Role of Exogenous Melatonin, Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitric Oxide on Organic Acid Content of Eruca sativa L. under Salt Stress

Salt stress affects agricultural output by influencing numerous internal metabolisms in plants and disrupting physiological and biochemical activities such as photosynthesis, translocation, respiration, and growth stimulants. The role of exogenous melatonin, hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide application on the organic acid contents of rocket plants under salt stress was examined in this study. Different salt doses (0, 150 and 250 mM NaCl) and exogenous applications (0, 50 and100 µM) were made to rocket plants under the greenhouse conditions. Plants leaves and roots exhibited a decline in the organic acid contents under salinity stress. Application of the amendments, however, was found significant in mitigating the negative effect of salt stress. Melatonin and hydrogen sulfide treatments had a stronger anti-salt action in the leaves. On the other hand, nitrous oxide role was more obvious in the roots followed by melatonin. With this, exogenous applications to the plant mitigated the harmful effects of salt stress on organic acid contents depending on the dose.

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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species, Kinases, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Autophagy and Their Impact on Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in the Heart

Current Cardiology Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573403x16666201014142446 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Andrey Krylatov ◽

Leonid Maslov ◽

Sergey Y. Tsibulnikov ◽

Nikita Voronkov ◽

Alla Boshchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Ischemia And Reperfusion Injury ◽

Adaptive Process

: There is considerable evidence in the heart that autophagy in cardiomyocytes is activated by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or in hearts by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Depending upon the experimental model and duration of ischemia, increases in autophagy in this setting maybe beneficial (cardioprotective) or deleterious (exacerbate I/R injury). Aside from the conundrum as to whether or not autophagy is an adaptive process, it is clearly regulated by a number of diverse molecules including reactive oxygen species (ROS), various kinases, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). The purpose this review is to address briefly the controversy regarding the role of autophagy in this setting and to examine a variety of disparate molecules that are involved in its regulation.

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The Role of Host-Generated H2S in Microbial Pathogenesis: New Perspectives on Tuberculosis

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2020.586923 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Md. Aejazur Rahman ◽

Joel N. Glasgow ◽

Sajid Nadeem ◽

Vineel P. Reddy ◽

Ritesh R. Sevalkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Host Immunity ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

Enzymatic Production ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Wide Range

For centuries, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was considered primarily as a poisonous gas and environmental hazard. However, with the discovery of prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes for H2S production, breakdown, and utilization, H2S has emerged as an important signaling molecule in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Hence, H2S is considered a gasotransmitter along with nitric oxide (•NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Surprisingly, despite having overlapping functions with •NO and CO, the role of host H2S in microbial pathogenesis is understudied and represents a gap in our knowledge. Given the numerous reports that followed the discovery of •NO and CO and their respective roles in microbial pathogenesis, we anticipate a rapid increase in studies that further define the importance of H2S in microbial pathogenesis, which may lead to new virulence paradigms. Therefore, this review provides an overview of sulfide chemistry, enzymatic production of H2S, and the importance of H2S in metabolism and immunity in response to microbial pathogens. We then describe our current understanding of the role of host-derived H2S in tuberculosis (TB) disease, including its influences on host immunity and bioenergetics, and on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth and survival. Finally, this review discusses the utility of H2S-donor compounds, inhibitors of H2S-producing enzymes, and their potential clinical significance.

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Role of hydrogen sulfide in alleviating oxidative stress in plants through induction of antioxidative defense mechanism, and modulations of physiological and biochemical components

Hydrogen Sulfide in Plant Biology ◽

10.1016/b978-0-323-85862-5.00006-3 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 55-85

Author(s):

Monika Patel ◽

Asish Kumar Parida

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Antioxidative Defense ◽

Biochemical Components ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

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Exogenous Melatonin Improves Salt Tolerance by Mitigating Osmotic, Ion, and Oxidative Stresses in Maize Seedlings

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10050663 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 663 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jianhong Ren ◽

Jun Ye ◽

Lina Yin ◽

Gouxia Li ◽

Xiping Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Short Term Treatment ◽

Exogenous Melatonin ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Oxidative Stresses

Melatonin has been confirmed extensively for the positive effects on increasing plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. However, the roles of melatonin in mediating different stresses still need to be explored in different plants species and growth periods. To investigate the role of melatonin in mitigating salt stress, maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings growing in hydroponic solution were treated with 100 mM NaCl combined with or without 1 μM melatonin. Melatonin application had no effects on maize growth under normal condition, while it moderately alleviated the NaCl-induced inhibition of plant growth. The leaf area, biomass, and photosynthesis of melatonin-treated plants were higher than that of without melatonin under NaCl treatment. The osmotic potential was lower, and the osmolyte contents (including sucrose and fructose) were higher in melatonin-treated plants. Meanwhile, the decreases in Na+ content and increases in K+/Na+ ratio were found in shoots of melatonin-applied plant under salt stress. Moreover, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities were significantly increased in leaves with melatonin application under salt treatment. These results clearly indicate that the exogenous melatonin-enhanced salt tolerance under short-term treatment could be ascribed to three aspects, including osmotic adjustment, ion balance, and alleviation of salt-induced oxidative stress.

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Interactive role of nitric oxide and calcium chloride in enhancing tolerance to salt stress

Nitric Oxide ◽

10.1016/j.niox.2012.07.005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 210-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

M. Nasir Khan ◽

Manzer H. Siddiqui ◽

Firoz Mohammad ◽

M. Naeem

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Calcium Chloride

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Evaluation of resistance and the role of some defense responses in wheat cultivars to Fusarium head blight

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.1515/jppr-2017-0054 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Nima Khaledi ◽

Parissa Taheri ◽

Mahrokh Falahati-Rastegar

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Head Blight ◽

Callose Deposition ◽

Basal Resistance ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are the causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereal crops worldwide. Application of resistant cultivars is the most effective and economic method for management of FHB and reducing mycotoxin production in wheat. Understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in basal resistance of wheat to FHB disease is limited. In this research, after screening resistance levels of eighteen wheat cultivars planted in Iran, Gaskozhen and Falat were identified as partially resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars against Fusarium spp., respectively. Also, we investigated the role of hydroxyl radical (OH−), nitric oxide (NO), callose deposition, lipid peroxidation and protein content in basal resistance of wheat to the hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic Fusarium species causing FHB. Nitric oxide as a signaling molecule may be involved in physiological and defensive processes in plants. Our results showed that NO generation increased in seedlings and spikes of wheat cultivars after inoculation with Fusarium species. We observed earlier and stronger callose deposition at early time points after infection by Fusarium spp. isolates than in non-infected plants, which was positively related to the resistance levels in wheat cultivars. Higher levels of OH− and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation (as a marker of lipid peroxidation) were observed in the Falat than in the Gaskozhen cultivar, under non-infected and infected conditions. So, estimation of lipid peroxidation could be useful to evaluate cultivars’ susceptibility. These findings can provide novel insights for better recognition of physiological and biochemical markers of FHB resistance, which could be used for rapid screening of resistance levels in wheat cultivars against this destructive fungal disease.

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