Freedom, Responsibility, and Privatization

Privatization ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 223-245
Author(s):  
Eric Macgilvray
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Public And Private

This chapter argues that the logic of a principled distinction between public and private presupposes the existence of a liberal state, and that the key value liberals have typically appealed to in drawing the boundary is that of freedom. The author insists that such freedom is complex: in analyzing liberal freedom, we aim both at identifying the conditions under which agents can properly be held responsible (termed republican freedom), and at defining a social space within which the requirements of responsible agency may be diminished (market freedom). Liberalism unifies republican and market freedom; the debate over the boundary between public and private, understood this way, is core to its project, and is unresolvable.

Digital Mediation, Soft Cabs, and Spatial Labour

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Donald N. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Home Care Providers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Critics of digitally mediated labour platforms (often called the “sharing” or “gig economy”) have focused on the character and extent of the control exerted by these platforms over both workers and customers, and in particular on the precarizing impact on the workers on whose labor the services depend. Less attention has been paid to the specifically spatial character of the forms of work targeted by mobile digital platforms. The production and maintenance of urban social space has always been dependent, to a large degree, on work that involves the crossing of spatial boundaries - particularly between public and private spaces, but also crossing spaces segregated by class, race, and gender. Delivery workers, cabdrivers, day labourers, home care providers, and similar boundary-crossers all perform spatial work: the work of moving between and connecting spaces physically, experientially, and through representation. Spatial work contributes to the production and reproduction of social space; it is also productive of three specific, though interrelated, products: physical movement from one place to another; the experience of this movement; and the articulation of these places, experiences, and movements with visions of society and of the social. Significantly, it is precisely such spatial work, and its products, which mobile digital platforms seek most urgently to transform. Drawing on several recent studies of “ridesharing” (or soft cab) labour platforms, I interrogate the impact of digital mediation on the actual practices involved in spatial work. I argue that the roll-out of digital labour platforms needs to be understood in terms of a struggle over the production of social space.

scholarly journals Co-Creative Urbanism The production of plural evolutionary spatialities through conflicts and complicities between public and private in the streets of Hanoi, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 132-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfredo Manfredini ◽  
Anh-Dung Ta
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Central City ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Central District ◽  
The One ◽  
Local Agencies ◽  
The Impact

Under the impact of economic globalization, today cities put a high priority to improve their attractiveness and become ideal destinations for global capital and elites (William S.W. Lim, 2014). Results of these “improvements” are often severe gentrification and spectacularisation processes that compromise resilience of local communities. These have an important impact on the materiality of tradition that constitutes complex of historical, social and cultural linkages is being gradually decontextualized and commodified, severely damaging local identity, community and knowledge (William S. W. Lim, 2013). Epitomes of these disruptions of complex rooted linkages are the “creative,” post-consumerist landscapes of consumption, ubiquitously emerging in public spaces of ancient central city streets.Contrasting such tendency of producing deterritorialised places of consumption, trapping people for hours at a time in hyper-real spaces, relevant socio-spatial instances of resistance are found. This paper explores the complex spatialities of conceptions, everyday practices and actions of one of these places that preserves genuine rhythms of daily lives. The historical central district of Hanoi is chosen as case study, where local inhabitants develop idiosyncratic tactics to engage with public space, encroaching sidewalks with complex set of practices. These are places where local inhabitants everyday actualise complex sets of conceptions, practices and actions that notably exemplifies those that produce differential spaces - using the notion proposed by Henri Lefebvre. Disassociating from regulated, limited, planned and homogenized environments as occurring in present shopping malls and theme parks, the central district of Hanoi sidewalks offer chances for accidental encounters, unexpected events and support a very diverse range of local inhabitants in an extremely active and dynamic play. The sidewalks appear as a loosen space (Franck & Stevens, 2007), where unpredictable uses, intermingled spatial interconnections and complex social interrelations generate.This paper discusses the findings of a research aimed to explore (how – what – why) the interaction between the multifarious spatial activities of residents and transients, and describe the patterns of such inclusionary relations. Particularly, the study intends to demonstrate how there is a (ambivalent condition in witch) complex networks of social activities produce and are produced by a distinct set of spatialities that involve inclusive networks of local agencies. So as to achieve the target, the theoretical lenses of Lefebvre’s spatialities and Kim’s spatial ethnography are useful, on the one hand to comprehensively decode and interpret “social space” and on the other hand to clearly describe such space.

scholarly journals Between Tradition and Modernity: Determining Spatial Systems of Privacy in the Domestic Architecture of Contemporary Iraq

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Thahab ◽  
Sabah Mushatat ◽  
Mohammed Gamal Abdelmonem
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Spatial Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The notion of privacy represents a central criterion for both indoor and outdoor social spaces in most traditional Arab settlements. This paper investigates privacy and everyday life as determinants of the physical properties and patterns of the built and urban fabric and will study their impact on traditional settlements and architecture of the home in the contemporary Iraqi city. It illustrates the relationship between socio-cultural aspects of public and private realms using the notion of the social sphere as an investigative tool of the concept of social space in Iraqi houses and local communities (Mahalla). This paper reports that in spite of the impact of other factors in articulating built forms, privacy embodies the primary role under the effects of Islamic rules, principles and culture. The crucial problem is the underestimation of traditional inherited values through opening social spaces to the outside that giving unlimited accesses to the indoor social environment creating many problems with regard to privacy and communal social integration.

scholarly journals Urban Connective Syntax: Re-Imagining the Connective Relationshops of Social Space in Toronto’s Downtown Core

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Smart
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
City Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
City Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
City Core ◽  
The City

Urban metropolitan city-centers offer the most complex, socially connective environments in the built world. The social structures fundamentally embedded in city life are, however increasingly being overshadowed by an isolating system of city densification. The City of Toronto, as a territory of exploration, is one of many cities that are evolving a dense array of restrictive boundaries that increasingly challenge human connectivity, and the deep-rooted ability of these environments to establish vibrant city life. It is the role of architecture to mediate the relationships between the public and private territories and to understand how these environments are utilized and engaged by the surrounding context. This thesis has extracted critical environmental components exemplified in city, community, and building territories, and has re-integrated these defining characteristics into an alternative design strategy that establishes a balanced symbiotic relationship between the private and public realms of Toronto’s future City Core.

No Malibu Surfer Left Behind: Three Tales About Market Coercion

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsbjørn Melkevik
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Classical Liberal ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACT:This article examines the question of private coercion in market societies, arguing for an unconditional basic income guarantee from a classical liberal viewpoint. It proposes three main arguments. First, classical liberals view the purpose of government to be the reduction of coercion, both public and private. Second, a proper understanding of the nature of coercion indicates that parties subject to certain types of hardship are being coerced. Third, where the total amount of coercion is reduced by eliminating the hardship, the classical liberal state must do so as to fulfill its purpose. Hence, this article argues that if the total amount of coercion in society can be reduced by the state employing the amount of coercion necessary to maintain an unconditional basic income guarantee, then the classical liberal state is obligated to maintain such a guarantee by its underlying justification.

scholarly journals Urban Connective Syntax: Re-Imagining the Connective Relationshops of Social Space in Toronto’s Downtown Core

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Smart
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
City Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
City Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
City Core ◽  
The City

Urban metropolitan city-centers offer the most complex, socially connective environments in the built world. The social structures fundamentally embedded in city life are, however increasingly being overshadowed by an isolating system of city densification. The City of Toronto, as a territory of exploration, is one of many cities that are evolving a dense array of restrictive boundaries that increasingly challenge human connectivity, and the deep-rooted ability of these environments to establish vibrant city life. It is the role of architecture to mediate the relationships between the public and private territories and to understand how these environments are utilized and engaged by the surrounding context. This thesis has extracted critical environmental components exemplified in city, community, and building territories, and has re-integrated these defining characteristics into an alternative design strategy that establishes a balanced symbiotic relationship between the private and public realms of Toronto’s future City Core.

Public Integrity. By J. Patrick Dobel. Baltimore, MD, and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. 260p. $38.00.

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-204
Author(s):  
Andrew Stark
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
The State ◽  
Oxford English Dictionary ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
Johns Hopkins University

Integrity is a shifty, furtive concept. Philosophers have had a hard time defining the idea because it raises a couple of recurrent perplexities. First, consider former Speaker Jim Wright's remark that "integrity is . . . the state or quality of being complete, undivided, [and] unbroken," or the Oxford English Dictionary connotation of an "unbroken state" of "material wholeness." The problem is that integrity, so understood, seems to leave no room for the possibility of individuals whose lives display any kind of self-critical revi- sion, changes in course, or discontinuities over historical time, or for those who compartmentalize, differentiate, and assume conflicting roles across social space; in other words, for all of us. We need, as Amelie Rorty has written ("Integ- rity: Political, not Psychological," in Alan Montefiore and David Vines, eds., Integrity in the Public and Private Domains, 1999), a far better account as to how and where "integration and integrity . . . coincide".

Chinese Religious Reform

Asian Survey ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo Cheng-tian
Keyword(s):  
Significant Progress ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Religious Reform ◽  
Education Campaign ◽  
The Past ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
Party State

Abstract The Chinese Christian Patriotic Education campaign demonstrates that the party-state has adapted itself to the religious politics among various public and private institutional actors, pivotally coordinated by the relatively liberal State Administration for Religious Affairs. Consequentially, religious freedom in China has made slow but significant progress in the past decade.

scholarly journals Airtime: the public sphere, the public screen, and AIDS activism in contemporary North America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Burwell
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Aids Activism ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
The Public Sphere

Through a complex web of technological innovations, social and political changes, and market forces over the last century, we have witnessed vast changes in the arrangement and environments of public and private space. Douglas Kellner observes that "a media culture has emerged in which images, sounds, and spectacles help produce the fabric of everyday life, dominating leisure time, shaping political views and social behavior, and providing the materials out of which people forge their very identities" (Media Culture, 1). The introduction of visual media such as television and personal computers, as well as the popularization of the internet over the last two decades, has brought about major shifts in our conception of the public sphere. Most notable is the transformation, outlined by Jurgen Habermas, from the bourgeois public sphere to a public sphere marked and shaped by mass media and spectacle. Ideally, Habermas' bourgeois public sphere is structured as a social space in which private citizens may assemble to discuss, debate, and come to consensus in order to mediate between the state and civil society. According to Habermas, however, this ideal has been brought to its demise largely because of the influence of the mass media. Habermas' ideal public sphere rests on notions of consensus brought about by rational debate which has been replaced by consumption and uncritical reception. He concludes that the "world fashioned by the mass media is a public sphere in appearance only" (Structural Transformation 171).

ФАШИСТСКАЯ МОРАЛЬ VS. МЫШЛЕНИЕ

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
E. I. Naumova ◽  
A. V. Makarin
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Banality Of Evil ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes

this article is about the conflict between such phenomenons as the fascist morality and thinking. The fascist morality is the distinctive feature of the totalitarian regimes, it based on the capitalist rationality. The origins of the capitalist rationality are connected with two processes: the extinction of the antique division into public and private sphere and the expropriation of the property. In antique time the property was the private space of the person, the place of his birth and death. The expropriation happened with the Reformation that, firstly, lead to the destruction of the dichotomy public/private and, secondly, laid foundation for the capitalism. The social space destroyed the public/private sphere and the social possession of the things emerged instead of the private property. The man alienated of the world and earth and it means the transition from the modus «taking care of ourselves» to the regime of production. The «mass» person, atomized and lonely, appeared with the classless society, imperialistic tendencies and totalitarian movements in the Modern Time. Imperialism is the phenomenon of the global tendencies of the expansion of the capital in connection with the totalitarian movements. The imposition of totalitarianism and its intellectual consequences find the description in the private Eichmann case which demonstrates that the person lose the main thing — the ability of thinking — in the frame of totalitarian system. Cognition with its pragmatic aspect become the basis of the New European/capitalist rationality in contrary to the thinking. The capitalist rationality is «thinking» by to the rules. The conception of the banality of evil opened through this phenomenon: people support the criminal regime because of the habit to live by the rules. If the rules change, the person submit to this rules by inertia. Totalitarian system break of the habit to live one’s mind, in particular, make own judgment about the world. The basis of the fascist morality is that the person ready to kill another, carrying out the criminal order, and reject to bear the personal responsibility for his actions. The maxim of the fascist morality is such: of two evils choose the lesser.

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