Impacts of crop raiding by wildlife on communities in buffer zone of Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhutan

This study was carried out in Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhutan to assess the consequence of crop raided by conflict species in four villages located in the buffer zone. Data were collected through semi-structured household interviews, direct observation, and key informant interviews. The majority of households interviewed (95.5%) reported the prevalence of crop depredation by wild animals. The results also indicated that crop loss was significant and more frequent near the forest edge compared to crops located distant from the forest. Porcupine was reported to be the most destructive wild animal followed by the monkey and wild pig. Wild animals caused considerable economic loss to households by raiding their crops. We propose collaboration between wildlife managers, researchers, and affected communities to come up with a sound management intervention strategy to lessen the crop raiding. For immediate and effective protection of the crops, we recommend the installation of solar and electric fencing to reduce the severity of crop raiding.

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LIVELIHOOD IN BHITARKANIKA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, INDIA: AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM PRACTICES

The Singapore Economic Review ◽

10.1142/s0217590817410065 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (03) ◽

pp. 653-681

Author(s):

MADHUMITA DAS ◽

BANI CHATTERJEE

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Impact Assessment ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Crop Damage ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Wildlife Sanctuary ◽

Forest Department ◽

Employment Opportunities ◽

Animal Conflict ◽

Major Occupation

The present study examines the livelihood impact of ecotourism policy in Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary (BKWS), Odisha, India. Results confirm that ecotourism has created several employment opportunities for the locals and the participants earn better compared to the non-participants. However, the locals suffer due to man-animal conflict and the non-participants suffer the most as farming is their major occupation. Crop damage and livestock depredation by wild animals cause a great economic loss to the villagers. The losses often result in aggravating poverty, food insecurity, additional expenses for investing on mitigating measures and consequently diminished state of socio-economic wellbeing. Thus proper measures can go a long way in founding a better relationship between the forest department and the villagers.

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REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE NOSOLOGICAL PROFILE OF INFECTIOUS ANIMAL DISEASES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

Innovations and Food Safety ◽

10.31677/2072-6724-2021-32-2-73-81 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 73-81

Author(s):

O. B. Badmaeva

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Natural Focus ◽

Regional Features ◽

Focal Infection ◽

Natural Foci ◽

The Republic ◽

Domestic Carnivores

On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, the epizootological profile is formed by 8 nosological forms of infectious pathology of farm animals. The dominant epizootic significance is rabies, leptospirosis, brucellosis. Rabies was registered in 8 (38.1 %) rural administrative districts of the republic and in the urban district of Ulan-Ude. In the total number of cases of rabies, the disease of farm animals occupies 48.3%, domestic carnivores-3.9, and in 47.6% of cases, epizootic foci began among wild animals. The main reservoir of the rabies virus is the wild fox: 46.2 % in the total number of cases and 97.1 % - in autochthonous epizootic foci. Leptospirosis in the conditions of Buryatia is an indigenous natural focal infection with a pronounced indicator of epizootic manifestation in the form of infection of animals without clinical signs. It is registered in 11 (52.4 %) rural administrative districts of the republic in 1.5 % of cattle and 0.6% of horses. The unfavorable situation with bovine brucellosis persisted from 2009 to 2018, 26 unfavorable points were registered. In the Jida district, 5 km from the state border with Mongolia, brucellosis was first registered in a dog. In this area, the corridor of migration of wild animals across the border passes, which confirms the assumption of the existence of natural foci of brucellosis in the transboundary territories of Russia and Mongolia and the introduction of the pathogen from the natural focus to the territory of the buffer zone farms.

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Livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Indian trans-Himalaya: conflict perceptions and conservation prospects

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892997000441 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 338-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 173

Author(s):

CHARUDUTT MISHRA

Keyword(s):

Canis Lupus ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Snow Leopard ◽

Wildlife Sanctuary ◽

Short Term ◽

Livestock Depredation ◽

Long Run ◽

The Government ◽

Wild Predators ◽

Human Wildlife Conflict

Livestock depredation by the snow leopard, Uncia uncia, and the wolf, Canis lupus, has resulted in a human-wildlife conflict that hinders the conservation of these globally-threatened species throughout their range. This paper analyses the alleged economic loss due to livestock depredation by these carnivores, and the retaliatory responses of an agro-pastoral community around Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian trans-Himalaya. The three villages studied (80 households) attributed a total of 189 livestock deaths (18% of the livestock holding) over a period of 18 months to wild predators, and this would amount to a loss per household equivalent to half the average annual per capita income. The financial compensation received by the villagers from the Government amounted to 3% of the perceived annual loss. Recent intensification of the conflict seems related to a 37.7% increase in livestock holding in the last decade. Villagers have been killing the wolf, though apparently not the snow leopard. A self-financed compensation scheme, and modification of existing livestock pens are suggested as area-specific short-term measures to reduce the conflict. The need to address the problem of increasing livestock holding in the long run is emphasized.

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HUMAN-WILD MAMMAL CONFLICT IN A HUMAN DOMINATED MIDHILL LANDSCAPE: A CASE STUDY FROM PANCHASE AREA IN CHITWAN ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE, NEPAL

Journal of Institute of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/jist.v23i1.22158 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 30-38

Author(s):

Jagan Nath Adhikari ◽

Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai ◽

Tej Bahadur Thapa

Keyword(s):

Group Discussion ◽

Black Bear ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Crop Raiding ◽

Wild Mammal ◽

Livestock Depredation ◽

Wildlife Conflict ◽

Main Crop ◽

Human Wildlife Conflict

Issues of human wildlife conflict (HWC) always challenges in conservation and management. Crop raiding, property damage, livestock depredation and human casualties are the most common forms of conflict. It was investigated the issues of human wild mammal conflict in and around the Panchase area in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape of Nepal from March 2017 to April 2018 using semi-structured questionnaires and focal group discussion. Wide spread human wildlife conflict was observed in Panchase area. Monkey, muntjac deer, porcupine and rabbit were the main crop raider that resulted in total economic loss of US$ 29.56 per household (HH). Overall economic loss by livestock depredation was estimated US$ 11254.54 (US$ 112.54/HH). Leopard contributed to the highest cases of livestock depredation. A total of five human attack cases were recorded including one fatal and four injuries. Himalayan black bear contributed to 80 % of the total attacks and 20 % by leopards. Present study focused on the issues and status of conflicts in the Panchase area, a representative of midhills and Chitwan Annapurana Landscape. This study suggests that future study related to mitigation and preventing methods should be conducted to minimize the issues of human wildlife conflicts.

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Elephants and Electric Fences

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605300038862 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 255-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. A. Hislop

Keyword(s):

Wild Animals ◽

Crop Raiding ◽

Electric Fence

Although the electric fence has been proved a successful deterrent to crop-raiding deer, pig, gaur and other wild animals, I hesitate to sing its praises against elephant.

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Are pandemics associated with intensive livestock production?

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl201217002a ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2-2

Author(s):

Ole Alvseike ◽

Tore Tollersrud ◽

Bojan Blagojevic

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

One Health ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Small Scale ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

The World ◽

Primary Driver ◽

To Come

Covid-19 has awakened the world to the importance of infectious diseases. However, it also affected several people, including researchers, as well as some organizations to blame the pandemic on intensive livestock production. Several factors contribute to the fact that the next pandemic is less likely to come from intensive livestock farming than from wild animals and traditional small-scale livestock production. However, there are also the facts that support the role of intensive production in spreading of diseases. One Health - the interaction between the health of humans, animals and the environment has received a lot of attention. Livestock production plays a role in these interactions, but is not a primary driver for the development of new pandemics.

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Crop Protection and Its Effectiveness against Wildlife: A Case Study of Two Villages of Shivapuri National Park, Nepal

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v16i1.14352 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sudip Pandey ◽

Siddhartha Bajra Bajracharya

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

National Park ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Well Being ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Crop Damage

A complex relationship between the residents and protected areas continue to be an obstacle to successful conservation of protected areas. Conflicts between park authority and people living around the park pose a threat to conservation. Moreover, crop depredation due to wildlife incurs a severe economic loss to communities living in the close vicinity of the park, affecting the livelihood and well-being of locals. Many studies have been carried out emphasizing the identification and quantification of crop damage, but studies highlighting the means used for the crop protection and their effectiveness are limited. This paper examines frequency of the crop damage by wildlife and efficacy of utilized management practices in Shivapuri National Park (SNP). Altogether 132 households were visited in two buffer zone villages namely, Sikre and Jhor Mahankhal of Shivapuri National Park, Nepal. The study suggested that crop depredation by wildlife was a function of several factors, namely, distance of the farmland from the park, size of the crop raiding animals, frequency of their attacks on the farmland, and the type of crops. Five different measures were identified by the communities which they regularly used to prevent crop damage. Both traditional as well as modern means were used by households to guard crops from invading wild animals. The means of crop protection from wildlife differed according to the type of animal and crop being protected. Biofencing and trenches were effective for the small animals. Watch tower “Machans” and throwing flaming sticks and making noises were the most effective and safest means of crop guarding from all kind of animals. Though crop guarding was intensive, no means were found to be able to prevent crop damage completely. Thus, site specific management strategies as well as technical and financial support from donor organizations would be most useful to minimize crop loss.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 1-10

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Postchill Antimicrobial Treatments To Control Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter Contamination on Chicken Skin Used in Ground Chicken

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-254 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 857-862 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Suejee Park ◽

Mark A. Harrison ◽

Mark E. Berrang

Keyword(s):

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Meat Product ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Effective Intervention Strategy ◽

Chicken Skin ◽

Regulatory Scrutiny ◽

To Come ◽

Antimicrobial Treatments

ABSTRACT Ground poultry products are frequently contaminated with foodborne pathogens. With the potential for increased regulatory scrutiny, it is important to use sufficient intervention strategies to control pathogen levels effectively. A large proportion of the bacteria introduced to ground chicken are likely to come from broiler skin, which is added to achieve target fat content and maintain product texture and taste. In this research, antimicrobials, including 50 ppm of chlorine and 1,200 ppm of peracetic acid (PAA), were applied in a postchill system to reduce the number of Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter coli inoculated on chicken skin used to formulate ground chicken. Results showed that chlorine provided no significant effect in reducing the number of pathogens in ground chicken made with treated skin compared with water treatment but that it did help decrease pathogens in postchill water. PAA was found to be an effective (P ≤ 0.05) antimicrobial agent, not only in reducing the number of pathogens on ground chicken, but also in postchill water. Treating chicken skin with PAA prior to inclusion in ground chicken can be an effective intervention strategy to lessen contamination in a ground chicken meat product.

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Odonata Recorded in the Buffer Zone of Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary with Remarks on the Distribution of Endangered Risiocnemis antoniae in Davao Oriental Philippines

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb10110253 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 14-20

Author(s):

Milton Norman Dejadena MEDINA ◽

Analyn A. CABRAS ◽

Reagan Joseph T. VILLANUEVA ◽

Ruel COLONG

Keyword(s):

Buffer Zone ◽

Wildlife Sanctuary ◽

Local Conservation ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Transect Line ◽

Heritage Site ◽

Lower Elevation ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Fluvial Ecosystem ◽

High Level

Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary is both a UNESCO and ASEAN recognised heritage site. There is a current move to expand the site by expanding the buffer zone. This area unfortunately is poorly studied in terms of its biodiversity. This paper explores the odonata species found in the proposed buffer zone. Transect line along fluvial ecosystem was established in the two bordering municipalities. A total of 32 species from 22 genera and nine families were recorded in which eighteen species (18) belong to the suborder Zygoptera while 14 species are Anisoptera. High level of endemism was recorded for Zygoptera (94.44%) endemism while low endemism for Anisoptera (21.43%). Distribution of Risiocnemis antoniea (Gassmann and Hämäläinen, 2002), an IUCN endangered damselfly was recorded in the creeks of Barangay Tandang Sora, Governor Generoso at relatively lower elevation between 100-300 meters above sea level. Due to its habitat’s close proximity to human habitation and the encroaching anthropogenic disturbances, it should be declared as Local Conservation Area.

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