scholarly journals INTENSITY OF FREE RADICAL PROCESSES IN THE POSTNUCLEAR FRACTION OF RAT KIDNEYS UNDER INFLUENCE OF LASER IRRADIATION AND ω-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2(49)) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
O. V. Ketsa ◽  
M. M. Marchenko ◽  
О. А. Samuliak
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Oxidative Modification Of Proteins ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Radical Processes ◽  
Intensity Laser

Introduction. The effect of laser irradiation on the body can lead to local tissue damage, which will be accompanied by changes in biochemical processes that occur in the kidneys. The direction of these changes is completely unclear, so the study of free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins as the main markers of oxidative stress in the body and their correction by ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) remains relevant. Aim.  To evaluate the intensity of lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in the postnuclear fraction of rat kidneys under the action of laser irradiation and additional administration of ω-3 PUFA. Methods. The studies used white outbred rats, which were irradiated daily for 4 minutes with a laser diode with a wavelength of 650 nm, power of 50 mW in the abdominal cavity at a distance of 10 cm from the skin surface. The state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was determined by the level of primary, secondary and final products. The intensity of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) was evaluated by the level of carbonyl derivatives and protein SH-groups. To correct the prooxidant state, the animals were additionally injected with ω-3 PUFA. Results. Low-intensity laser irradiation has a destructive effect on the cell membranes of the kidneys, which is expressed by an increase in primary, secondary and final products of LPO in phospholipid extracts and an increase in the intensity of OMP. The introduction of ω-3 PUFAs reduces free radical processes in the kidneys of irradiated rats, but this effect depends on the scheme of their introduction. ω-3 PUFAs do not show antioxidant effect under the conditions of their introduction after laser irradiation. Daily administration of ω-3 PUFA two hours before irradiation shows a slight antioxidant effect only in the initial stages of irradiation. Preliminary seven-day administration of ω-3 PUFA before laser irradiation is the most effective, as it helps to reduce free radical processes. Conclusion. It is established that ω-3 PUFAs are able to have a corrective effect on the action of low-intensity laser irradiation, which depends on the scheme of their introduction. The highest antioxidant effect is observed in groups of animals to which ω-3 PUFA was previously administered before the action of laser irradiation.

scholarly journals Intensity of free-radical processes in plasma of rat blood due to histamine and quercetin

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
N. Harasym ◽  
◽  
M. Verbeschuk ◽  
N. Bodnarchuk ◽  
M. Galan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Oxidative Modification Of Proteins ◽  
Rat Blood ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Radical Processes

The content of products of lipoperoxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in rat blood plasma under the action of quercetin and histamine was investigated. Quercetin was used at concentrations of 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 1; 3; 5 mm, and histoma - 0.01; 0.1; 1; 10 μm. It was found that quercetin in the blood plasma of rats causes a slight increase in the content of hydroperoxides and TBA-positive products, except the concentration of 0.5 mm, at which the content of secondary products is reduced and the content of primary remains within the control. Histamine at concentrations of 0.01; 0.1; 1; 10 µM leads to an increase in the content of hydroperoxides and a decrease in the number of TBK-positive products. The combined effect of histamine and quercetin causes a significant increase in primary lipoperoxidation products, whereas TBK-positive lipid peroxidation products decrease. Quercetin in the concentration range of 0.1÷1 mM intensifies the accumulation of carbonyl groups of proteins of basic and neutral nature, while flavonoid at concentrations of 3.5 mM – slows down. Histamine at all tested concentrations leads to an increase in the content of carbonyl groups of proteins, except the concentration of 0.1 μm. Against the background of high concentration histamine, quercetin reduces the intensity of oxidative modification of proteins. The simultaneous action of low concentration histamine and quercetin at a concentration of 0.5 and 5 mm leads to the accumulation of carbonyl groups of proteins of a neutral nature, as well as to the main only when exposed to quercetin at a concentration of 5 mm. According to the analysis of variance, it was found that quercetin has a maximum effect on the accumulation of TBA-positive products and carbonyl groups of proteins of basic character. Histamine is strongly influenced by the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides. Quercetin at concentrations of 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 1; 3 mm determines between the indices of free radical processes under study, in the blood plasma of rats, a strong interconnectedness, and a bioflavonoid at a concentration of 5 mm leads to the formation of interconnections of average strength. Histamine at concentrations of 10; 1; 0.1 µM causes a close correlation of the mean strength between the individual indices of free radical oxidation. Histamine at a concentration of 0.01 μm causes a significant increase in the correlation between the parameters of sex and oxidative modification of proteins. The combined effect of quercetin at a concentration of 0.1 mm and histamine at a concentration of 0.01 μm causes a change in the nature of the correlation dependence, which becomes strong between most of the studied parameters.

Features of free radical processes in the liver of rats with a nutrient imbalance

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-391
Author(s):  
O.N. Voloshchuk ◽  
Yu.V. Stus ◽  
G.P. Kopylchuk
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Nutrient Imbalance ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Radical Processes ◽  
High Sucrose

The activity of free radical processes in liver mitochondria was investigated in rats kept on high-sucrose and low protein/high-sucrose diets. Excess of dietary sucrose caused intensification of free radical processes in liver mitochondria as evidenced by increased hydroxyl radical generation, accumulation of primary (conjugated dienes, ketodienes) and secondary products (TBA-reactive products) of lipid peroxidation, increased cholesterol/phospholipids ratio and also accumulation of oxidative modification products of proteins (carbonyl derivatives). Additional nutritional protein deficiency (low protein/high-sucrose diet) enhanced destructive changes in liver mitochondria. This suggests a critical role of nutrient protein supplementation for maintaining the functional activity of mitochondria. The established changes can be considered as one of possible mechanisms of functional liver activity violation in conditions of nutrient imbalance.

Study of photobiomodulation effects with violet-blue and red light in experimental oncogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 618-623
Author(s):  
Evgeniya S. Zhukova ◽  
Tatiana G. Shcherbatyuk ◽  
Arseniy L. Potapov ◽  
Irina A. Chernigina ◽  
Vladimir V. Chernov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Radical Processes

Introduction. There is still an open question about the limits of medical use of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the optical range in tumor growth due to the risk of increased proliferation of tumor cells. The conditions under which the tumor process is stimulated, as well as the mechanisms of photobiomodulation in oncological pathology, remain unclear. The aim of the study - in vitro evaluation and comparison of the effect of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of 400, 460 and 660 nm on the activity of free-radical processes in tumor tissue and blood in normal and growing experimental neoplasia. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on biological material obtained from white non-linear rats intact and with subcutaneously transplanted cholangiocellular cancer MS-1. The sources of low-intensity radiation with wavelengths of 400, 460 and 660 nm were led generators. The content of hemoglobin, the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, changes in the overall level of free radical processes and antioxidant activity by induced chemiluminescence, and DNA damage by the method of DNA comets were studied. Data analysis was performed using nonparametric statistics methods. Results. The multidirectional effect of radiation with wavelengths of 400, 460 and 660 nm on free-radical homeostasis indicators at the early and late stages of tumor growth, as well as the dependence of biological effects on the wavelength of radiation, was found. Conclusions. The results obtained allow making a number of assumptions about the mechanisms of action of the optical electromagnetic waves on tumor growth, modulating free radical processes in the tumor-bearing organism.

scholarly journals The effect of fenofibrate on expression of genes involved in fatty acids beta-oxidation and associated free-radical processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Gureev ◽  
M.L. Shmatkova ◽  
V.Yu. Bashmakov ◽  
A.A. Starkov ◽  
V.N. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Radical Processes

Fenofibrate is a synthetic ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors subtype alpha (PPARa); it is used for the treatment of a wide range of metabolic diseases such as hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, diabetes and various neurodegenerative diseases. We have studied the effect of fenofibrate on b-oxidation of fatty acids and related free-radical processes. The most effective concentration of fenofibrate (0.3%) added to the chow caused a significant decrease of the body weight of mice. The data obtained by quantitative PCR demonstrated increased hepatic gene expression responsible for b-oxidation of fatty acids in peroxisomes and mitochondria. Enhancement of oxidative processes caused a 2-fold increase in the rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as evidenced by determination of the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in the liver. Mitochondrial antioxidant systems are more sensitive to elevated ROS production, as they respond by increased expression of SOD2 and PRDX3 genes, than cytoplasmic and peroxisomal antioxidant systems, where expression of CAT1, SOD1, PRDX5 genes remained unaltered.

scholarly journals Intensity of Free Radical Processes in Rat Liver under Type 2 Diabetes and Introduction of Epifamin

Acta Naturae ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Popova ◽  
A. A. Agarkov ◽  
A. N. Verevkin
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Aconitate Hydratase ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
Radical Processes

The effect of epifamin on free radical processes, the activity of caspase-1 and -3, aconitate hydratase and citrate content in rats liver at experimentally induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was studied. The action of epifamin at T2DM leads to a decrease in biochemiluminescence parameters, characterizing the intensity of free radical processes, and changes in aconitase activity and citrate level towards the control. Activities of caspase-1 and caspase-3 in the tissue decreased by a factor of 2.4 and 1.6 in comparison with the levels at the disease. Apparently, epifamin-mediated correction of the level of melatonin, providing a significant antioxidant effect, promotes positive action on the free radical homeostasis.

Expression of protective proteins and morphological changes in the rat brain after prolonged exposure to dust

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Anna G. Zhukova ◽  
Maria S. Bugaeva ◽  
Anastasiya S. Kazitskaya ◽  
Oleg I. Bondarev ◽  
Nadezhda N. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Coal Rock ◽  
Radical Processes ◽  
Protective Proteins ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. The fundamental mechanisms of the body's pathological reaction to coal and dust exposure are hypoxia, excessive activation of free radical processes, structural and metabolic disorders in various organs. Organ-specific molecular defense mechanisms begin to function in the form of changes in the level of proteins with antihypoxic (HIF-3a), chaperone (HSP72), and antioxidant functions (HOx-1 - heme-oxygenase, Prx-1 - peroxiredoxin) under damaging effects. Its high level contributes to the restoration of cells' functional state or indicates significant damage in tissues. Hypoxia and free radical processes are known to lead to severe brain damage and behavioral disorders. To date, little is known about the expression of protective proteins and morphological changes in the brain under prolonged exposure to coal-rock dust on the body. The study aimed to learn the level of intracellular protective proteins HIF-3a, HSP72, HOx-1, Prx-1, and morphological changes in the brain in the dynamics of long-term dust exposure. Materials and methods. Sixty white male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g of the same age took part in the experiment. Dust exposure was modeled by way of dynamic inhalation priming of rats with coal-rock dust (coal of a gas-fat brand) in an intermittent mode for 12 weeks. We perform morphological studies of the brain after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of dust exposure. The cytosolic fraction of brain tissue researchers determined the expression level of HIF-3a, HSP72, HOx-1, and Prx-1 by Western blot analysis. We selected the activity of free radical processes in the brain tissue. Results. Long-term exposure to coal-rock dust on the body at the morphological level in the brain revealed changes that indicate the development of hypoxia and activation of free radical processes: microvascular disorders, pericellular edema, severe dystrophic damage to neurons, focal loss of neurons, activation of glial cells. Activation of the protective proteins HIF-3a, HSP72, HOx-1, and Prx-1 in the early stages (1-3 weeks) of coal-dust exposure provided compensation for free radical processes in brain neurons. An increase in the duration of dust exposure of more than six weeks influences a low level of HSP72, but high HIF-3a and Prx-1, indicating an increase in hypoxic and free radical damage brain. Conclusions. The results obtained to expand the understanding of the morphological and molecular mechanisms that occur in the brain tissue during prolonged dust exposure to the body are essential for developing methods for organ-specific pharmacological correction.

IntensIty of free radical processes in rats’ blood while deep hypothermIa and self-warmIng

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Исмаилова ◽  
Zhamilya Ismailova ◽  
Кличханов ◽  
Nisred Klichkhanov ◽  
Астаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Deep Hypothermia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Warming Rate ◽  
Radical Processes

Hypothermic conditions of homoisothermic organisms are characterized by the activation of free-radical processes in tissues. The intensity of these processes occurring at hypothermia is less well understood. The essential increase in heart rate, breathing, blood flow velocity, and metabolic processes during warming must stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative modification of biomolecules. We study the levels of peroxidation markers of lipids (by malondialdehyde) and proteins (by carbonyl groups) in blood plasma and erythrocytes as well as the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes of rats after deep hypothermia (the temperature in the rectum was 20°C) and self-warming dynamics. A maximum warming rate (0.016°С/min) was revealed over the body temperature range of 22–33°С, below and above these temperatures a warming rate was essentially lower. The warming of rats resulted in a total protein content reduction which negatively correlates (r = –0.967; р<0.05) with a middle molecular peptide level. The deep hypothermia decreased the intensity of oxidative modification of lipid and proteins in blood plasma and red blood cell membranes, and the activity of red blood cell superoxide dismutase (SOD). Maximum amount of products of oxidative modification of lipids and proteins in plasma and erythrocytes membranes caused by rats’ self-warming was observed at body temperature of 30–35°С. After a complete rats’ warming the intensity of oxidative modification of lipids and proteins in plasma and erythrocyte membranes decreased. The activity of SOD and catalase of erythrocyte substantially increased when body temperature reached 35°С. The obtained data indicate that during self-warming at the body temperature of 30–35°С the oxidative stress appears in blood which requires the use of antioxidant defense.

Adaptogenic correction of free radical brain damage in subchronic exposure to sodium fl uoride

2020 ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
A. G. Zhukova ◽  
L. G. Gorokhova ◽  
A. S. Kazitskaya ◽  
T. K. Yadykina ◽  
N. N. Mikhailova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Subchronic Exposure ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Radical Processes ◽  
Complex Drug

Introduction. Fluorine compounds in small doses, but with prolonged exposure, cause various disorders in organs at the cellular and molecular levels. Activation of free-radical processes plays an important role in the damaging eff ect of fl uorides. Th erefore, one of the most eff ective ways to limit fl uorine-induced damage is to directly aff ect free-radical processes using herbal preparations with antioxidant properties.The aim of the study is to study the eff ect of a dihydroquercetin-based drug on the activity of free radical processes in brain tissue under subchronic exposure to sodium fl uoride (NaF).Materials and methods. Th e work was performed on white male laboratory rats weighing 200-250 g. Th e rats were divided into 3 groups: 1 — control; 2 — rats with chronic exposure to sodium fl uoride (NaF) for 9 weeks; 3 — rats receiving a NAF solution with simultaneous administration of a complex drug based on dihydroquercetin at a dose of 3 mg/kg in 1% starch gel for 3, 6 and 9 weeks. The activity of free radical oxidation and antioxidant defense enzymes — superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase-was determined in the cerebral cortex. Th e level of expression of hypoxia-induced transcription factor HIF — 1A and inducible forms of proteins HSP72 and HSP32 were determined in the cytosolic fraction of brain tissue.Results. In the early stages of subchronic fl uoride exposure (1-3 weeks), the expression of protective proteins HIF-1α, HSP72, HSP32 and catalase was shown in the rat cortex, as a result of which the activity of free-radical processes was maintained at the control level. An increase in the timing of fl uoride intake to 9 weeks led to a decrease in antioxidant protection and signifi cant activation of free radical oxidation in brain tissue. Daily administration of a complex drug with dihydroquercetin for 3, 6 and 9 weeks to rats with subchronic fl uoride exposure led to a decrease in the severity of pro- and antioxidant balance disorders in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, the greatest protective eff ect of dihydroquercetin with fl uoride exposure was manifested by the 9th week of its administration.Conclusions. When subchronic intake of fl uorides in the body, the drug based on dihydroquercetin has a neuroprotective eff ect, which is manifested by an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes of fr ee radical oxidation and catalase and the resistance of the cortex to induced fr ee radical oxidation.

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