As mudanças climáticas e a transformação das agendas de pesquisa | Climate change and the transformation of research agendas

Resumo Este trabalho pretende discutir a formação de agendas científicas globais e a relação deste processo com a definição da posição dos países no sistema internacional de ciência e tecnologia (SICT). A circulação de conhecimento tecnocientífico pelo globo se acentuou nas últimas décadas. Cada vez mais emerge um sistema integrado com fluxos mais intensos de informação e que, de acordo com alguns autores, estaria sem um centro hegemônico de produção, ou “centrais de cálculo”. No entanto, argumenta-se aqui que uma nova hegemonia tem-se formado por meio da distinção de uma nova agenda tecnocientífica global. Esta agenda se instala em função da controvérsia das mudanças climáticas, que exigirá, neste século, uma corrida pela produção de um novo paradigma tecnológico, “produtivo”, mas “sustentável”. Esta é a nova fronteira do conhecimento científico e tecnológico, que reconfigura os padrões de centro e periferia no sistema internacional de ciência e tecnologia.Palavras-chave Sociologia da ciência, centro/periferia, sistema científico e tecnológico Abstract This article discusses the elaboration of global scientific agendas in relation to the definition of countries' positions in the international system of S&T. The circulation of techno-scientific knowledge around the globe has grown in the last decades. There emerges an integrated system with intense flows of information that, according to some authors, does not have a hegemonic centre of production or "calculation centrals". Yet it is argued here that a new hegemony is being formed with the distinction of a new global techno-scientific agenda. This is implemented by the controversy on climate change, which will demand a rush for the production of a new technological paradigm - productive, but sustainable. This is the new frontier of scientific and technological knowledge, reconfigurating the patterns of center and periphery in the international system of science and technology.Keywords sociology of science, center/periphery, scientific and technological system

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The Estrela UNESCO Global Geopark Science and Education Network for Sustainable Development

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12903 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hugo Gomes ◽

Emanuel Castro ◽

Gonçalo Vieira ◽

Carla Mora ◽

Susana Echeverria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Dynamic Structure ◽

Strategic Partnerships ◽

Public And Private ◽

Working Groups ◽

Science And Education ◽

Definition Of ◽

Education Network

The Network of Science and Education for Sustainable Development of the Estrela UNESCO Global Geopark, implemented in 2019, aims at supporting and fostering applied research in the Estrela Geopark&#8217;s territory, based on an articulated set of interdisciplinary working Groups with close links to the Higher Education Institutions and the national scientific and technological system, highlighting the entities that carry out research in mountain regions. Besides, it will also serve as a catalyst for the new generation of scientists who will benefit from the more than 2,200 km2 of this territory as a living laboratory.The Network presents a dynamic structure, through a set of nuclei (working groups), promoting science and education, and developing scientific research in complementary areas. Each Nucleus is coordinated by a Responsible Researcher (RR) and includes a team appointed by him. The Nuclei develop their R & D activity in articulation with public and private research units and technology centres, whose activity is developed in lines and projects closely related to the Estrela Geopark. Its priority activities will be defined within the framework of the Estrela Geopark&#8217;s Strategic Plan for Science, as well as within the premises of UNESCO, with priority in the following areas: Geology and Geomorphology, Landscape, Culture and Heritage, Climate and Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecology, Environment and Natural Resources, Territory Planning and Risks, Tourism, Leisure and Sustainable Development.Thus, this network aim at creating activities that promote science, education and scientific knowledge, in a collaborative way, based on the establishment of medium and long-term strategic partnerships between different actors of the territory and institutions that carry out research in the several themes, having as main objectives the cooperation in the identification of challenges, joint planning of activities, the definition of projects, the development of studies on the territory of the Estrela, the sharing of resources and infrastructures and the mobility and / or exchange of resources, with the aim of transferring, sharing and disseminating knowledge.This Network promotes 5 working groups of science and education in: Climate Change; Water Resources; Biodiversity and Ecology; Tourism and Sustainability; Geodiversity and Geoconservation.This holistic strategy aims at putting scientific knowledge at the service of the communities, through an effective citizen science, implementing various activities with the direct involvement of the communities and its promotion.

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Southeast Regional Assessment Project for the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey

Open-File Report ◽

10.3133/ofr20101213 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. i-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Melinda S. Dalton ◽

Sonya A. Jones

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Geological Survey ◽

Regional Assessment ◽

Science Center

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Investigating Understandings of Turkish Medical Graduate Students about Nature of Scientific Knowledge, Scientific Method, Characteristics of Scientists and Definition of Science

Education in Medicine Journal ◽

10.5959/eimj.v4i1.14 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mustafa Serdar Köksal ◽

Burcu Köksal

Keyword(s):

Graduate Students ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Scientific Method ◽

Medical Graduate ◽

Definition Of

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Rethinking Climate, Climate Change, and Their Relationship with Water

Water ◽

10.3390/w13060849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 849

Author(s):

Demetris Koutsoyiannis

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climatic Variability ◽

Main Element ◽

The Political ◽

Real World Data ◽

Modern Times ◽

External Agent ◽

Historical Investigation ◽

Definition Of ◽

Water Issues

We revisit the notion of climate, along with its historical evolution, tracing the origin of the modern concerns about climate. The notion (and the scientific term) of climate was established during the Greek antiquity in a geographical context and it acquired its statistical content (average weather) in modern times after meteorological measurements had become common. Yet the modern definitions of climate are seriously affected by the wrong perception of the previous two centuries that climate should regularly be constant, unless an external agent acts upon it. Therefore, we attempt to give a more rigorous definition of climate, consistent with the modern body of stochastics. We illustrate the definition by real-world data, which also exemplify the large climatic variability. Given this variability, the term “climate change” turns out to be scientifically unjustified. Specifically, it is a pleonasm as climate, like weather, has been ever-changing. Indeed, a historical investigation reveals that the aim in using that term is not scientific but political. Within the political aims, water issues have been greatly promoted by projecting future catastrophes while reversing true roles and causality directions. For this reason, we provide arguments that water is the main element that drives climate, and not the opposite.

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Compare and Analyze of the Definition and Development of Distributed Generation in China and Abroad

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.925 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 953-954 ◽

pp. 925-928 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bi Bin Huang

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Power Generation ◽

Energy Conservation ◽

Distributed Generation ◽

Basic Characteristic ◽

Large Scale ◽

General Definition ◽

Development Status ◽

Incentive Policy ◽

Definition Of

As the positive and important supplement to large-scale power generation, distributed generation (DG) will become key measure to promote energy conservation and solve the problems of climate change in China. Due to absence of universal authoritative definition of DG, this paper summarizes the basic characteristic of DG based on the definitions in typical countries (or organizations) and carried out general definition of DG considering our national conditions and power grid features. From the views of resource, incentive policy and industry, this paper analyzed the fundamental for DG development and compared the development status in typical countries.

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Investigation on the Noise Separation in Watt Balance Experiments

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.381-382.619 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 381-382 ◽

pp. 619-622

Author(s):

W. Zeng ◽

Xiang Qian Jiang ◽

P. Scott ◽

L. Blunt

Keyword(s):

Background Noise ◽

International System ◽

Histogram Method ◽

Stationary Noise ◽

Vibration Data ◽

System Of Units ◽

Environmental Vibration ◽

Transient Events ◽

Watt Balance ◽

Definition Of

The detection of stationary and non-stationary noise in environmental vibration data is an important issue when considering the precision of the Watt balance, an electromechanical apparatus for the new definition of the kilogram in the international system of Units (SI). In this paper, the authors propose a frequency histogram method to find the structure of the stationary noise from large amount of datasets. For the non-stationary noise, the authors propose a wavelet based denoising methods to distinguish the transient events from the background “noise”, to find their duration and content and to identify their location in time.

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Toward an integrated system of climate change and human health indicators: a conceptual framework

Climatic Change ◽

10.1007/s10584-021-03125-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 166 (3-4) ◽

Author(s):

Ann Y. Liu ◽

Juli M. Trtanj ◽

Erin K. Lipp ◽

John M. Balbus

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Climate Change ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Adaptation Strategies ◽

Integrated System ◽

Health Trends ◽

Science And Policy

AbstractEnvironmental health indicators are helpful for tracking and communicating complex health trends, informing science and policy decisions, and evaluating public health actions. When provided on a national scale, they can help inform the general public, policymakers, and public health professionals about important trends in exposures and how well public health systems are preventing those exposures from causing adverse health outcomes. There is a growing need to understand national trends in exposures and health outcomes associated with climate change and the effectiveness of climate adaptation strategies for health. To date, most indicators for health implications of climate change have been designed as independent, individual metrics. This approach fails to take into account how exposure-outcome pathways for climate-attributable health outcomes involve multiple, interconnected components. We propose reframing climate change and health indicators as a linked system of indicators, which can be described as follows: upstream climate drivers affect environmental states, which then determine human exposures, which ultimately lead to health outcomes; these climate-related risks are modified by population vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies. We apply this new conceptual framework to three illustrative climate-sensitive health outcomes and associated exposure-outcome pathways: pollen allergies and asthma, West Nile virus infection, and vibriosis.

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Comparative analysis of three NDVI resolutions in different urban typologies. The case of Granollers in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona.

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-14785 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alan García-Haro ◽

Josep Roca

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Urban Studies ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Urban Context ◽

Urban Core ◽

First Results ◽

Definition Of

In recent years, the use of remote sensed NDVI has become recurrent in urban studies regarding the adaptation of cities to climate change. However, due to the physical diversity within cities and the different resolution offered by the sensors, the territorial interpretation of what the NDVI values really mean becomes difficult. Where the larger the size of the cells of the image, the greater the number of elements of the built environment within it, and the more complex the interpretation becomes.In this work, the relationship between the NDVI of three sensors with different cell resolution for the same location and date is studied. In particular, the city of Granollers in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona is analyzed. First, the NDVI images were obtained from Landsat-8 with 30m resolution, Sentinel-2 with 10m and from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food of Catalonia (DARP) with 0.125m resolution. Then, the comparison was performed with a sample of five different typologies of the territory: dense urban core, suburban, industrial, area of highway and rural.As first results, a supervised classification of the DARP image allowed the definition of 0.30 as the precise minimum value of NDVI that indicates the actual presence of vegetation. On the other hand, the comparison indicates that, in the urban context, the larger the cell size, the presence of vegetation quality is overestimated, where the higher percentage of cells is concentrated in higher NDVI values than in those with lower resolution. However, this behavior is not appreciated in rural areas, where higher percentages of cells of different resolutions were concentrated in the same NDVI ranges.In such a way, it is corroborated that it is in the urban context where this indicator has a greater difficulty of territorial interpretation. Statements that are analyzed in greater depth in this study, where its implications in the use of NDVI in urban studies for the adaptation of cities to climate change are discussed.

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Aristotle’s Definition of Scientific Knowledge (APo 71b 9–12)

History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis ◽

10.30965/26664275-01901010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 140-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Lucas Angioni

Keyword(s):

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Posterior Analytics ◽

Way Of Knowing ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Way

In Posterior Analytics 71b9–12, we find Aristotle’s definition of scientific knowledge. The definiens is taken to have only two informative parts: scientific knowledge must be knowledge of the cause and its object must be necessary. However, there is also a contrast between the definiendum and a sophistic way of knowing, which is marked by the expression “kata sumbebekos”. Not much attention has been paid to this contrast. In this paper, I discuss Aristotle’s definition paying due attention to this contrast and to the way it interacts with the two conditions presented in the definiens. I claim that the “necessity” condition ammounts to explanatory appropriateness of the cause.

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