%) had allocated financial support for an outpatient ASP, compared to 42 (95.6%) for their inpatient ASP. The most widely used outpatient ASP interventions included antimicrobial guidance (57.8%), education (46.7%), and quality improvement projects (37.8%). Time was identified as the biggest barrier to expanding outpatient ASPs (91.1%), followed by financial support (53.3%), development of meaningful reports (51.1%), and administrative support (44.4%). Important goals of the collaborative included seeking learning opportunities and developing clear metrics for pediatric outpatient ASP benchmarking. Program needs included securing operational support (35.8%) and strengthening data analysis (31.6%). Conclusions: Very few pediatric institutions with robust inpatient ASPs have devoted time and financial support to advance outpatient efforts. To promote appropriate antibiotic prescribing in the outpatient arena, time and resource funding by administrative leaders are necessary to develop a robust, sustainable stewardship infrastructure.

scholarly journals Investigating The Prolonged Discharge Process in Pediatric Teaching Hospital of Tehran, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sodabeh Vatankhoh ◽  
Azam Chopani ◽  
Emir Tahmazi Aghdam ◽  
Mohammad Esmaeel Tavakoli ◽  
Nasrin Joudyian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Discharge Time ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The patient discharge process is one of the most important factors affecting patient satisfaction, which can affect the quality of services of hospitals, and its prolongation can be detrimental in bed management and result in admission delays for new patients. This study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to the prolongation of the discharge process in Tehran's pediatric teaching hospital. Methods The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on 300 patients discharged from one of the pediatric teaching hospitals in Tehran in 2019. This study was conducted using a mixed-method and composed of two parts: quantitative and qualitative. Initially, in the quantitative stage, the statistical form was used, the average discharge time in different wards of the hospital was measured using the stopwatch method, and the data were analyzed using SPSS V. 25 software and descriptive statistics. Subsequently, to identify the causes of the prolonged process in some departments and identify practical solutions, a qualitative approach was used, including observations, file reviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), brainstorming with experts from the Quality Improvement Office, ward secretaries, clearance unit experts, pharmacy experts, and ward supervisors. Finally, the factors were prioritized and approved using the nominal group method. Results The average discharge time was 3 hours and 7 minutes; the shortest discharge time belonged to the blood ward, and the longest discharge time belonged to the kidney ward. The causes of delay in discharge were divided into two categories: organizational and human factors. The most crucial elements were the time required to issue discharge orders, write patient summaries, and maintain patient files. Conclusion For improving the quality of the discharge process and patient satisfaction, solutions such as having assistants write file summaries before the morning round, sending files out of the ward on time, hiring a circular secretary to collect patients' files from various wards, and controlling them using a standard checklist, nurses' training, and continuous supervision were proposed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of semi-quantitative compared to quantitative cultures of tracheal aspirates for the yield of culturable respiratory pathogens – a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salima Rattani ◽  
Joveria Farooqi ◽  
Ghazala Jabeen ◽  
Saeeda Chandio ◽  
Qaiser Kash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Quantitative Culture ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Culture Techniques

Abstract Background Diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) depends on the presence of clinical, radiological and microbiological findings. Endotracheal suction aspirate (ETSA) is the commonest respiratory sample sent for culture from intubated patients. Very few studies have compared quantitative and semi-quantitative processing of ETSA cultures for LRTI diagnosis. We determined the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative and semi-quantitative ETSA culture for LRTI diagnosis, agreement between the quantitative and semi quantitative culture techniques and the yield of respiratory pathogens with both methods. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Aga Khan University clinical laboratory, Karachi, Pakistan. One hundred and seventy-eight ETSA samples sent for routine bacteriological cultures were processed quantitatively as part of regular specimen processing method and semi-quantitatively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy was calculated for both methods using clinical diagnosis of pneumonia as reference standard. Agreement between the quantitative and semi quantitative methods was assessed via the kappa statistic test. Pathogen yield between the two methods was compared using Pearson’s chi-square test. Results The quantitative and semi-quantitative methods yielded pathogens in 81 (45.5%) and 85 (47.8%) cases respectively. There was complete concordance of both techniques in 155 (87.1%) ETSA samples. No growth was observed in 45 (25.3%) ETSA specimens with quantitative culture and 37 (20.8%) cases by semi-quantitative culture. The diagnostic accuracy of both techniques were comparable; 64.6% for quantitative and 64.0% for semi-quantitative culture. The kappa agreement was found to be 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77–0.91) representing almost perfect agreement between the two methods. Although semi-quantitative cultures yielded more pathogens (47.8%) as compared to quantitative ETSA cultures (45.5%), the difference was only 2.3%. However, this difference achieved statistical (chi-square p-value < 0.001) favoring semi-quantitative culture methods over quantitative culture techniques for processing ETSA. Conclusion In conclusion, there is a strong agreement between the performances of both methods of processing ETSA cultures in terms of accuracy of LRTI diagnosis. Semi-quantitative cultures of ETSA yielded more pathogens as compared to quantitative cultures. Although both techniques were comparable, we recommend processing of ETSA using semi-quantitative technique due to its ease and reduced processing time.

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

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