Beyond Recidivism

Author(s):  
Shadd Maruna

Although there are some indicators of a recent deceleration, and even, in some states, reversal, of the recent growth of the US incarcerated populations, the past few decades of “tough-on-crime” policies have resulted in the incarceration of millions of individuals. An inevitable consequence is that most imprisoned individuals are released, reentering society. Research about prisoner reentry has advanced significantly across fields in the last decade, with improved data collection, expanded questions, and policy relevance. This volume highlights some of this work, from a multidisciplinary group of scholars. While all of the chapters address questions related to incarceration and its consequences, they draw on and reflect deeply social and political issues that are likely to be of interest to a wide range of readers. Authors come from political science, sociology, criminology and criminal justice, and public policy. They also incorporate a range of methodological perspectives and methods, from ethnography to experimental designs, with several chapters drawing on mixed methods. In addition to the empirical analyses, the volume also provides a road map of where to go next in researching criminal justice policies and their consequences and in developing effective policies.

Author(s):  
A. Borisova

The last five years defined an alternative course in the US foreign policy. Obama's reelection caused staff transfers which notably influenced the course. This comprehensive process is based on tremendous work conducted by the Administration of Barak Obama, in particular by John Kerry, who was appointed as a Secretary of State in 2013. His personality plays a significant role in American domestic and foreign policy interrelation. Adoption or rejection of the bills, which are well-known today, depended in large on a range of circumstances, such as personality, life journey and political leader career of the today's Secretary of State. John Kerry’s professional life is mainly associated with domestic policy; nevertheless, he has always been interested in foreign relations and national security issues. Those concerns generally included: non-proliferation, US security, ecological problems, fight against terrorism. The article is intended to highlight Kerry’s efforts in each of these fields, showing not only his actions, but also difficult process of adoption or banning bills in the USA. The author tried to display the whole complicated decision-making process among different parties, businessmen and politicians, law and money clashes. The results of many former endeavors can be seen today, in the modern US policy. Based on assumptions about Secretary of State’s beliefs, certain road map can be predicted. In conclusion, the article offers several courses, where the United States are likely to be most active during the next few years. It can be judged exactly which way some current political issues will develop, how the US foreign policy will be shaped by today's decision-makers in the White House.


2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
Jerry Dupont

I work for the Law Library Microform Consortium (LLMC), a cooperative with some 900 participating members. Most are in the US, with a fair number in Canada and some in Australia, the UK and sixteen other countries. For over a quarter of a century LLMC has provided its member libraries with a wide range of legal titles, including much Commonwealth material, on microfiche. We grew hoary in that task, but have been rejuvenated in a new role. We've just launched an on-line digital library, LLMC-Digital, which will provide vastly enhanced access to our materials. The foundation for this endeavour is our backfile of 92,000 volumes (some 49-million page images) filmed during the past 27 years. To that base will be added every new title acquired in LLMC's future filming or scanning.


2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082091644
Author(s):  
Robert Jones

This survey provides one of the first comprehensive reviews of Wales’s role in the England and Wales criminal justice system. The article explains that executive devolution has been responsible for a major transformation to Wales’s position within the England and Wales jurisdiction. Attention is given to the institutions responsible for criminal justice since devolution to Wales as well as an overview of some of the key trends and latest data, including recent research which shows that Wales, when disaggregated from England, has the highest rate of imprisonment in Western Europe. In light of the developments that have taken place over the past two decades, this survey asserts that Wales must now be taken seriously as a distinct and worthwhile unit of criminological analysis. It is argued that future research on Wales can help to develop a more constitutionally literate criminological debate across the UK as well as European regions affected by devolution.


Author(s):  
Valerie Hardcastle

Part IV begins with Valerie Hardcastle’s chapter on the neuroscience of criminality and our sense of justice. Taking the US courts as her stalking horse, Hardcastle analyzes appellate cases from the past five years in which a brain scan was cited as a consideration in the decision. She focuses on how a defendant’s race might be correlated with whether he is able to get a brain scan, whether the scan is admitted into evidence, how the scan is used in the trial, and whether the scan changes the outcome of the hearing. She then provides a comparative analysis of the cases in which imaging data were successful in altering the sentence of defendants and those in which the data were unsuccessful. She concludes by pointing to larger trends in our criminal justice system indicative of more profound changes in how we as a society understand what counts as a just punishment.


Arts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Zhuoyi Wang

Directed by the feminist filmmaker Niki Caro, Disney’s 2020 live-action remake of Mulan (1998) strove to be a more gender progressive, culturally appropriate, and internationally successful adaptation of the Chinese legend of Mulan than the animated original. Contrary to the film’s intended effect, however, it was a critical and financial letdown. The film was criticized for a wide range of issues, including making unpopular changes to the animated original, misrepresenting Chinese culture and history, perpetuating Orientalist stereotypes, and demonizing Inner Asian steppe nomads. In addition, the film also faced boycott calls amid political controversies surrounding China. It received exceptionally low audience ratings in both the US and China, grossing a total well under its estimated budget. This article argues that Mulan (2020) is not, as many believe, just another Disney film suffering from simple artistic inability, cultural insensitivity, or political injustice, but a window into the tension-ridden intersectionality of the gender, sexual, racial, cultural, and political issues that shape the production and reception of today’s cross-cultural films. It discusses three major problems, the Disney problem, the gender problem, and the cultural problem, that Mulan (2020) tackled with respectful efforts in Caro’s feminist filmmaking pattern. The film made significant compromises between its goals of cultural appropriateness, progressive feminism, and monetary success. Although it eventually failed to satisfactorily resolve these at times conflicting missions, it still achieved important progress in addressing some serious gender and cultural problems in Mulan’s contemporary intertextual metamorphosis, especially those introduced by the Disney animation. By revealing Mulan (2020)’s value and defects, this article intends to flesh out some real-world challenges that feminist movements must overcome to effectively transmit messages and bring about changes at the transcultural level in the arts.


This groundbreaking book breaks with established canons and resists some of the stereotypes of feminist biblical studies. A wide range of contributors—from the Netherlands, Germany, Norway, East Africa, South Africa, Argentina, Israel, Hong Kong, the US, the UK, and Iran—showcase new methodological and theoretical movements such as feminist materialisms; intersectionality; postidentitarian ?nomadic? politics; gender archaeology; lived religion; and theories of the human and the posthuman. They engage a range of social and political issues, including migration and xenophobia; divorce and family law; abortion; ?pinkwashing?; the neoliberal university; the second amendment; AIDS and sexual trafficking; Tianamen Square and 9/11; and the politics of ?the veil?. Foundational figures in feminist biblical studies work alongside new voices and contributors from a range of disciplines in conversations with the Bible that go well beyond the expected canon-within-the-canon assumed to be of interest to feminist biblical scholars. Moving beyond the limits of a text-orientated model of reading, they look at how biblical texts were actualized in the lives of religious revolutionaries, such as Joanna Southcott and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. In important interventions—made all the more urgent in the context of the Trump presidency and Brexit—they make biblical traditions speak to gun legislation, immigration, the politics of abortion, and Roe v. Wade.


Author(s):  
Kevin Walby ◽  
Randy K. Lippert

New forms of private influence are emerging in public policing across Canada. This includes private sponsorship of public police and donations to police foundations. This chapter explores key concepts in criminology and criminal justice studies and gauges their applicability to private sponsorship and donations in public policing. We compare definitions and applications of marketisation and corporatisation. Marketisation and corporatisation are often invoked in scholarly and even activist debates, but these terms are often conflated or erroneously used. There are subtle but important differences between marketisation and corporatisation that we explain here. We attempt to add clarity to these debates occurring within police studies as well as in criminology and criminal justice studies more broadly.


Author(s):  
Jessica Blue-Howells ◽  
Christine Timko ◽  
Sean Clark ◽  
Andrea K. Finlay

While there is not research that demonstrates that homelessness causes incarceration or that incarceration causes homelessness, there has long been an understanding that the two influence and create risk for one another. This chapter examines the prevalence of and risk factors for criminal justice involvement among homeless Veterans and the prevalence of and risk factors for homelessness among criminal justice–involved Veterans. The lack of shared definitions of homelessness and criminal justice involvement results in a wide range of prevalence estimates, few risk factors have been identified, and the cyclical nature and mechanisms explaining the link between homelessness and criminal justice involvement among Veterans is largely unknown. The US Department of Veterans Affairs currently has two programs designed to address treatment needs, including homelessness, among criminal justice–involved Veterans. As these programs expand and evolve, research is needed to fill our extensive knowledge gaps and develop programs and interventions to attenuate Veterans’ risks for chronic homelessness and criminal justice involvement.


2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Rydberg ◽  
Danielle Marie Carkin

Although ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was once a common tool for modeling discrete count outcomes in criminology and criminal justice, the past several decades have seen an increasing reliance on regression techniques specifically designed for such purposes. Utilizing a practical example from the 1958 Philadelphia Birth Cohort, this article describes and compares various estimation strategies for modeling such outcome variables, including a discussion of the inappropriateness of OLS for such purposes and specific features of discrete count distributions that complicate statistical inference—overdispersion, non-independence, and excess zeros. Practical advice for selecting an appropriate modeling strategy is offered.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrishikesh Joshi

The American political landscape exhibits significant polarization. People’s political beliefs cluster around two main camps. However, many of the issues with respect to which these two camps disagree seem to be rationally orthogonal. This feature raises an epistemic challenge for the political partisan. If she is justified in consistently adopting the party line, it must be true that her side is reliable on the issues that are the subject of disagreements. It would then follow that the other side is anti-reliable with respect to a host of orthogonal political issues. Yet, it is difficult to find a psychologically plausible explanation for why one side would get things reliably wrong with respect to a wide range of orthogonal issues. While this project’s empirical discussion focuses on the US context, the argument generalizes to any situation where political polarization exists on a sufficiently large number of orthogonal claims.


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