scholarly journals The Effect of Probiotics on Bacterial Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Najafi ◽  
Alireza Sharif ◽  
Mohammadreza Sharif ◽  
Hamidreza Gilassi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Pneumonia, as a fairly prevalent illness, is the main cause of hospital mortality. The major cause of mortality and morbidity of pneumonia is due to bacteria. The presence of multi-drug resistant pathogens and no response to treatment have aroused considerable interest in the use of probiotic components to prevent infections. Objectives: Given that few studies have evaluated the efficacy of probiotics in reducing bacterial pneumonia, the current aimed to evaluate the role of probiotics in decreasing pneumonia. Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 100 patients diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, Iran, during 2018. Patients were randomly classified into two groups (n = 50). One group (case) received two sachets of probiotic/daily for five days, and another group (control) received placebo. Moreover, patients in both groups received the same treatment protocol. All data were extracted from medical records. Chi-square test and independent t-test were used for analysis of data. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant difference was seen between case and control groups regarding age, gender, and duration of symptoms before hospitalization (P > 0.05), which implies a completely random classification of two groups. The mean duration of hospitalization, dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, fever, and crackles was significantly decreased in the case group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of probiotics can be effective in reducing the duration of dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, fever, and length of hospitalization. Therefore, probiotics may be considered a promising treatment for the development of new anti-infectious therapy. In addition, the usage of probiotics along with antibiotics is suggested for decreasing pneumonia complications and improving the efficacy of therapy.

The effect of lavandula angustifolia in the treatment of depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 624-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Parvin ◽  
S. Farzaneh ◽  
M. Nikfarjam ◽  
N. Shahinfard ◽  
N. Asarzadegan
Keyword(s):  
Depression Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
And Control

Background and aimMedical plants have been used for centuries as a medicinal agent in treatment of depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the lavendula officinalis on depression in patients using citalopram.MethodsThis clinical trial study was performed in Hajar hospital, Shahrekord, Iran. In this study eighty patients randomly allocated into two groups (40 patients in each group). Patients who complained from depression were studied during a two-month double-blind study. In control group, patients were given 20 mg citalopram twice daily plus placebo and case group were treated with 5 g arial part of dried Lavendula officinalis and citaloperam (20 mg, twice per day). After 4 and 8 weeks, patients were followed for evaluations of their depression and complications. Depression severity was scored using standard Hamilton’s depression questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi square and Paired-t test.ResultsAfter 1 month treatment, mean depression score in case and control groups were 15.2 ± 3.6 and 17.5 ± 3.5, respectively (P < 0.05). After 2 months the mean score of depression in case and control groups was 14.8 ± 4 and 16.8 ± 4.6, respectively (P < 0.01). The most common side effects in two groups were confusion and dry mouth, which were not significantly different between two groups.ConclusionLavendula officinalis has a positive effect on depressed patients and may be useful to decrease the severity of depression in patients using other antidepressants.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of Combined Treatment with Radiotherapy and Hyperthermia versus Exclusively Radiotherapy to Reduce Pain in Patients with Bone Metastases

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Baharak Keyvan ◽  
Alireza Nikoofar ◽  
Mastaneh Sanei ◽  
Mohammadreza Barzegar- Tahamtan ◽  
Seyed Rabi Mahdavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Stable Mode ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Based on the extant studies conducted by scholars, recognizing the best and practical treatment methods in patients with bone metastases is an important and conspicuous focus in improving and amelioration of the treatment and prognosis of patients. Ergo, this study aims to compare the effects of radiotherapy and hyperthermia with radiotherapy only to reduce pain in one of the oncology centers located in Tehran (the capital city of Iran). In this randomized clinical trial study, patients with bone metastases were randomly assigned to one of two group’s radiotherapy and hyperthermia or radiotherapy exclusively and the collected data were processed through Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS). Thenceforth, findings were evaluated and compared between the two groups. A total of 60 patients inclusive of 34 women and 26 men were investigated. In the baseline, 20 patients in the case group (67%) and 21 patients in the control group (70%) used palliative drugs. At the end of the trial, the consumption of palliative drugs was decreased in the case group (12 patients, 43%) but, no change was observed in the control group. After treatment, complete response to treatment (27% vs. 13%), experienced a decrease in the clinical pain (57% vs. 83%) and did not respond to treatment in a stable mode (17% vs. 4%) of which were different between case and control groups, respectively. Regardless of the difference in the ratio of partial response in two groups, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of response to treatment. Although the effect of radiotherapy and hyperthermia in comparison with radiotherapy exclusively was more efficacious in some aspects of the intervention of pain with sleep. However, there was no remarkable and significant difference in other cases.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Effects of Acupressure at SP6 and ST36 Acupoints on the Pain Caused by Fistula Needle Placement in Hemodialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-367
Author(s):  
Tahereh Baloochi Beydokhti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Needle Placement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
And Control

Objective: Hemodialysis is one of the most common treatment methods in kidney patients. To do this, repeated insertion of the needle into the vessel is necessary. Patients treated with hemodialysis are exposed to stress and pain caused by perforation of their arteriovenous fistula about 300 times a year. More than 1/5 of hemodialysis patients express this pain as unbearable. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints on the pain caused by fistula needle placement in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted in 2016 on 90 hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula in Mashhad, Iran. They were randomly divided into three groups of SP6, ST36, and control. Data were collected after obtaining a written informed consent by a demographic form and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data analysis was performed in SPSS v.16 software by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test, one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and Chi-square test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between VAS scores after the intervention in all three group (P<0.001). The Mean±SD VAS scores before the intervention in SP6, ST36, control groups were 54.47±18.93, 51.5±22.83, 46.6±17.73, respectively which changed to 45.63±20.53, 40.2±20.01, and 51.87±19.05 after the intervention, indicating that acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints reduced pain in patients, while the pain increased in the control group. Conclusion: Acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints is an effective method in relieving pain caused by the insertion of a needle into the arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals The Difference of Lymphocyte, hs-CRP, and Electroencephalogram with and without Simvastatin in Acute Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chairil Amin Batubara ◽  
Aldy Safruddin Rambe ◽  
Nindia Sugih Arto
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Randomized Control Trial Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hs Crp

Mortality and morbidity due to stroke rank the highest in Indonesia (15.4%), and most types of stroke are ischemic (87%). Inflammation has a role in the pathophysiology of both ischemic stroke and also inhibits acute symptomatic epileptic seizures (3-6%) in the first 7 days after stroke. Statins have been used for the treatment of dyslipidemia in stroke patients. Some studies showed that statins reduced the inflammatory response after a stroke and prevented the recovery of epileptic seizures. This study aimed to determine the differences in lymphocytes, hs-CRP, Electroencephalogram (EEG) with and without Simvastatin in acute ischemic stroke. This research was an experimental study with a double-blind, randomized control trial design consisting of two groups, a group given Simvastatin 20 mg/day, and a group given a placebo for seven days. The difference in lymphocytes, hs-CRP, EEG, and epileptic seizures between the two groups were then analyzed. The sample was 26 people, consisting of 17 (65.4%) males and 9 (34.6%) females with an average age of 59±5.8 years. Chi-Square and Fisher's test showed a significant difference in hs-CRP (p=0.005) and epileptic seizures (p=0.015), but no significant difference in lymphocytes (p=0.336) and EEG (p=0.42) between groups given Simvastatin 20 mg/day and those given placebo. There was a significant difference in hs-CRP and epileptic seizures, but no significant difference in lymphocyte count and EEG between the two groups with and without Simvastatin administration.

scholarly journals The effect of informing mothers on level of anxiety in day surgery of children

2016 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Aysun Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Objective:The aim of the study is to examine the effect of informing mothers before operations on the level of anxiety in day surgeries of children.Materials and Methods: The study was an intervention type and was carried out in the departments of otolaryngology and pediatric surgery in Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty Hospital and in the department of pediatric surgery in Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty Hospital. A total of 100 mothers, 50 of whom were control group and the other 50 were case group, were sampled randomly. The data were collected via the “Family and Child Introductory Information Form” and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) which was developed by Spielberger et al.(1966) and translated and adapted into Turkish by Oner and Lecompte (1983). The data were evaluated via the IBM SPSS 13.00 statistical packaged software. The Analysis of Variance, Chi-Square, Student’s t-test and Posthoc Turkey HSD were used to carry out analyses.Results:The groups’ average STAI scores were compared before the surgery. The average SAI score of the control group before the surgery was 46.34±4.20, and that of the case group was 41.72±4.14. Therefore, there was a significant difference between the two groups (p< 0.05). When the average TAI scores before the surgery were compared, it was found that the average TAI score of the control group was 43.44±4.14 and that of the case group was 41.98±4.34. Therefore, there was no difference between the two groups (p> 0.05).The groups’ average STAI scores were compared after the surgery. The average SAI score of the control group after the surgery was 42.08±5.60, and that of the case group was 40.10±4.16. Therefore, there was no difference between the two groups (p> 0.05). When the average TAI scores before the surgery were compared, it was found that the average TAI score of the control group was 42.32±4.12 and that of the case group was 41.20±5.06. Therefore, there was no difference between the two groups (p> 0.05).Conclusion and Recommendations: It was found that the anxiety levels of the mothers of children who visited the hospital to undergo an ambulatory day surgery was high; however, it was also found that the informing made before the surgery had a positive effect on decreasing the anxiety. Therefore, it should not be forgotten that the nursing care and informing done in accordance with ethical principles have a major contribution to nurses’ professionalization and self-realization. Key words:Anxiety, day surgery, children, mothers

scholarly journals The use of a metronome during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency room of a university hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Maria de Oliveira Botelho ◽  
Cássia Regina Vancini Campanharo ◽  
Maria Carolina Barbosa Teixeira Lopes ◽  
Meiry Fernanda Pinto Okuno ◽  
Aécio Flávio Teixeira de Góis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Service Data

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and death after cardiac arrest, with and without the use of a metronome during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Method: case-control study nested in a cohort study including 285 adults who experienced cardiac arrest and received CPR in an emergency service. Data were collected using In-hospital Utstein Style. The control group (n=60) was selected by matching patients considering their neurological condition before cardiac arrest, the immediate cause, initial arrest rhythm, whether epinephrine was used, and the duration of CPR. The case group (n=51) received conventional CPR guided by a metronome set at 110 beats/min. Chi-square and likelihood ratio were used to compare ROSC rates considering p≤0.05. Results: ROSC occurred in 57.7% of the cases, though 92.8% of these patients died in the following 24 hours. No statistically significant difference was found between groups in regard to ROSC (p=0.2017) or the occurrence of death (p=0.8112). Conclusion: the outcomes of patients after cardiac arrest with and without the use of a metronome during CPR were similar and no differences were found between groups in regard to survival rates and ROSC.

scholarly journals Type of psychosocial stressor as risk factor of depressive symptom in metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Ana Fauziyati ◽  
Agus Siswanto ◽  
Luthfan Budi Purnomo ◽  
Hemi Sinorita
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Psychosocial Stressor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference

Metabolic syndrome and depression are two major diseases over the world, which are increasing in prevalence over time. Depression is a major mental health burden over the world. In long time, depression can lead to metabolic syndrome, while metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for developing depression. Metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Chronic stress induced by psychosocial stressor leads to the development of both metabolic syndrome and depression. Further research is important to identify which type of psychosocial stressor is the risk factor for depressive symptom in patients with metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study is to identify the type of psychosocial stressor which could be the risk factor for depressive symptom. The study design was case control. The case group consisted of metabolic syndrome patients with depressive symptom, while the control group consisted of metabolic syndrome patients without depressive symptom. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Depressive symptom was measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Psychosocial stressors were measured by Stressful Life Events (SLE) questionnaire. Dependent variable was depressive symptom, while independent variables were type of psychosocial stressors (finance, work, social relationship, health and housing). Analysis methods that used in this study were independent t test, Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis, chi square and logistic regression. There were 54 patients in this study, consisted of 24 in case group and 30 in control group. There was no significant difference in most basic characteristics between two groups. There was significant difference of SLE score between two groups. Chi square analysis showed that housing, finance, health, social relationship, and work stressors were risk factors for developing depressive symptom in metabolic syndrome (OR 24.5 (p 0.001); 9.7 (p 0.039); 8.4 (p 0.016); 5.4 (p 0.004); 3.9 (p 0.001), respectively). Demographic factor which also influenced depressive symptom was salary less than 1 million per month (OR 45, p 0.004). According to logistic regression analysis, psychosocial stressors which most influenced the depressive symptom were finance and housing. In conclusion, this study showed that housing, finance, health, social relationship and work stressors were risk factors for developing depressive symptom in metabolic syndrome.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.262-268

scholarly journals Comparison of 3-port with standard 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A clinical trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Surgery

Introduction: Since the laparoscopic cholecystectomy was introduced first in 1990, the 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy was the gold standard. The 4-port (lateral) is used to hold gallbladder fundus and observe Calot's triangle. It is discussed that the 4-port technique is not required in many patients. Therefore, this study aimed to make a comparison between 3-port and 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy methods in the treatment of gallstone disease. Methods: A double-blind clinical trial was performed on patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand, Iran. The patients with gallstone disease (n=60) were randomly assigned into the case (3-port) and control (4-port) groups using balanced block randomization and underwent 3- or 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Postoperative pain was measured by a visual analog scale four h after surgery. The amount of pain-killer, duration of surgery, as well as length of stay and scars were measured in this study. Data were analyzed statistically in SPSS software (version 18) through the Chi-square test and t-test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics. There were 24 females (80%) and 6 males (20%) in the control group and 25 females (83.4%) and 5 males (16.7%) in the case group (P=0.739). Moreover, the mean ages of the control and case groups were 59.823±7.8 and 61.10±4.7, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the groups in this regard (P=0.348). Furthermore, length of operation (P=0.001) and analgesic consumption (P=0.001) in the 3-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy group were lower than those in the 4-port group; however, the hospital stay (P=0.896) was the same in both groups. Conclusions: The 3-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe, reliable, and cost-effective method in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Chronic Tinnitus: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Zand ◽  
Abolfazl Mollasadeghi ◽  
Mohammad Ansari ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Baradaranfar ◽  
Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Chronic Tinnitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Chronic tinnitus is a disturbing condition that may affect different aspects of life. In this study, the therapeutic effect of electrical stimulation on chronic tinnitus was assessed. This was a clinical trial on 49 patients with persistent tinnitus for more than 6 months without a proper response to routine treatments. They were randomly allocated into two groups: the case group was treated with electrical stimulation for 6 sessions over 6 consecutive days, and the control group received a placebo. Before the intervention, one week and three months after the treatment sessions, patients were evaluated by comprehensive audiological assessments and hearing tests. The mean age of the participants was 40.37±9.32 and 41.35±9.24 in treatment and placebo groups, respectively. Tinnitus intensity was significantly decreased in the case group one week and three months after the treatment (P<0.05). Tinnitus handicap inventory score significantly decreased in the treatment group one week and three months after the treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in tinnitus intensity after treatment, considering gender, age, tinnitus duration, and tinnitus type. Electrical stimulation could significantly reduce the severity of the tinnitus regardless of age, gender, duration, and type of tinnitus. © 2020 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. Acta Med Iran 2020;58(1):4-8.

scholarly journals Ibu hamil perokok pasif sebagai faktor risiko bayi berat lahir rendah

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irnawati Irnawati ◽  
Mohammad Hakimi ◽  
Tunjung Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Passive Smoker ◽  
Folic Acid Level

Background: Low birth weigth babies (LBW) are most likely a cause of the infant mortality and morbidity. Many factors causes LBW babies as maternal health, behavior during pregnancy, environmental  as well as fetal and placental factors. Negative behavior during pregnancy such as exposure of cigarette smoke can affect the body’s supply of oxygen from mother to fetus and placenta. Exposure to cigarette smoke may also reduce maternal folic acid level which causes disruption of fetal growth inside the womb.Objective: This study was aimed to fnd out the risk of low birth weight baby in the passive smoker pregnant woman.Method: The study used a case control design. The subject consisted of mothers who delivered at RSU dr. Zainoel Abidin in Banda Aceh municipality. The case group were mothers who delivered babies of less than 2,500 grams and the control group were those who delivered babies of 2,500 grams or more. Each group consisted of 105 mothers (1:1). Sample were taken using non probability with consecutive sampling method. Data analysis used univariable method with frequency distribution, bivariable with chi square and multivariable with logistic regression.Results: Passive smoker pregnant woman exposed the 1-10 cigarettes a day had risk 2,4 times greater of getting low birth weight baby (OR=2,42; 95%CI 1,24-4,71). Pregnant mother exposed to ≥11 cigarettes a day had the risk 3,1 times greates in having LBW infants than those not exposed (OR=3,1; 95%CI 1,50-6,70).Conclusion: Passive smoker of pregnant mother increased the risk of low birth weight babies.

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