DETERMINANTS OF PROFITABILITY: A CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN PAKISTAN

Purpose of the study: This study aims to investigate the impact of bank-specific and macro-economic factors on commercial banks profitability in Pakistan. Methodology: This study uses both internal and external factors as independent variables. Internal factors are inclusive of capital adequacy, operational efficiency, deposit ratio, liquidity, leverage, number of branches, and bank size, while external indicators are pertaining to GDP, rate of inflation, interest rate, and rate of foreign exchange. Return on assets, return on equity, and net interest margin is employed as proxies for measuring profitability. Balanced panel data of 25 commercial banks over a period ranging from 2009 to 2018 is analyzed through descriptive statistics and fixed effects regression model. Main Findings: The empirical findings revealed that among internal factors, capital adequacy ratio, deposit ratio, leverage ratio, liquidity ratio, and bank size significantly affect the return on asset, while in the case of macro-economic factors, inflation rate, exchange rate, and GDP have a significant impact on return on asset. On the other hand, return on equity is significantly affected by deposit ratio, leverage ratio, and operational efficiency, whereas among macro-economic factors, only the inflation rate had a significant effect on return on equity. Furthermore, in the case of net interest margin, among internal factors, capital adequacy ratio, deposit ratio, bank size, and the number of branches have a significant impact on net interest margin, whereas, among macro-economic factors, interest rate, inflation rate, and exchange rate significantly affected net interest margin. Applications of this study: This study has greater importance for government, bank managers, investors, academicians, and scholars. Originality/Novelty: In this study, the number of branches is taken as a novel factor in Pakistan's case and bridges the gap in the banking literature of Pakistan.

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Kinerja Rasio Keuangan Perbankan Islam Dan Konvensional: Studi Komparatif

Liquidity ◽

10.32546/lq.v2i1.125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 13-20

Author(s):

Amrizal Amrizal

Keyword(s):

Annual Report ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Average Increase ◽

Return On Assets ◽

Return On Equity ◽

Net Interest Margin ◽

Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽

Interest Margin

The article focuses to analyze finance ratio consist of Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Interest Margin (NIM) Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) except Earnings before Interest Tax (EBIT). The research is conducted to three conventional banking (BNI 46, Mandiri and BRI) and three syariah banking (Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Bank Mega Syaria and Bank Syariah Mandiri) for annual report periods 2007 to 2011. The result shows, the average increase EBIT to conventional banking groups during period 2007 to 2011 are 1.91% while the average EBIT to syariah banking groups are 1.53%. The average of ROA to conventional banking groups are 3.01% while the average ROA to syariah banking groups are 1.99%. The average of ROE to conventional banking groups is 24.19% while the average of ROE to syariah banking groups is 33.31%. The average of NIM to conventional banking groups during period 2007 to 2011 are 7.08% while the average of NIM to syariah banking groups during period 2007 to 2011 are 8.14%. The average of CAR to conventional banking groups is 15.63%, while the average of CAR to syariah banking groups during the period are 12.19%.

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PENGARUH RASIO CAPITAL ADEQUACY, LOAN TO DEPOSIT, NET INTEREST MARGIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHANLABA (STUDI KASUS PADA BANK UMUM KONVENSIONALYANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA)

AKUNTABILITAS ◽

10.29259/ja.v11i2.8933 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 115-126

Author(s):

Bambang Suryadi ◽

Lis Djuniar

Keyword(s):

Commercial Banks ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Test Results ◽

Net Interest Margin ◽

Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽

Research Population ◽

Profit Growth ◽

Interest Margin

This study is how Influence Ratio Capital Adequacy Ratio, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Net Interest Margin Against Profit Growth at Conventional Commercial Banks Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. the purpose of this study is to analyze the Influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio Ratio, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Net Interest Margin on Profit Growth at Conventional Commercial Banks Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. The type of research used is associative research. The research population is conventional commercial bank in Indonesia. The research variables are Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Profit Growth. The data used is secondary data. Data collection methods are quantitative. Partial test results show that NIM has a significant effect on Profit Growth, While CAR and LDR have no significant effect to Profit Growth.

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Analisis Faktor Spesifik Bank Terhadap Non Performing Loan Pada Bank Umum Konvensional Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Owner ◽

10.33395/owner.v6i1.569 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 43-55

Author(s):

Meily Juliani

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Return On Equity ◽

Operating Income ◽

Net Interest Margin ◽

Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Conventional Banks ◽

Interest Margin

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of bank specific factors on non-performing loan on public conventional banks. The dependent variable studied was the non-performing loan and independent variables examined were capital adequacy ratio, bank size, loan to deposit ratio, net interest margin, return on equity, operating expenses to operating income, and earning per share. The secondary data obtained from the annual reports submitted in the IDX. Sample consist of 32 public conventional banks listed in IDX in the period of 2012-2017. The result of this study indicate that bank size and net interest margin has a positive and significant impact on non-performing loan. While return on equity showed a negative and significant impact on non-performing loan. The result of this study also showed that capital adequacy ratio, loan to deposit ratio, operating expenses to operating income and earning per share did not have any significant impact on non-performing loan.

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Analisi Regresi Data Panel pada Kinerja Perbankan di Indonesia

Benefit Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis ◽

10.23917/benefit.v5i2.12492 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 199-208

Author(s):

Keti Purnamasari

Keyword(s):

Market Structure ◽

Market Share ◽

Market Concentration ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Return On Equity ◽

Net Interest Margin ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Bank Specific Factors ◽

Size Efficiency ◽

Interest Margin

Abstract- The determinants of bank performance can be grouped into three groups, namely; 1) bank specific factors related to management decisions and policy objectives, 2) industry factors related to industrial structure and market growth, and 3) macroeconomic factors that reflect the economic conditions in which the bank operates. This study analyzes the effect of bank-specific factors and industry factors on banking performance using panel data regression analysis on a sample of 39 Indonesian Commercial Banks during the 2015-2019 period. Bank specific factors consist of bank size, efficiency, and capital adequacy, while the industrial factor in this study is the market structure which includes market concentration and market share. Banking performance is measured by Return on Equity and Net Interest Margin. The results of this study indicate that bank size and efficiency (BOPO) has a negative and significant effect on banking performance. Capital adequacy and market concentration have no effect on banking performance. Meanwhile, the market share variable has a positive and significant effect on banking performance as measured by Net Interest Margin but does not affect banking performance as measured by Return on Equity. Keywords : bank size, efficiency, capital adequacy, market structure, banking performance Abstrak- Determinan kinerja bank dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu ; 1) faktor spesifik bank yang terkait dengan keputusan manajemen dan tujuan kebijakan, 2) faktor industri yang terkait struktur industri dan pertumbuhan pasar, dan 3) faktor makroekonomi yang mencerminkan keadaan ekonomi dimana bank beroperasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh faktor spesifik bank dan faktor industri terhadap kinerja perbankan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi data panel pada sampel dari 39 Bank Umum Konvensional Indonesia selama periode 2015-2019. Faktor spesifik bank terdiri atas ukuran bank, efisiensi, dan kecukupan modal sedangkan faktor industri dalam penelitian ini adalah struktur pasar yang meliputi konsentrasi pasar dan pangsa pasar. Kinerja perbankan diukur dengan Return on Equity dan Net Interest Margin. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa variabel ukuran bank dan efisiensi (BOPO) memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja perbankan. Variabel kecukupan modal dan konsentrasi pasar tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perbankan. Sedangkan variabel pangsa pasar memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja perbankan yang diukur dengan Net Interest Margin namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perbankan yang diukur dengan Return on Equity. Keywords : ukuran bank, efisiensi, kecukupan modal, struktur pasar, kinerja perbankan

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The Impact of Credit Risk on Performance: A Case of South African Commercial Banks

Global Business Review ◽

10.1177/0972150920969927 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 097215092096992

Author(s):

Babatunde Lawrence ◽

Mishelle Doorasamy ◽

Prince Sarpong

Keyword(s):

Credit Risk ◽

Commercial Banks ◽

Gender Diversity ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Financial Reports ◽

Return On Equity ◽

Leverage Ratio ◽

Small Banks ◽

Board Gender Diversity ◽

The Impact

The objective of the study was to comparatively assess the impact of credit risk on the performance of big and small banks in South Africa. Data from audited financial reports of 14 commercial banks were obtained and divided into two panel data sets and analysed using the R-Studio software version 3.5.1 to assess the impact of capital adequacy ratio (CAR), non-performing loan to gross loan (NPLGL), loan-to-deposit ratio (LTDR), leverage ratio (LR), board gender diversity (BGD), with bank size (total asset) and AGE as control variables, on performance, (return on asset [ROA] and return on equity [ROE]). The findings of the study revealed that non-performing loan (NPL), CAR, LR, LTDR and age of banks all have significant and greater impact on performance, as measured by ROA, of small banks when compared with big banks. Surprisingly, NPL was revealed to have a lesser impact on the ROE of small banks as compared to the ROE of big banks but showed no impact on the ROA of big banks during the period of 2008–2017.

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Pengaruh Net Interest Margin, Return On Equity, Return On Asset, Capital Adequacy Ratio terhadap Price Book Value Pada Bank Umum di Indonesia

DIALEKTIKA : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Ilmu Sosial ◽

10.36636/dialektika.v6i1.592 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yusuf Iskandar

Keyword(s):

Stock Exchange ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Return On Assets ◽

Return On Equity ◽

Book Value ◽

Service Companies ◽

Net Interest Margin ◽

Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽

Interest Margin

Economic development in Indonesia can have an influence on companies, especially service companies such as banks. Seeing the development of service companies such as banks that continue to fluctuate, this can have an impact on the performance of banking companies on the price book value, therefore a study aimed at examining the effect of net interest margin, return on equity, return on assets and capital adequacy ratio can be carried out against the price book value at commercial banks in Indonesia. The analytical tool in this study using multiple regression analysis. Data analysis was carried out on banking companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange in 2016 - 2018. As many as 15 banks that met the criteria as the study population, all members of the population were used as the research sample. The results of this study indicate that the net interest margin has a significant effect on the price book value, the return on equity has a significant effect on the price book value, the return on assets has a significant effect on the price book value and the capital adequacy ratio has a significant effect on the price book value.

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ANALISIS FAKTOR PENENTU DAN INDIKATOR EKONOMI PADA NET INTEREST MARGIN BANK SYARIAH

Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan ◽

10.20473/vol7iss202011pp2074-2088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 2074

Author(s):

Lailatul Ayuni ◽

Lina Nugraha Rani

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Commercial Banks ◽

Annual Report ◽

Liquidity Risk ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Net Interest Margin ◽

Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽

Interest Margin

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor penentu Margin Bank Umum Syariah melalui variabel Capital Adequacy Ratio, Risiko Likuiditas, NPF, Bank Size dan indikator makroekonomi GDP dan Inflasi terhadap Net Interest Margin Periode 2011 - 2018 secara simultan dan parsial. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik Purposive Sampling diperoleh 11 Bank Umum Syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi data panel. Data penelitian diambil dari website resmi yang dipublikasikan oleh Bank Indonesia (BI) dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) serta Annual Report masing – masing bank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan antara CAR, Risiko Likuiditas, Bank Size, GDP, terhadap NIM Bank Umum Syariah. Sedangkan untuk variabel NPF dan Inflasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Hasil menunjukkan variabel GDP merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh pada Determinan Margin Bank Umum Syariah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, diharapkan pemerintah atau regulator dapat membantu peran perbankan dalam memberikan kebijakan dengan bentuk penyempurnaan keberpihakan regulasi dalam mendukung perbankan syariah.Kata Kunci: Net Interest Margin, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Risiko Likuiditas, Net Performing Financing, Bank Size, Makroekonomi, Bank Umum Syariah ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the influence of the determinants of Shariah commercial bank margin through the variables of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Liquidity Risk, NPF, Bank Size and macroeconomic indicators of GDP and Inflation on the Net Interest Margin Period 2011 - 2018 simultaneously and partially. Sampling with purposive sampling technique obtained 11 Islamic Shariah commercial banks. This study uses a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis techniques. The research data is taken from the official website published by Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Financial Services Authority (OJK) as well as the Annual Report of each bank. The results showed a significant influence between CAR, Liquidity Risk, Bank Size, GDP, on the NIM of Shariah Commercial Banks. Meanwhile, the NPF and inflation variables do not have a significant effect. The results showed that the GDP variable is the most influential factor on the Margin Determinants of Shariah Commercial Banks. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that the government or regulators can assist the role of banks in providing policies by improving regulatory alignments in supporting Islamic banking.Keywords: Net Interest Margin, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Liquidity Risk, Net Performing Financing, Bank Size, Macroeconomics, Sharia Banks

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Determinants of Commercial Banks’ Profitability. Evidence from Hungary

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201866051325 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 1325-1335

Author(s):

Isah Serwadda

Keyword(s):

Commercial Banks ◽

Regression Models ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Panel Regression ◽

Internal Factors ◽

Bank Profitability ◽

Net Interest Margin ◽

Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽

Asset Quality ◽

Panel Regression Models

This paper aims to find out whether bank‑specific (internal) factors impact on the profitability of commercial banks in Hungary for 16 a year period ranging from 2000–2015. The study employs a sample of twenty‑six commercial banks with four hundred sixteen observations. The study employs return on average assets (ROAA) as a proxy for bank profitability, and it also considers bank‑specific (internal) factors as independent variables. These include asset quality (non‑performing loans), overhead costs, bank size, net interest margin, and liquidity risk plus capital adequacy ratio. The study uses panel regressions, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis for the investigations. The panel regression models are to estimate the impact of bank‑specific (internal) factors on bank profitability. The Hausman specification test was conducted on the panel regression models in order to identify the best and appropriate model for the study. The empirical findings reveal that non‑performing loans, overhead costs and liquidity had a significant negative impact on bank profitability as bank size had a significant positive impact on profitability. However, net interest margin and capital adequacy ratio had no impact on bank profitability. The study concludes that bank size and asset quality are bank‑specific factors that have the biggest impact on commercial banks’ profitability in Hungary for the period under investigation. The study recommends that commercial banks should endeavor to manage and reduce overhead costs to be able to earn more profits since overhead costs adversely affect bank profitability. More so, commercial banks’ managers should regularly monitor credit and liquidity risk indicators as well as pursuing diversification policies of income sources while upholding optimisation of operational costs.

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THE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO, OPERATIONAL COST COMPARING TO THE OPERATIONAL REVENUE, NET INTEREST MARGIN, NON-PERFORMING LOAN AND LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO UPON THE RETURN ON EQUITY (Empirical Study of Company Banking registered in the List of BEI for the period of 2012-2015)

The Accounting Journal of Binaniaga ◽

10.33062/ajb.v3i2.230 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (02) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Gilang Ramadhan Fajri

Keyword(s):

Empirical Study ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Operational Cost ◽

Partial Regression Coefficient ◽

Return On Equity ◽

Net Interest Margin ◽

Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽

Interest Margin

This research is an empiric study to do a research on the Analysis of the Effects of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Operational Cost comparing to the Operational Revenue, Net interest margin, Non-Performing Loan and Loan to Deposit Ratio upon the Return on Equity (Empirical Study on the Company Banking listed on BEI for the period of 2012-2015), sampling technique has applied the purposive sampling in order to get the samples of 30 companies. The aims of this research are to prove that the effects of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operational costs comparing to the Operational Revenue (BOPO), Net interest Margin (NIM), Non-Performing Loan (NPL) netto and Loan to Deposti Ratio (LDR) upon the performance of bank which is measured by Return on Equity (ROE) and which variables that have been the most dominant affecting Return on Equity (ROE). The Analytical technics has applied multiple linear regression and hypothesis test has used t-statistics to examine partial regression coefficient and f-statistics to examine the feasibility of the research model using the level of significance of 5 %. Besides that, classical assumption test has been done covering normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test and auto correlation test.Key words: Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operational Cost comparing to the Operational Revenue (BOPO), Net Interest Margin (NIM), NonPerforming Loan (NPL). Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Return on Equity (ROE).

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PENGARUH CAR, BOPO, NPL, NIM, DAN LDR TERHADAP ROA PADA PERUSAHAAN DI SEKTOR PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2012-2016

10.31219/osf.io/k3w69 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Redwal Fernando ◽

Aminar Sutra Dewi

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Commercial Banks ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Net Interest Margin ◽

Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽

The Relationship ◽

Interest Margin

This study aims to examine the relationship between Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), BOPO, Net Interest Margin (NIM), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) for Return On Asstes (ROA). The number of samples used are 9 commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012-2016. The method used in this study using multiple regression analysis using Eviews 6. From the results of tests performed show that CAR statistically does not significantly influence tehadap ROA, BOPO significantly influence teh ROA, NPL has significant effect to ROA, different from NIM which has no significant effect on ROA, and LDR has significant effec on ROA.

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