scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Barriers to Physical Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Lisa Aditama ◽  
Dewi Rahmawati ◽  
Nani Parfati ◽  
Astrid Pratidina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is increasing and tends to be higher in adult population groups who are also more educated and employed as a civil/military/police/oficers. This study aims to analyze cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, perceptions about physical activity and barriers experienced to perform physical activity, also stage of change to physical activity.METHODS: The study design was an observational study, use qualitative methods with in-depth interviews and quantitative analysis CVD risk also stage of change to physical activity questionnaire.RESULTS: Framingham 10-years CVD risk of obese men in University of Surabaya was 11.97% (1.70 to 29.90) based on lipid profile and 13.90% (2.30 to 30.00) based on body mass index. Perception of obese men in University of Surabaya regarding physical activity had findings several barriers that can be grouped into time constraint, facility constraint, low motivation, and knowledge about physical activities.CONCLUSION: In this study we found that 10-years CVD risk of obese men in University of Surabaya can be categorized as medium risk. There are several barriers regarding life style modification for physical activity and exercise, whereas the subjects included in this study are quite ready to start the program, but improvement for the readiness before starting the program will still be needed.KEYWORDS: CVD risk, obese men, physical activity

scholarly journals Level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a rural adult population in Sogn og Fjordane

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Kristiansen Solbraa ◽  
Asgeir Mamen ◽  
Geir Kåre Resaland ◽  
Jostein Steene- Johannessen ◽  
Einar Ylvisåker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

<strong><em>Background</em>:</strong> Physical activity (PA) and high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sogn og Fjordane County has the reputation of being the most healthy county in Norway. The level of PA and/or CRF may partly explain this health status. However, only one study with regional objectively measured PA data and one study with regional data on CRF currently exist. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe levels of PA, CRF and CVD risk factors in an adult population in the county of Sogn og Fjordane.<em><strong> Methods:</strong> </em>In total, 314 (♀:178 ♂:136) 40-42-year-olds and 308 (♀:175 ♂:133) 53-55-yearolds participated in this cross-sectional study. PA was measured objectively by accelerometry, while CRF was measured directly. <em><strong>Results:</strong></em> There were no sex differences in total PA level. For the 40-42-year-olds, women spent 6.0min/day [95% CI: –11.7 to –0.3] less participating in moderate PA compared to men. For the 53-55- year-olds, women were inactive for 36.0 min/day [95% CI: –55.2 to –16.8] less and they participated in light activity for 26.4 min/day [95% CI: 7.7 to 45.2] more than men. In total, 30.0% [95% CI: 24.8 to 35.2] of the 40-42-year-olds and 30.2% [95% CI: 25.0 to 35.4] of the 53-55-year-olds met the Norwegian recommendations<br />for PA. CRF was 49.0 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 41.6 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women for the 40-42-year-olds. For 53-55-year-olds CRF was 41.2 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 33.9 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women.<em><strong> Conclusions:</strong></em> These results suggest that the level of PA and CRF are higher compared to other available data. This might explain the advantageous health status in Sogn og Fjordane.

scholarly journals Changing Trends in the Prevalence and Disparities of Obesity and Other Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Three Racial/Ethnic Groups of USA Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila X. Romero ◽  
Tomas E. Romero ◽  
Judith C. Shlay ◽  
Lorraine G. Ogden ◽  
Dana Dabelea
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Objectives. To examine trends in the prevalence and disparities of traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among the major race/ethnic groups in the USA: non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs), and Mexican Americans (MAs).Methods. We used cross-sectional trend analysis in women and men aged 25–84 years participating in the NHANES surveys, years 1988–1994 (n=14,341) and 1999–2004 (n=12,360).Results. The prevalence of obesity and hypertension increased significantly in NHW and NHB, both in men and women; NHB had the highest prevalence of obesity and hypertension in each time period. Diabetes prevalence showed a nonsignificant increasing trend in all groups and was higher in MA in both periods. Smoking significantly decreased in NHW men and NHB, the latter with the largest decline although the highest prevalence in each period; no changes were noted in MA, who had the lowest prevalence in both periods. Race/ethnic CVD risk factors disparities widened for obesity and hypercholesterolemia, remained unchanged for diabetes and hypertension, and narrowed for smoking.Conclusions. The increasing prevalence of obesity and hypertension underscores the need for better preventive measures, particularly in the NHB group that exhibits the worst trends. The decline in smoking rates may offset some of these unfavorable trends.

Major dietary patterns and predicted cardiovascular disease risk in an Iranian adult population

2020 ◽  
pp. 026010602095259
Author(s):  
Mahshid Shahavandi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Amini ◽  
Hossein Shahinfar ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Predicted Risk ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Background: Limited data are available on the association of major dietary patterns and predicted risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Aim: To investigate the association between major dietary patterns and the predicted 10-year CVD risk in an Iranian population Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 522 apparently healthy adults referred to health centers in Tehran. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between dietary patterns and the predicted risk of development of CVD was evaluated using linear multiple regression. Principal component analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. Results: In total, 41% of the men ( n = 95) and 46% of women ( n = 134) were in the low risk (<10%) and 6% of men ( n = 14) and 1% of women ( n = 3) were in the high risk (> 20%) category of the FRS. A significant decrease was found for body mass index ( p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) ( p = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.005), and triglyceride ( p = 0.02) in the higher tertile of healthy dietary pattern. Adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with a significant increase in body weight ( p = 0.03) and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( p < 0.001). The healthy dietary pattern score was negatively associated with SBP ( p = 0.04) and FRS ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although we observed improvements in CVD risk factors with greater adherence to healthy dietary patterns, there was no association between identified dietary patterns and the predicted risk of 10-year CVD.

Physical activity, fitness and cardiovascular disease risk in adults: interactions with insulin resistance and obesity

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. R. Gill ◽  
Dalia Malkova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Level

There is a considerable body of evidence gathered from studies over the past half a century indicating that a high level of physical activity and a moderately high or high degree of cardiorespiratory fitness reduces the risk of CVD (cardiovascular disease). Recent data suggest that high levels of physical activity or fitness may be particularly beneficial to individuals with insulin-resistant conditions, such as the metabolic syndrome, Type II diabetes or obesity. These individuals, if unfit and sedentary, exhibit increased CVD risk, but their dose–response relationship for physical activity/fitness appears to be particularly steep such that, when they undertake high levels of activity (or have high fitness), their level of risk becomes closer to that of their normal weight or nondiabetic peers. This may be due to effects of physical activity in normalizing the metabolic dysfunction particularly associated with insulin-resistant conditions.

scholarly journals Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Hypertensive Patients: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiqing Li ◽  
Zhentang Zhang ◽  
Shucheng Si ◽  
Fuzhong Xue
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort

Objective: Few studies estimated the effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among hypertensive patients in a longitudinal cohort. This study aims to evaluate the association between LTPA and CVD in a longitudinal management cohort of hypertensive patients.Methods: A total of 58,167 hypertensive patients without baseline CVD from a longitudinal cohort were included in this study. LTPA and other covariates were measured at the follow-up four times annually. The primary outcome was CVD events. The association between LTPA and CVD was assessed by the marginal structure model (MSM) and Cox model with adjustment for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and antihypertensive medication. The restricted cubic spline and segmented regression were used to assess the dose–response relationship between LTPA and CVD.Results: We recorded 16,332 CVD events; crude incidence of CVD were 89.68, 80.39, 62.64, and 44.04 per 1,000 person-years for baseline 0, 1–150, 151–300, and &gt;300 min/week LTPA, respectively. Compared with inactive LTPA, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) estimated by Cox model and MSM-Cox model for CVD associated with 1–150,151–300, and 300 min/week LTPA were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.83–0.88), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.64–0.71), 0.47 (95% CI, 0.44–0.51), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76–0.91), 0.58 (95% CI, 0.52–0.63), and 0.39 (95% CI, 0.35–0.44), respectively. Per 60 min/week increase in LTPA was associated with a 13% reduction in CVD risk. LTPA breakpoint was 417 min/week for CVD. Before and after the break-point, the slopes of the piecewise-linear relationship between LTPA and CVD risk were −0.0017 and −0.0003, respectively.Conclusion: LTPA was more strongly associated with the CVD risk than that estimated by conventional analyses based on baseline LTPA; 417 min/week is a breakpoint, after which the incremental health benefits on CVD prevention obtained from the increase in LTPA are much less than before.

scholarly journals 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimation Based on Lipid Profile-Based and BMI-Based Framingham Risk Scores across Multiple Sociodemographic Characteristics: The Malaysian Cohort Project

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boekhtiar Borhanuddin ◽  
Azmawati Mohd Nawi ◽  
Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽  
Noraidatulakma Abdullah ◽  
Syed Zulkifli Syed Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Framingham Risk

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) leads to high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. Therefore, it is important to determine the risk of CVD across the sociodemographic factors to strategize preventive measures. The current study consisted of 53,122 adults between the ages of 35 and 65 years from The Malaysian Cohort project during recruitment phase from year 2006 to year 2012. Sociodemographic profile and physical activity level were assessed via self-reported questionnaire, whereas relevant CVD-related biomarkers and biophysical variables were measured to determine the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The main outcome was the 10-year risk of CVD via FRS calculated based on lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) associated formulae. The BMI-based formula yielded a higher estimation of 10-year CVD risk than the lipid profile-based formula in the study for both males (median = 13.2% and 12.7%, respectively) and females (median = 4.3% and 4.2%, respectively). The subgroup with the highest risk for 10-year CVD events (based on both FRS formulae) was the Malay males who have lower education level and low physical activity level. Future strategies for the reduction of CVD risk should focus on screening via BMI-based FRS in this at-risk subpopulation to increase the cost-effectiveness of the prevention initiatives.

scholarly journals Protocol for a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative effects of cardiovascular disease risk communication using ‘heart age’ concepts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa Bonner ◽  
Carys Batcup ◽  
Samuel Cornell ◽  
Michael Anthony Fajardo ◽  
Jenny Doust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Heart Age

AbstractIntroductionThe concept of ‘heart age’ is increasingly used for health promotion and alongside clinical guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. These tools have been used by millions of consumers around the world, and many health organisations promote them as a way of encouraging lifestyle change. However, heart age tools vary widely in terms of their underlying risk models and display formats, the effectiveness of these tools compared to other CVD risk communication formats remains unclear, and doctors have raised concerns over their use to expand testing of healthy low risk adults.Methods and analysisWe aim to systematically review both qualitative and quantitative evidence of the effects of heart age when presented to patients or consumers for the purpose of CVD risk communication. Four electronic databases will be search until April 2020 and reference lists from similar review articles will be searched. Studies will be considered eligible if they meet the following criteria: (1) published from the inception of the database to April 2020, in peer-reviewed journals, (2) used an adult population (over 18 years of age) or, if not explicit regarding age, are clear that participants were not children, (3) present the concept of ‘heart age’ to patients or consumers for the purpose of CVD risk communication, (4) report qualitative themes or quantitative outcomes relating to psychological and/or behavioural responses to heart age. Two reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Reporting of the review will be informed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidance.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as it is a protocol for a systematic review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

scholarly journals The Role of Clinical Pharmacists in Modifying Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Autumn Bagwell ◽  
Jessica W. Skelley ◽  
Lana Saad ◽  
Thomas Woolley ◽  
DeeAnn Dugan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Objective: Assess the effect of intensive clinical and educational interventions aimed at reducing risk factors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), implemented by clinical pharmacists, on modifying risk factors in targeted patients at high risk for CVD. Design: Patients with at least two risk factors for CHD were identified at two clinics by conducting a pre-intervention survey and were monitored over a period of 6 months with follow up conversations conducted every 4 weeks by phone and at subsequent physician visits. A post-intervention survey was conducted at the end of the study period to detect modified risk factors. Setting: The Jefferson County Public Health Department (JCHD) Participants: We followed a total of 47 patients over 6 months. The average age at baseline was 51 years old and 80% of the participants were female. The baseline average number of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors was 3.7. Measurements: We assessed total number of CVD risk factors, smoking behavior, blood pressure, LDL, A1C, weight, and level of physical activity (major modifiable risk factors by the American Heart Association). Results: Over a 6 month follow-up of 47 patients, statistically significant reductions occurred in total number of CVD risk factors, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and A1C. Reductions also occurred in LDL level, weight, and changes in smoking behavior and physical activity were identified. Conclusions: Results showed that increased patient counseling on adherence and lifestyle changes along with increased disease state monitoring and medication adjustment led by a clinical pharmacist can decrease risk factors in patients with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease.   Type: Student Project

scholarly journals Does meeting physical activity recommendations ameliorate association between television viewing with cardiovascular disease risk? A cross-sectional, population-based analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e036507
Author(s):  
Freda Patterson ◽  
Jonathan A Mitchell ◽  
Gregory Dominick ◽  
Alicia J Lozano ◽  
Liming Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesAs a common form of sedentary behaviour, television viewing is associated with an increase in body mass index (BMI) as well as overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study examined the extent to which meeting the recommended volume of weekly physical activity (PA) reduced the association between television viewing with the outcomes of BMI and CVD risk. A second aim was to determine the number of hours (ie, cut-point) of daily television viewing that conferred a higher BMI and CVD risk for a large population-based sample of adults.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional study.SettingUK Biobank recruited across 35 centres in the UK between 2006 and 2010.Primary outcomeCVD risk, as measured by the 30-year Framingham risk score.ResultsLinear regression models indicated that every additional hour of television viewing per day was associated with a 3% increase in CVD risk (aCoeff=0.03, d=0.16, p<0.0001); the interaction between television viewing with meeting PA guidelines was marginally associated with CVD risk (aCoeff=0.0010, d=0.01, p=0.014). Each additional hour of television viewing per day was associated with a 0.54 increase in BMI (aCoeff=0.54, d=0.13, p<0.0001); the interaction between television viewing with meeting PA guidelines was not significantly associated with BMI. Regression tree models of the study outcomes revealed that 2.5 hours of television viewing was associated with pronounced increases in BMI and CVD risk.ConclusionsThese data underscore the independent association between television viewing with cardiovascular risk and suggest that reducing television viewing to less than 2.5 hours per day, even in physically active adults, is a clinical and public health priority.

scholarly journals The significant places of African American adults and their perceived influence on cardiovascular disease risk behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle J. White ◽  
Katelyn M. Holliday ◽  
Stephanie Hoover ◽  
Nicole Robinson-Ezekwe ◽  
Giselle Corbie-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background AA living in rural areas of the southeastern U.S. experience a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Neighborhood environmental factors contribute to this disparity and may decrease the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions aimed at preventing CVD. Furthermore, the influence of neighborhood factors on AA CVD risk behaviors (i.e. physical activity) may be obscured by the use of researcher-defined neighborhoods and researcher-defined healthy and unhealthy places. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of neighborhood environments on AA CVD risk behaviors among AA adults who recently completed a lifestyle intervention. We specifically sought to identify AA adults’ self-perceived places of significance and their perceptions of how these places impact CVD risk behaviors including diet, physical activity and smoking. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with AA adults (N = 26) living in two rural North Carolina counties (Edgecombe and Nash, North Carolina, USA). Participants were recruited from a community-based behavioral CVD risk reduction intervention. All had at least one risk factor for CVD. Participants identified significant places including where they spent the most time, meaningful places, and healthy and unhealthy places on local maps. Using these maps as a reference, participants described the impact of each location on their CVD risk behaviors. Data were transcribed verbatim and coded using NVivo 12. Results The average age of participants was 63 (SD = 10) and 92% were female. Places participants defined as meaningful and places where they spent the most time included churches and relatives’ homes. Healthy places included gyms and parks. Unhealthy places included fast food restaurants and relatives’ homes where unhealthy food was served. Place influenced CVD risk behaviors in multiple ways including through degree of perceived control over the environment, emotional attachment and loneliness, caretaking responsibilities, social pressures and social support. Conclusions As we seek to improve cardiovascular interventions for rural AA in the American South, it will be important to further assess the effect of significant places beyond place of residence. Strategies which leverage or modify behavioral influences within person-defined significant places may improve the reach and effectiveness of behavioral lifestyle interventions.

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