scholarly journals The Knowledge of Unsafe Abortion among the Youth: The Case of Tamale Metropolis in the Northern Region of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (07) ◽  
pp. 4522-4529
Author(s):  
Der EM ◽  
Ndego SR ◽  
Larbi OS ◽  
Opoku A ◽  
Nakong V
Keyword(s):  
Great Majority ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Unsafe Abortion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
The Mean

Background: Unsafe abortion contributes significantly to maternal deaths in Africa despite the availability of safe abortion services. This study assessed the knowledge of unsafe abortion among the youth within the Tamale Metropolis in the Northern region of Ghana. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using structured questionnaires. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23.0 (Chicago). Result: The mean age of respondents was 23 ±10.4 years. The great majority (98.8%) (P<0.0001) have heard of unsafe abortion. The act is common among young, and unmarried women (P<0.0001). Unsafe abortion is commonly committed outside health facilities (70.9%; P<0.0001), in the communities (73.2%; P<0.0001), supervised by herbalists (53.9%), because of confidentiality (43.5%) and affordability (42.9%). Majority, (77.4%; P<0.0001) have heard of a method of unsafe abortion. The commonly used method was herbal preparation/medicine (264 (77.6%); P<0.0001). The two major reasons for unsafe abortion were: to allow the victim continue with education (47.4%) and to avoid difficulties in caring for the pregnancy and child (25.9%). Approximately, 99.4% (P<0.0001) were aware of some complications associated with unsafe abortion, particularly death (38.8%) and severe bleeding per vaginam (16.5%).  A total of 78 (22.9%) have ever been pregnant, and 68 (87.2%) aborted the pregnancy because their partners did not allow them to keep the pregnancy. The great majority (83.8%) have unsafe abortion at home (59.6%). Conclusion: Respondents had significant knowledge of unsafe abortion and the associated complications. Majority of the respondents who have ever been pregnant had unsafe abortion outside a health facility.

scholarly journals Oral contraceptive among risk factors for women with ischemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Carla S. PALUDO ◽  
Amanda SACHETTI ◽  
Maiara S. PAIXÃO
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of use of oral contraceptives and other risk factors among women with ischemic stroke seen at a hospital in the northern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional study. The population was characterized by patients admitted with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke during a period from March to August 2019 and the sample by female patients found in the population. The data were collected through an individual interview using a questionnaire developed by the researchers and tabulated for further analysis. All analyzes were performed using the statistical program Bioestat 5.0, considering p = 0.05. Results: In the characterization of the sample, an average age of 68.2 years was observed. The occurrence of gender was 52.4% for women. The mean hospital stay was 12.2 ± 8.91 days. Outcome of hospital discharge was 89.1%. The mean value of body mass index was 25 ± 4.89 kg / m², with an average of 27.4 kg / m² in patients who used oral contraceptives and 25.23 kg / m² in patients who did not use oral contraceptives. The sample had a 34.5%incidence of oral contraceptive use. The average age of those who used oral contraceptives was 62.4 years and of the patients who did not use it was 70.3 years. Conclusion: The study showed a high use of oral contraceptives in the sample, with percentage values very close to other factors evaluated, thus showing itself as a probable risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals INTENSITAS NYERI PINGGANG DAN PINGGUL PADA IBU HAMIL YANG MELAKSANAKAN YOGA PRENATAL DI KOTA DENPASAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ni Made Dwi Purnamayanti ◽  
Gusti Ayu Eka Utarini
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Pain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study

Nyeri pinggang dan panggul merupakan keluhan yang umum dirasakan oleh wanita hamil terutama pada akhir kehamilan. Olah raga termasuk yoga prenatal merupakan strategi yang efektif dan disarankan untuk mengatasi nyeri pinggang dan panggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran intensitas nyeri pinggang dan panggul pada ibu hamil trimester III yang melaksanakan yoga prenatal di Kota Denpasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional terhadap 96 ibu hamil trimester III yang melaksanakan yoga prenatal di kota Denpasar. Didapatkan hasil rerata intensitas nyeri pinggang dan panggul yang dirasakan adalah 1.88 (SD ±2.202). Sebagian besar responden (41.7%) merasakan nyeri pada area tulang belakang disekitar lumbal hingga diatas sacrum.Intensitas nyeri pinggang dan pelvis pada ibu hamil trimester III di Kota Denpasar yang melaksanakan yoga prenatal tergolong nyeri intensitas ringan.Lumbopelvic pain are common complaints felt by pregnant women. Exercise, including prenatal yoga, is an effective strategy and is recommended for treating pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. The purpose of the syudi is to know the intensity of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic painamong woman who performe prenatal yoga in Denpasar. This study was an observational descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. The subjeck study was 96 third trimester pregnant women who performed prenatal yoga in Denpasar. The mean pain intensity was 1.88 (SD ± 2.202). Most respondents (41.7%) felt pain in the spinal area around the lumbar to above the sacrum. The intensity of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain among third trimester pregnant women in Denpasar who performe prenatal yoga is mild pain.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Malaria and Hepatitis B Coinfection among Pregnant Women in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Kofi Helegbe ◽  
Paul Armah Aryee ◽  
Baba Sulemana Mohammed ◽  
Anthony Wemakor ◽  
David Kolbila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Background. Coinfections are becoming common risk factors that may contribute to the increased burden of morbidity in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of coinfections of malaria, hepatitis B (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in the Tamale Metropolis. Methods. By means of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), pregnant women attending the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) were screened for malaria, HBV infection, HIV infection, and syphilis from March 2013 to February 2015. Haemoglobin (Hb) values, sickling, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) statuses were also assessed using full blood count (FBC), sodium metabisulphite, and methaemoglobin reduction tests, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risks/odds ratios (ORs) for the coinfections and other variables (age, gravidity, and time of the first ANC visit) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and set p values for accepting any differences at <0.05. Results. Within the two-year study period, data were collected from 3,127 pregnant women. The mean age (SD) of the pregnant women was 28.5 (±5.0) years. Of the total number, seroprevalence was high for malaria (11.6%) and HBV infection (4.2%) and low for HIV infection (1.0%) and syphilis (0.4%) monoinfections. Mal/HBV coinfection was higher (0.7%) when compared with Mal/HIV (0.1%), Mal/syphilis (0.0%), HBV/HIV (0.0%), HBV/syphilis (0.1%), and HIV/syphilis (0.0%) coinfections. The mean Hb (g/dl) for the women with the four monoinfections was significantly different from one another (p=0.009). Pregnant women with malaria infection were about 2 times more likely to be coinfected with HBV even after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.04–2.65, p=0.031). Those in their third trimester and visiting the ANC for the first time were significantly less likely to be infected with HBV (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.28–0.73, p=0.001), with malaria/HBV coinfection (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01–0.68, p=0.020), and with any coinfection (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06–0.63, p=0.007). Conclusion. A comparatively high seroprevalence of malaria and its coinfection with HBV in pregnant women was observed in this study. Considering the effects that both malaria and HBV have on the liver, it would be expedient to conduct further studies to assess liver function among malaria/HBV-infected individuals, while interventions to prevent coinfections among pregnant women are intensified.

Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria among blood donors at tertiary care hospital blood bank

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hira Qadir ◽  
Nadia Nasir ◽  
Shaheen Kouser ◽  
Huma Mansoori ◽  
Nida Qadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Markers ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective:To ascertain the frequency of markers of transfusion-transmitted infections. among blood donors in a blood bank at a tertiary care hospital Material and Methods:The study was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study, covering from 1stJanuary 2013- October 2018 and was conducted in the blood bank section, in the Department of Pathology at Dow University of HealthSciences, Hospital. All blood donors were screened for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV (I & II), syphilis through electrochemiluminescence and malaria (immunochromatography).Data was entered and subsequently analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. The frequency of infectious disease markers (HbsAg, Anti HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria) was calculated among blood donors. Results:The total number of donors in our study was 29732, out of which 2587 donors were positive for an infectious disease.Out of the total donors, 29712 were male and 20 were female. There were 12 volunteer donors and 29720 exchange donors. The mean prevalence of donors with positive infectious markers was as follows; Anti HCV was 3 %, HbsAg was 2.9%, Syphilis was 2.0%, HIV was 0.5% and Malaria was 0.02 %. Conclusion:HbsAg and Anti HCV were the most frequent infections (3%) found in our blood donors, followed by syphilis with a frequency of 2%. Keywords: Blood transfusion, transfusion-transmitted infections, blood donors.

scholarly journals Toxic Metal Contamination of Locally Produced Tobacco in Tamale Metropolis in Northern Region of Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
G. E. Sebiawu ◽  
N. J. Mensah ◽  
E. Amankwah ◽  
S. Antwi-Akomeah
Keyword(s):  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Toxic Metal Contamination

The study was to analyze and determine the toxic metal contamination level of locally produced tobacco sold in the Tamale Metropolis of Northern region. The study was carried out at the Tamale Metropolis of Northern region of Ghana within a period of 12 months. The study focused on the analyses of five (5) toxic metal contaminants in twelve (12) variant locally produced tobacco sold in various spots within the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana. Toxic metals including As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Cr were analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean recorded concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Cr were respectively in the ranges of 0.184 ± 0.011 to 0.515 ± 0.015 µg/kg, 0.0420 ± 0.010 to 3.100 ± 0.000 µg/kg, 0.176 ± 0.016 to 0.291 ± 0.009 µg/kg, 1.169 ± 0.019 to 3.195 ± 0.019 µg/kg and 1.600 ± 0.116 to 3.880 ± 0.369 µg/kg. The mean concentrations of As and Pb measured in all samples tested were below their respective WHO permissible limits of 4.00 ppm and 10.00 ppm. In the case of Cd, mean concentrations measured for all locally produced tobacco tested were above the WHO permissible limits of 0.30 ppm. For the metal Hg, levels measured in 75% of tested locally produced tobacco were slightly above the WHO permissible limit of 0.20 µg/kg. Cr levels measured in 30% of tested locally produced tobacco were below the WHO permissible limits of 2.00 µg/kg. The very presence of these metals typically raises health concerns on consumption in the instances where their levels exceeded permissible guideline limits. The study revealed that Cd, Hg and Cr levels in the locally produced tobacco studied were found to exceed the WHO permissible limits for human consumption by plant uptake with As and Pb levels well below their permissible thresholds. The analyzed locally produced tobacco essentially poses a threat of heavy metal toxicity to consumers via bioaccumulation and bio-concentration in human tissues.

scholarly journals Job Satisfaction among Hemodialysis and Labour Ward Nurses: A Comparative Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Monisayo Olayemi Komolafe
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Labour Ward

Introduction: Increasing CKD cases means higher demands for haemodialysis nurses. Haemodialysis nurses are required to fulfil many demanding roles such as advocate, caregiver, educator, mentor and technician while patients attend a dialysis unit. The complexities of the role that are performed by these nurses along with organization factors within the work environment have led to haemodialysis nurses experiencing high levels of burnout thus impacting on satisfaction derived from job done. Objectives: To compare job satisfaction among haemodialysis nurses with that of labour ward nurses and determine if the type of patient managed affects job satisfaction of nurses. Methodology: The multidimensional Job satisfaction scale designed and validated by Murat Ozpehlivan and Zafer Acar was used to determine job satisfaction among sixty-six hemodialysis nurses and sixty-four labour ward nurses in a cross sectional comparative descriptive study. Statistical significance difference between the two group of nurses attributed to events with a p-value lower than 5% (p < 0.05). Results: The overall mean job satisfaction score was higher among the labour ward nurses 67.95 ± 13.39 compared to the mean score among renal nurses 65.07 ± 14.24 (T= 1.81, p = 0.240). The mean score of labour ward nurses regarding satisfaction based on patient managed 74.51 ± 14.96 is higher than the mean score among renal participants of 71.21 ± 14.70 (T= 1.27, p = 0.201). Conclusion: Hemodialysis nurses in Nigeria are satisfied with the job they do and this is comparable to that of nurses in labour ward.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the intensity and discomfort of perioperative thirst

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isadora Pierotti ◽  
Isabela Fernanda Larios Fracarolli ◽  
Lígia Fahl Fonseca ◽  
Patrícia Aroni
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Numerical Scale ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Spearman Coefficient ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the intensity and discomfort of perioperative thirst and related factors during anesthesia recovery. Method: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Results: Of the 203 participants, 182 (89.6%) reported they were thirsty. The mean intensity of thirst was 6.9 measured using a verbal numerical scale of 0 to 10 and discomfort was 7.3 on a scale of 0 to 14. All attributes evaluated by the scale were cited including dry mouth and desire to drink water (87.3%), dry lips (79.1%), thick tongue feeling (43.4%), thick saliva (56.5%), dry throat (75.2%) and bad taste in the mouth (63.1%). There was a positive correlation between the intensity of thirst and discomfort assessed by the scale (Spearman coefficient: 0.474; p-value: <0.05). No correlation was found between age, length of fasting and use of opioids with the intensity of thirst and discomfort. Conclusion and implication in the clinical practice: Discomfort arising from the attributes of thirst is evidenced as the intensity of thirst increases.

scholarly journals Problems Faced By Kith & Kin in Dealing with Their Parents

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
SA Chowdhury ◽  
S Jabeen
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Financial Constraint ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Limited Space ◽  
Average Monthly Income ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: This study was conducted to find out the problems faced by the kith and kin (children) to deal with their aged parents.Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among the rural people of Dhamrai, who had either one or both living parents. Data was collected from January to March, 2008.Results: Three hundred respondents were interviewed; the mean age was 33.73 (S.D ±7.27) years. Most of the respondents were Muslims (92%) and male (86%). Majority were day labourer (37.3%), agriculture worker (26%) and businessman (19.3%). Rests were service holders (11.3%) and housewives (9%). The educational levels of the respondents were SSC and above (41%) while 8.6% were illiterate. Mean family size was 5.5 members with mean average monthly income 4173(S.D ±2007.77) taka. Majority of the respondents (58.3%) had their parents living with them and 92% parents were dependant upon them for their living. More than half (56%) respondents had problems due to the presence of their parents in their families. Among them, majority (63%) had financial constrain, others were too busy with occupation (18%), limited space in their houses (10%), due to pressure from family members family members (9%). More financial support (32%), more attention (31%), more honour (20%) were the main expectations from their kith and kin by the parents.Conclusion: The main problems found among the majority (56%) of the respondents were, financial constraint (63%), busy with occupation (18%), limited space at home(10%), and non co-operation from other family members(9%). Key Words: Kith & Kin; Caregivers; Elderly DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v17i2.6592J Dhaka Med Coll. 2008; 17(2) : 106-110

scholarly journals General Public’s Knowledge Regarding Basic Life Support: A Pilot Study with a Portuguese Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Carla Sá-Couto ◽  
Abel Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Previous Training

Introduction: Basic life support is a key manoeuvre in a cardiac arrest situation that can often save a victim’s life. This study investigates the general public’s knowledge about the fundamentals of basic life support, and its association with previous training/education on basic life support and self-perception of knowledge. A secondary goal is to assess the opinion on training needs.Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study, using a convenience sample of 655 individuals. A survey containing 21 questions was applied. A descriptive and inferential statistical analysis explored potential associations between variables.Results: The mean score for general knowledge (75.9% ± 14.2%) was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001) than for technical knowledge (31.2% ± 29.7). Considering the overall knowledge, the mean score was 49.0% ± 20.3%, with 100 (15.3%) respondents scoring equal or higher than 70%, and only 12 (1.8%) answering all questions correctly. Less than 30% of the sample had previous training in basic life support.Discussion: The source of knowledge and time elapsed from previous training have relevant and statistically significant associations with the knowledge scores. Association of the self-perception of knowledge and the actual scores showed, in general, that participants have a correct perception of their knowledge. The knowledge scores indicate clear lack of training and knowledge among the general population.Conclusion: The results of this study reinforce the need for practical and regular basic life support training, ideally early in life and in the workplace. Participants recognize that they have residual or low basic life support knowledge and are motivated to attend training and refresher courses. 

scholarly journals Gambaran fungsi penghidu dengan Sniffin’ sticks pada pasien rinitis alergi

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Endah Ardianti ◽  
Nina Irawati ◽  
Niken Lestari Poerbonegoro ◽  
Saptawati Bardosono
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Identification Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Olfactory Disturbance ◽  
Key Words Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Tdi Score

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is defined as an inflammation of the lining mucosa of the nose induced by allergen exposure. The olfactory disturbance could affect around 21%-23% of AR patients.Purpose: To determine the olfactory performance of AR patients at the Allergy-Immunology outpatientclinic, ENT Department, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. To find out the mean difference of olfactorythreshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) score between intermittent AR group and persistent ARgroup, and also to determine the percentage of the AR patient who had olfactory disturbance. Method:Observational descriptive study with cross sectional method to assess the TDI in AR patients using theSniffin’ sticks extended test. Results: The olfactory performance characteristics of AR patients were:threshold score 0,25; discrimination score 7,00; identification score 10,10; TDI score 23,50. There wasno statistical difference of the TDI mean score between intermittent AR group and persistent AR group.In our study, 45% of all AR subjects were reported to have olfactory disturbance. Conclusion: The TDIresults which represent olfactory function of AR patients were lower compared to the healthy subjects. Key words: allergic rhinitis, olfactory function, Sniffin’ sticks  Abstrak :  Latar belakang: Rinitis alergi (RA) adalah penyakit inflamasi mukosa hidung akibat pajanan terhadap suatu alergen. Sekitar 21% sampai 23% pasien RA dapat mengalami gangguan penghidu. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran fungsi penghidu pada pasien rinitis alergi (RA). Menentukan perbedaan rerata nilai ambang, diskriminasi dan identifikasi (ADI) pada pasien RA intermiten dan persisten, dan mengetahui persentase pasien RA dengan gangguan fungsi penghidu di poliklinik Divisi Alergi-Imunologi, Departemen THT RSCM. Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan metode potong lintang untuk menilai ADI penghidu pada percontoh RA menggunakan pemeriksaan Sniffin’ sticks extended test. Hasil: Didapati karakteristik fungsi penghidu percontoh RA ambang 0,25; diskriminasi 7,00; identifikasi 10,10; nilai ADI 23,50. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna rerata nilai ADI antara kelompok rinitis alergi persisten dan intermiten. Diperoleh 45% dari seluruh percontoh RA mengalami gangguan fungsi penghidu. Kesimpulan: Nilai ADI yang merupakan fungsi penghidu pasien RA lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan subjek sehat.   Kata kunci: rinitis alergi, fungsi penghidu, Sniffin’ sticks

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