scholarly journals Association between rs2228014 Polymorphism of CXCR4 and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Nikkhah ◽  
Maryam Vafaei ◽  
Ehsan Farashahi Yazd ◽  
Fatemeh Arjmand ◽  
Ensieh Shahvazian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yazd City

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease and is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease. Vascular plaques are formed on the inner surface of hardened arteries and gradually develop, reducing the diameter of the arteries. CXCR4 is one of the most important chemokine receptors, whose presence has been confirmed in cardiac plaques. Our aim was to determine the relationship between genetic diversity of CXCR4 gene (rs2228014) and atherosclerosis among the population of patients. Methods: The present study included 254 participants who referred to the Cardiac Angiography Department of Afshar Hospital in Yazd City. The main criteria for admission to the case group were coronary artery stenosis with angiography testing, and in the control group, the clients did not have coronary artery disease. The age and sex matching of the two groups were considered. Blood specimens were taken, and after DNA extraction, the SNP genotype of the CXCR4 gene was determined using ARMS-PCR. Statistical analysis of the data carried out using SPSS software version 19 and Chi-square test. Results: Genetic models of rs2228014 variant were evaluated in patients with atherosclerosis in comparison with the control group and a significant difference between allelic (P = 0.333), homozygous (P = 0.087), heterozygous (P = 849.0), dominant (P = 0.570) and recessive (P = 0.086) genetic models of rs2228014 polymorphism was not observed. Conclusion: In the current study, no significant difference was observed between genetic models of rs222801 polymorphism in patients with atherosclerosis and healthy individuals. Based on our findings, the rs222801 polymorphism of the CXCR4 gene might not be considered as a predisposing factor for atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals The Effect of Probiotics on Bacterial Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Najafi ◽  
Alireza Sharif ◽  
Mohammadreza Sharif ◽  
Hamidreza Gilassi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Pneumonia, as a fairly prevalent illness, is the main cause of hospital mortality. The major cause of mortality and morbidity of pneumonia is due to bacteria. The presence of multi-drug resistant pathogens and no response to treatment have aroused considerable interest in the use of probiotic components to prevent infections. Objectives: Given that few studies have evaluated the efficacy of probiotics in reducing bacterial pneumonia, the current aimed to evaluate the role of probiotics in decreasing pneumonia. Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 100 patients diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, Iran, during 2018. Patients were randomly classified into two groups (n = 50). One group (case) received two sachets of probiotic/daily for five days, and another group (control) received placebo. Moreover, patients in both groups received the same treatment protocol. All data were extracted from medical records. Chi-square test and independent t-test were used for analysis of data. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant difference was seen between case and control groups regarding age, gender, and duration of symptoms before hospitalization (P > 0.05), which implies a completely random classification of two groups. The mean duration of hospitalization, dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, fever, and crackles was significantly decreased in the case group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of probiotics can be effective in reducing the duration of dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, fever, and length of hospitalization. Therefore, probiotics may be considered a promising treatment for the development of new anti-infectious therapy. In addition, the usage of probiotics along with antibiotics is suggested for decreasing pneumonia complications and improving the efficacy of therapy.

scholarly journals The effect of informing mothers on level of anxiety in day surgery of children

2016 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Aysun Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Objective:The aim of the study is to examine the effect of informing mothers before operations on the level of anxiety in day surgeries of children.Materials and Methods: The study was an intervention type and was carried out in the departments of otolaryngology and pediatric surgery in Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty Hospital and in the department of pediatric surgery in Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty Hospital. A total of 100 mothers, 50 of whom were control group and the other 50 were case group, were sampled randomly. The data were collected via the “Family and Child Introductory Information Form” and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) which was developed by Spielberger et al.(1966) and translated and adapted into Turkish by Oner and Lecompte (1983). The data were evaluated via the IBM SPSS 13.00 statistical packaged software. The Analysis of Variance, Chi-Square, Student’s t-test and Posthoc Turkey HSD were used to carry out analyses.Results:The groups’ average STAI scores were compared before the surgery. The average SAI score of the control group before the surgery was 46.34±4.20, and that of the case group was 41.72±4.14. Therefore, there was a significant difference between the two groups (p< 0.05). When the average TAI scores before the surgery were compared, it was found that the average TAI score of the control group was 43.44±4.14 and that of the case group was 41.98±4.34. Therefore, there was no difference between the two groups (p> 0.05).The groups’ average STAI scores were compared after the surgery. The average SAI score of the control group after the surgery was 42.08±5.60, and that of the case group was 40.10±4.16. Therefore, there was no difference between the two groups (p> 0.05). When the average TAI scores before the surgery were compared, it was found that the average TAI score of the control group was 42.32±4.12 and that of the case group was 41.20±5.06. Therefore, there was no difference between the two groups (p> 0.05).Conclusion and Recommendations: It was found that the anxiety levels of the mothers of children who visited the hospital to undergo an ambulatory day surgery was high; however, it was also found that the informing made before the surgery had a positive effect on decreasing the anxiety. Therefore, it should not be forgotten that the nursing care and informing done in accordance with ethical principles have a major contribution to nurses’ professionalization and self-realization. Key words:Anxiety, day surgery, children, mothers

scholarly journals The use of a metronome during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency room of a university hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Maria de Oliveira Botelho ◽  
Cássia Regina Vancini Campanharo ◽  
Maria Carolina Barbosa Teixeira Lopes ◽  
Meiry Fernanda Pinto Okuno ◽  
Aécio Flávio Teixeira de Góis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Service Data

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and death after cardiac arrest, with and without the use of a metronome during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Method: case-control study nested in a cohort study including 285 adults who experienced cardiac arrest and received CPR in an emergency service. Data were collected using In-hospital Utstein Style. The control group (n=60) was selected by matching patients considering their neurological condition before cardiac arrest, the immediate cause, initial arrest rhythm, whether epinephrine was used, and the duration of CPR. The case group (n=51) received conventional CPR guided by a metronome set at 110 beats/min. Chi-square and likelihood ratio were used to compare ROSC rates considering p≤0.05. Results: ROSC occurred in 57.7% of the cases, though 92.8% of these patients died in the following 24 hours. No statistically significant difference was found between groups in regard to ROSC (p=0.2017) or the occurrence of death (p=0.8112). Conclusion: the outcomes of patients after cardiac arrest with and without the use of a metronome during CPR were similar and no differences were found between groups in regard to survival rates and ROSC.

Glutamine-Arginine 192 Polymorphism of Paraoxonase 1 Gene in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Compared to Healthy Controls in a Study from Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Rakhi Sasidharan Nair ◽  
Roshni Hareendra Babu ◽  
Shajee Sivasankaran Nair ◽  
Saboora Beegum
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Allele Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artery Disease

BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease is multifactorial in origin. Coronary artery disease predisposition is attributed to genetic factors also. Many gene polymorphisms are implicated out of which paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) gene is an important one. The product of paraoxonase gene is paraoxonase enzyme which is seen in serum associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL). This enzyme is mainly synthesised by the liver. The protective effect of HDL is attributed to the presence of such enzymes on it. Gln to Arg polymorphism at position 192 confers a risk of developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). This study is done to assess the genotype distribution of PON 1 gene in CAD patients compared to healthy controls in a population from Kerala. METHODS The case group consists of 100 angiographically proven CAD patients with no history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hepatic disease or smoking. The control group had 100 healthy controls from the general population. PON 1 gene was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique already reported and restriction fragment length polymorphism by the restriction enzyme Alwl was done to assess the polymorphism. to assess the polymorphism. RESULTS In this study, the frequency of heterozygous genotype QR was 86 % in control and 76 % in cases. Though there was no significant difference in allele distribution of Q or R, RR genotype was significantly higher in the case group ( 2 = 8.82; p value = .012). With binary logistic regression model, adjusting for age and sex, RR genotype is independently associated with CHD. Adjusted odds ratio of RR was 5.24 with 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.41 - 19.47 for developing CHD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The RR genotype is more frequently seen in CAD patients than in controls. The QR genotype is more frequent than QQ or RR in both cases and controls. KEYWORDS Coronary Artery Disease, Paraoxonase, Gene Polymorphism

scholarly journals Type of psychosocial stressor as risk factor of depressive symptom in metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Ana Fauziyati ◽  
Agus Siswanto ◽  
Luthfan Budi Purnomo ◽  
Hemi Sinorita
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Psychosocial Stressor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference

Metabolic syndrome and depression are two major diseases over the world, which are increasing in prevalence over time. Depression is a major mental health burden over the world. In long time, depression can lead to metabolic syndrome, while metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for developing depression. Metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Chronic stress induced by psychosocial stressor leads to the development of both metabolic syndrome and depression. Further research is important to identify which type of psychosocial stressor is the risk factor for depressive symptom in patients with metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study is to identify the type of psychosocial stressor which could be the risk factor for depressive symptom. The study design was case control. The case group consisted of metabolic syndrome patients with depressive symptom, while the control group consisted of metabolic syndrome patients without depressive symptom. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Depressive symptom was measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Psychosocial stressors were measured by Stressful Life Events (SLE) questionnaire. Dependent variable was depressive symptom, while independent variables were type of psychosocial stressors (finance, work, social relationship, health and housing). Analysis methods that used in this study were independent t test, Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis, chi square and logistic regression. There were 54 patients in this study, consisted of 24 in case group and 30 in control group. There was no significant difference in most basic characteristics between two groups. There was significant difference of SLE score between two groups. Chi square analysis showed that housing, finance, health, social relationship, and work stressors were risk factors for developing depressive symptom in metabolic syndrome (OR 24.5 (p 0.001); 9.7 (p 0.039); 8.4 (p 0.016); 5.4 (p 0.004); 3.9 (p 0.001), respectively). Demographic factor which also influenced depressive symptom was salary less than 1 million per month (OR 45, p 0.004). According to logistic regression analysis, psychosocial stressors which most influenced the depressive symptom were finance and housing. In conclusion, this study showed that housing, finance, health, social relationship and work stressors were risk factors for developing depressive symptom in metabolic syndrome.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.262-268

scholarly journals Fear of abortion and emotional divorce in women with minor thalassemia: a population-based study in Yazd, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Rahaei ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahami ◽  
Reza Bidaki
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Premarital Screening ◽  
Yazd City ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder in humans that can be controlled and treated by, premarital screening, prenatal diagnosis and abortion. Aortion can be a critical issue for many families based on the cultural and religious backgrounds and have different consequences for couples, such as emotional divorce. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between fear of abortion and emotional divorce in women with minor thalassemia in Yazd City, Iran. Materials and methods This retrospective study was conducted on 61 women with minor thalassemia (case group) and 100 healthy women (control group), who referred to health centers in Yazd. The census sampling was applied to select the case group and multistage (cluster andsimple) random sampling was adopted to select the control group. Data were collected using Gutman Emotional Divorce Questionnaire and a researcher made scale for measuring fear of Abortion. Data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics and chi-square, independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression. Results The mean scores of emotional divorce (6.62 vs. 4.26) and fear of abortion (25.85 vs. 17.4) were higher in the case than control group (P ˂ 0.01). There was a positive and significant correlation between fear of abortion and emotional divorce in the case (P ˂ 0.05, r = 0.275) and control (P ˂ 0.05, r = 0.570) groups. Fear of abortion in the case group predicted 25% of the variance in emotional divorce. Conclusion Given the high level of fear of abortion in women with minor thalassemia and its effect on increasing the emotional divorce, designing and implementing psychological interventions with ongoing follow-up are recommended for thalassemia carrier couples.

scholarly journals Correlation between SCAP Genetic Polymorphism and Coronary Artery Disease in a Han population in Xinjiang, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Dong He ◽  
Zhen-Yan Fu ◽  
Dilare Adi ◽  
Yi-Tong Ma ◽  
Ying-Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) plays a vital role in the modulation of cholesterol homeostasis, and cholesterol dysregulation is tightly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). To investigate the correlation of the genetic polymorphism of SCAP with CAD, we conducted a case-control study of 528 CAD patients (case group) and 483 age- and sex- matched subjects from whom CAD was excluded (control group). Three tagSNPs (rs147215799, rs17079634 and rs59586735) in SCAP gene were genotyped in all participants, the genotype and allele frequencies of which were compared between two groups to determine their associations with CAD. We found rs17079634 showed significant difference in genotype distribution between the case and control group (P=0.016). The difference was most prominent in a dominant model (TT vs. CT + CC, P=0.004). After adjustment for confounding factors, the difference remained statistically significant (OR =1.363, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.022~1.818, P=0.035). Whereas no significant associations of the other two SNPs with CAD were observed (P=0.393 for rs147215799 and 0.303 for rs59586735, respectively）. We drew conclusion that the SCAP genetic polymorphism rs17079634 was associated with CAD.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN POLA MAKAN PADA BALITA STUNTING DAN TIDAK STUNTING DI KECAMATAN TEON NILA SERUA (TNS) KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trixie Leunupun ◽  
Ani Margawati ◽  
Annastasia Ediati
Keyword(s):  
Child Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
The Difference

Stunting is a condition that describes the growth of children due to long-term malnutrition. Stunting according to WHO is based on the index of the body length compared to age (PB/U) or height compared to the age (TB/U) with the Z-score limit of less than-2 SD. The age of toddlers is an age where child growth and development happens very quickly. In that age toddlers often experience health problems especially nutritional problems. Insufficient nutritional intake can cause stunting and can inhibit children's development. Design of observational analytic research with case-control design in toddlers aged 2-3 years. The population of this research is all toddlers who reside in the working area of Puskesmas Layeni subdistrict of Central Maluku district. Sample research is done using the Lameshow formula. The study used the ratio of 1:1 so that the number of research subjects in the case group was equivalent to the number of research subjects in the control group (i.e. 30 children per group), resulting in a total subject of 60 children. Analysis of the data used to see the difference between variables using the chi-square test. Variable dependent events are stunting and independent dietary variables. The results of the chi-square test show that there is no difference between the diet (the level of energy and protein adequacy) in a stunting toddler and not stunting the value (p > 0.05). The conclusion of the diet (adequacy of energy and protein) respectively in the group of cases is not too much of a significant difference. But in the control group more toddlers with good energy and protein adequacy levels. Keywords: toddler, diet, stunting

scholarly journals Determine the IgG and IgM antibodies created against T. gondii infections using the ELISA method in diabetic pregnant women in compared with non -diabetic pregnant women in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, west of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
nasrin Bahmani ◽  
Nadia Shakiba ◽  
Fariba Farhadifar ◽  
Mojde Zareei
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diabetes Center ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic parasitic protozoan, which is a causative agent of serious complications such as abortion or fetal still birth in pregnant women. The purpose of this study was evaluating the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and risk factors in diabetic pregnant women (case) in comparison with non-diabetic pregnant women (control) from Sanandaj, Kurdistan, west of Iran. Methods: In this case-control study Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were tested in 91 cases as well as 90 controls from referred the Toohid hospital diabetes center using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method during June 2018 to October 2019 in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, west of Iran. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 19 and using Chi-Square and Fisher tests.Results: The seropositivity for anti-Toxoplasma IgG in case group was 33% and 15.6% in the control group (p = 0.006) showing a statistically significant difference between groups, while for anti-Toxoplasma IgM (p = 0.31) showing no statistically significant differences between two groups. A significant relationship was observed between age (p = 0.024) and abortion history (p = 0.05) with anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies in cases and controls.Conclusion: The results of current study indicated statistically significant relationship between diabetes and toxoplasmosis. The abortion history and increase of age was found to be a major T. gondii infection risk factor.

scholarly journals The Comparison Between Positive & Negative Symptoms Severity in Prolonged Methamphetamine-Induced Psychotic Disorder and Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Ahmadkhaniha ◽  
◽  
Nazanin Ayazi ◽  
Kaveh Alavi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Najarzadegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: This study aims to compare the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia in patients who had psychotic symptoms more than one month after discontinuation of methamphetamine abuse. These factors were analyzed by the PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) questionnaire. Materials and Methods: 60 participants were selected from patients referred to Iran Psychiatric Hospital with psychotic symptoms (delusions or hallucinations, disorganized behavior, and speech). The control group was 30 patients with schizophrenia based on a semi-structured interview according to DSM-IV-TR (SCID). 30 patients with the prolonged methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder had been also placed in the case group. For both groups of patients, questionnaires of PANSS, BPRS, GAF was filled after obtaining the consent of the company. The scale scores were compared between groups. To evaluate the mean of PANSS, BPRS, and the GAF scores between the two groups we used the Mann-Whitney and the chi-square test. Results: There was no significant difference in terms of positive and general pathology scores between two groups but the total score of negative symptoms in the schizophrenia group was significantly higher than the group of prolonged methamphetamine psychotic disorders (P = 0.034). Average scores of Uncooperativeness (0.013), Unusual thought content (0.004), Motor retardation (0.011), unusual thought content (0.002) and, Hostility (0.001) in schizophrenia were significantly higher than prolonged methamphetamine psychosis. Conclusion: The results showed that most of the disturbances in patients with schizophrenia may be more influenced by the expression of cognitive disabilities in them compared to patients with methamphetamine psychosis. The difference in scores of negative symptoms suggesting that schizophrenia and prolonged methamphetamine psychotic disorder can be two different disorders.

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