scholarly journals TOTALITARIAN AND KAZAKH LITERARY CRITICISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Sarzhan Takirov ◽  
Zhansaya Zharylgapov ◽  
Zhanar Rustemova ◽  
Bibi Syzdykova ◽  
Zhanaidar Zhumageldin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Way

Purpose: The article deals with the urgent problems of Kazakh literary criticism of the forties of the twentieth century. Tracked artistic processes of a specified period and impact on artistic nature of the writers of the totalitarian system Methodology: Investigations which only started in Kazakh literary studies, under the ground of contradicting with Marxism-Leninism outlook, were considered wrong, and remarkable poets and writers, scientists and literary scholars were subjected to repression, besides national criticism and literary studies turned into a familiar ideological bludgeon. Due to this reason, criticism, and literary studies, even being guided by Marxism-Leninism methodology, was forced to deal with serious issues which time presented with them; denying the way they had paved, they had to work with investigations in a new direction. It is important to note that national literary studies, particularly literary criticism, overcoming hardships of ideological grip, which brought huge grief of burden in 1937-38, in 1940 stepped ahead on the way of formation and improvement. Result: The authors of the article examine genre originality of literary criticism. However, we consider in detail such types as a challenging article, a polemic article, literary review and others. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Totalitarian and Kazakh literary criticism is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

scholarly journals Art (and) Criticism: Hart Crane and David Siqueiros

Text Matters ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 229-243
Author(s):  
Alicja Piechucka
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
Hart Crane ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
Art And Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The article focuses on an analysis of Hart Crane’s essay “Note on the Paintings of David Siqueiros.” One of Crane’s few art-historical texts, the critical piece in question is first of all a tribute to the American poet’s friend, the Mexican painter David Siqueiros. The author of a portrait of Crane, Siqueiros is a major artist, one of the leading figures that marked the history of Mexican painting in the first half of the twentieth century. While it is interesting to delve into the way Crane approaches painting in general and Siqueiros’ oeuvre in particular, an analysis of the essay with which the present article is concerned is also worthwhile for another reason. Like many examples of art criticism—and literary criticism, for that matter—“Note on the Paintings of David Siqueiros” reveals a lot not only about the artist it revolves around, but also about its author, an artist in his own right. In a text written in the last year of his life, Hart Crane therefore voices concerns which have preoccupied him as a poet and which, more importantly, are central to modernist art and literature.

Structuralism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lundell ◽  
Vincent P. Pecora
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Structural Linguistics ◽  
Universal Truth ◽  
Intellectual Movement ◽  
The Way

Structuralism, generally described, is a twentieth-century intellectual movement associated with linguistic studies in Europe, despite its vast applicability and many adherents. An initial aim of structural linguistics was to investigate – in greater detail than previously – the way language functions as a network of signification. Structuralism’s goal also typically derives from the question of whether universal truth can be revealed in this network in ways that define the constitution of thought. Structuralism focused on the whole of language, the ‘structure’ of the totality, over its individual parts or their historical development. The principles of Structuralism and its later transformations found widespread application outside of linguistics, particularly in anthropology, sociology, literary studies, semiotics, film, musicology, psychology, and philosophy.

Introduction: In Defence of Paraphrase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Patrick Fessenbecker
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Reading Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Art For Art's Sake ◽  
Aesthetic Structure

How did “reading for the message,” a mark of shame among literary critics, yet in many ways an ordinary reading practice, become so marginalized? The origins of this methodological commitment ultimately are intertwined with the birth of literary studies itself . The influential aestheticist notion of “art for art’s sake” has several implications crucial for understanding the intellectual history of literary criticism in the twentieth century: most important was the belief that to “extract” an idea from a text was to dismiss its aesthetic structure. This impulse culminated in the New Critical contention that to paraphrase a text was a “heresy.” Yet this dominant tradition has always co-existed with practical interpretation that was much less formalist in emphasis. A return to the world of American literary criticism in 1947, when Cleanth Brooks’s The Well-Wrought Urn was published, shows this clearly: many now-forgotten critics were already practicing a form of criticism that emphasized literary content, and often overly rejecting Brooks’s insistence that reading for the content or meaning of a poem betrayed its aesthetic nature.

Barthes, Roland (1915–80)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Risser
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Dynamic Activity ◽  
Language And Culture

In the field of contemporary literary studies, the French essayist and cultural critic Roland Barthes cannot be easily classified. His early work on language and culture was strongly influenced by the intellectual currents of existentialism and Marxism that were dominant in French intellectual life in the mid-twentieth century. Gradually his work turned more to semiology (a general theory of signs), which had a close association with the structuralist tradition in literary criticism. In his later work, Barthes wrote more as a post-structuralist than as a structuralist in an attempt to define the nature and authority of a text. Throughout his writings Barthes rejected the ‘naturalist’ view of language, which takes the sign as a representation of reality. He maintained that language is a dynamic activity that dramatically affects literary and cultural practices.

scholarly journals Shanghai School (Haipai): Content of the Concept

2020 ◽  
pp. 284-297
Author(s):  
I. A. Moshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Shanghai School ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the analysis of the content of the literary concept of haipai (Shanghai school). It is pointed out that the term is actively used in modern literary studies in the Chinese language and is a basic concept for the classification of Chinese writers of the twentieth century. The question is raised about the legality of using this term for the analysis of works of art. It is noted that the literary polemic of 1933—1934 “The dispute about the Shanghai and Beijing schools” helps to clarify the meaning of the concept of “haipai”. As a result of the analysis of publications of this period, it is concluded that the term Shanghai school in modern literary practice has a different meaning than what the participants in the discussion put into it. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in Russian the literary polemics of 1933—1934 are described in detail using primary sources. As a result of the study, it was concluded that in terms of its content, the term haipai is close to such a descriptive concept in European literary criticism as “decadence”. It sets a certain evaluative paradigm and evokes certain visual and sensory images, but it should be used with caution as a means of literary analysis.

scholarly journals texto al contra-texto

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-352
Author(s):  
Nicolas Esteban Garayalde
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Nous Allons ◽  
Mobile Object ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Theories Of Reading ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Psychoanalytic Theories ◽  
The Way

¿Qué es un texto? ¿Se pueden conocer los textos? ¿Existen? ¿Cuáles son sus límites? En los últimos veinticinco años, los estudios literarios franceses parecen estar sufriendo una transformación paradigmática que implica una reconceptualización de la noción de texto (antiguamente pensado como una unidad orgánica), cuyo estallido se produjo en gran parte tras el surgimiento de las teorías de la recepción y de la deconstrucción. Este nuevo paradigma considera el texto como un objeto móvil cuyos límites (externos e internos) son difíciles de precisar. En este artículo, nos concentraremos en el impacto que ciertas teorías psicoanalíticas de la lectura han tenido sobre el modo de pensar el texto, su espacio y sus límites externos, y las consecuencias que esto ha tenido para la crítica literaria. Para ello, nos focalizaremos especialmente en la noción de contra-texto. What is a text? Can we know texts? Do texts exist? What are the limits of texts? In the last twenty-five years, French literary studies seem to be undergoing a paradigmatic transformation that implies a reconceptualization of the notion of text (formerly thought of as an organic unit), whose outbreak occurred largely after the emergence of reception theories and deconstruction. This new paradigm conceives text as a mobile object whose limits (external and internal) are difficult to specify. In this article, we will focus on the impact that certain psychoanalytic theories of reading have had on the way of thinking the concept of text, its space and its external limits, and the consequences this has had for literary criticism. For this, we will focus especially on the notion of counter-text. Qu'est-ce qu'un texte? Peut-on les connaître ? Existent-ils ? Quelles sont ses limites? Au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années, les études littéraires françaises semblent avoir subi une transformation paradigmatique qui implique une reconceptualisation de la notion de texte (autrefois considéré comme une unité organique), dont l'éclosion s'est produite en grande partie après l'apparition des théories de la réception et de la déconstruction. Ce nouveau paradigme, pensons-nous, considère le texte comme un objet mobile dont les limites (externes et internes) sont difficiles à définir. Dans cet article, nous nous concentrerons sur l'impact de certaines théories psychanalytiques de la lecture sur la façon de penser le texte, son espace et ses limites externes, ainsi que sur les conséquences en résultant pour la critique littéraire. Pour cela, nous allons nous intéresser plus particulièrement à la notion de contre-texte.

O caso Kant

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Flávio R. Köthe
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

Resumo: O ensaio «O Caso Kant» é uma discussão da Crítica da Razão Pura de Kant como um livro muito atual. Todas as correntes modernas da critica literária se inspiram no formalismo de Kant (quer o saibam, quer não). Assim, a critica de Hegel (A Ciência da Lógica e Enciclopédia I) quanto a separação Kantiana entre forma e conteúdo, juízo analítico e juízo sintético, etc é retomada neste ensaio, mas a diferença entre esses dois filósofos abre o caminho para Marx, cuja contribuição é decisiva para uma nova leitura do sistema de Kant. Isso poderia ser uma nova chave para os estudos literários.Abstract: The essay «O Caso Kant» (The case Kant) is a discussion on Kanfs Die Kritik der reimen Vernunft as a very up to day book. All modern trends in literary criticism are inspired by Kanfs formalism (if they konw it or not). So Hegel's criticism (Die Wissenschaft der Logik and Enziklopädie I) on Kant's separation between form and contend, analytical and synthetical judgment, etc, returns in this essay, but the difference mong them opened the way to Marx, whose contríbution is decisive for a new reading on Kant's system. It could be a new key for the literary studies.

scholarly journals ‘De vraag is deze: waarom is een akademisch neerlandicus zulk een heel ander mens dan een nederlands letterkundige?’

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Philosophical Argument ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
The Public ◽  
Academic Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Abstract The interrelation of public and academic literary criticism often leads to controversy within the literary field, especially when writers obtain an academic position. As Jo Tollebeek showed in Mannen van karakter (2011) and Nico Laan in Het belang van smaak (1996), the competition between the academic and public discourse on literature is inherent to the history of literary studies. What are the criteria for distinguishing public and academic criticism?This question is examined for the period 1925-1935 by taking the professorship of the poet and critic Albert Verwey (1865-1937) as a case study. Verwey legitimated his academic position by referring to Shelley and the concept of ‘imagination’ as a special source of knowledge. By doing so he presented an artistic and philosophical argument for appointing a poet as a professor of literature. Additionally, ten years later, Verwey revealed that he accepted the position in order to change the way literature was represented by traditional historiography. How did the activities of the poet, critic and academic relate to each other? How did Verwey position himself within, or in between, the academic and the public discourse on literature? And why does Verweys positioning problematize the relation between academic and non-academic literary criticism?

scholarly journals Thomas More’s Portrayal in a Twentieth-Century Translation of Utopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
María Inmaculada Ureña-Asensio
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Introductory Section ◽  
The Way

Ramón Esquerra i Clivillés (1909-1938), a Spanish intellectual born and raised in Barcelona, published in 1937 Utopia (El Estado Perfecto), a translation of Utopia (1516) by Thomas More. The translator prepared a large prologue in which he minutely details the life and personality of the humanist and introduces Utopia and its reception in Spain. As a result, this illuminating introductory section becomes a brief piece of literary criticism. The way More is presented and how Esquerra emphasizes some of his most personal features creates a particular image of the humanist: that of a saint. The information shown was carefully chosen by the translator, serving from of More’s latest published biographies to construct a useful context for the reader. 

scholarly journals Leer la superficie: la presencia de Gilles Deleuze en la era posteórica de la crítica literaria

2018 ◽  
pp. 466-472
Author(s):  
David Pruneda Sentíes
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
French Theory ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar que existe una marcada presencia de las ideas de Gilles Deleuze en la era posteórica de la crítica literaria. Para tal propósito, en primer lugar se hace una revisión sucinta de la recepción de las ideas filosóficas francesas en la academia estadounidense de fines del siglo XX, creadora de la hoy llamada Teoría francesa en los estudios literarios. En segundo lugar, este artículo se centra en el análisis de la lectura de superficie, una propuesta de crítica literaria de Sharon Marcus y Stephen Best. Aunque el nombre de Deleuze no aparezca en los fundamentos de esta propuesta, este artículo argumenta que la lectura de superficie es en esencia una práctica deleuziana.                                                                                                                                                                                     The objective of this article is to demonstrate that there is a marked presence of the ideas of Gilles Deleuze in the post-theoretical era of literary criticism. For this purpose, we first make a succinct review of the reception of French philosophical ideas in the American academy of the late twentieth century, creator of the so-called French theory in literary studies. Second, this article focuses on the analysis of surface reading, a literary criticism proposal by Sharon Marcus and Stephen Best. Although the name of Deleuze does not appear in the foundations of this proposal, this article argues that the reading of the surface is essentially a Deleuzian practice.

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