scholarly journals The Implications of Adverse Pharmacologic Reactions and Complex Pathogenic Mechanisms in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puiu Olivian Stovicek ◽  
Dragoș Marinescu ◽  
Liana Păuna-Cristian ◽  
Ileana Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Pathogenic Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Schizophrenia is a major health problem in which diversification and increase in the quality of antipsychotic molecules did not yield the anticipated results. that the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia accounts for a combination of genetic factors forming the genetic spectrum of vulnerability for schizophrenia. The neurodevelopmental anomalies correlated with the gestational period and obstetric traumatisms raises major pharmacological management issues. The two levels of vulnerability (genetic and neurodevelopmental) are the basis of the pathogeny of side effects induced by antipsychotic medication. The most severe side effects are related to extrapyramidal symptoms, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypofrontality, impairment of the neurovascular unit and neuronal metabolic processes. Understanding these particular mechanisms will allow the clinician to identify the pathogenic model of schizophrenia, customized for each specific case. The adverse drug reaction decreases the compliance and adherence to the treatment, determining repeated discontinuations with psychotic relapses, and may trigger psychopathogenic bursts deteriorating the structural and cerebral functional balance. The type of psychotropic medication must be taken into account, as well as the concomitant medication administered for comorbidities associated with schizophrenia. The cerebral vascular modifications are correlated with the metabolic syndrome induced by antipsychotic medication. This complex syndrome, associated also with modifications in the homocysteine metabolism, determines weight gain, obesity, high blood pressure, ischemic cardiopathy, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Identification of possible biological or neuroimaging markers helps and their early correction may prevent the onset of neurodegenerative evolution and irreversible cerebral atrophies, as well as decrease the risk of side effect that may endanger the life of the schizophrenic patient. The complexity of the pathogenic mechanisms requires a prophylactic behavior, not based on therapeutic switch, but on the proactive, customized pharmacologic intervention, addressing the pathogenic chains.

Prevention and Treatment of Early Childhood Caries (ECC)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey .
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a chronic disease that can be prevented. It commonlyaffects children involving in one or more decayed (with lesions or not) teeth, missing teeth (dueto caries), or teeth with fillings in children aged under 71 months. The disease is sometimesoverlooked, but this condition usually affects the general health of children. Early detection ofEarly Childhood Caries (ECC) can prevent problems which are harmful to children. Therefore,the ECC must be prevented and for teeth that have had dental caries they should be givenproper treatment so as not to worsen and affect the quality of life in children. Prevention of thisdisease is a significant component in any health program to prepare for the optimal basis forthe oral health of children. This condition will become a serious health problem if not handledproperly, and it is a major health problem for health providers throughout the world.Primarypreventive must be initiated since a woman getting pregnant.Keywords: Early Childhood Caries (ECC), prevention, treatment

scholarly journals Acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) for Experimental Sepsis: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Lai ◽  
Yang Ren ◽  
Chengzhi Lai ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Xuelian Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Experimental Sepsis ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Immune Balance ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Complementary Strategy

Background. Sepsis is a global major health problem with high mortality rates. More effective therapy is needed for treating sepsis. Acupuncture has been used for various diseases, including severe infection, in China for more than 2,000 years. Previous studies reported that acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) might be effective in treating sepsis, but the efficacy and the quality of evidence remain unclear since there is no systematic review on acupuncture at ST36 for sepsis. Methods. Seven databases were searched from the inception of each database up to May 2019. Ultimately, 54 studies using acupuncture at ST36 for the treatment of experimental sepsis were identified in both English and Chinese literature with systematic review procedures. Results. Acupuncture might be useful in reducing injuries induced by sepsis in cardiac, lung, kidney, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and immune system. Its potential mechanisms for antisepsis might include reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, improving microcirculatory disturbance, and maintaining the immune balance mediated by dopamine. However, the positive findings should be interpreted with caution due to poor methodological quality and publication bias. Conclusion. Acupuncture at ST36 might be a promising complementary strategy for controlling sepsis inflammation, yet further studies are needed.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Rhubarb (a Traditional Chinese Medicine) Used for the Treatment of Experimental Sepsis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Lai ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Dong-ping Xie ◽  
Shu-tao Mai ◽  
Yan-na Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Experimental Sepsis ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Immune Balance ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Sepsis Therapy ◽  
Experimental Trials

Sepsis is a global major health problem in great need for more effective therapy. For thousands of years, Rhubarb had been used for various diseases including severe infection. Pharmacological studies and trials reported that Rhubarb may be effective in treating sepsis, but the efficacy and the quality of evidence remain unclear since there is no systematic review on Rhubarb for sepsis. The present study is the first systematic review of Rhubarb used for the treatment of experimental sepsis in both English and Chinese literatures by identifying 27 studies from 7 databases. It showed that Rhubarb might be effective in reducing injuries in gastrointestinal tract, lung, and liver induced by sepsis, and its potential mechanisms might include reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, ameliorating microcirculatory disturbance, and maintaining immune balance. Yet the positive findings should be interpreted with caution due to poor methodological quality. In a word, Rhubarb might be a promising candidate that is worth further clinical and experimental trials for sepsis therapy.

scholarly journals Positive and Negative Effects of Antipsychotic Medication: An International Online Survey of 832 Recipients

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Read ◽  
James Williams
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Background: Antipsychotic medication is currently the treatment of choice for psychosis, but few studies directly survey the first-hand experience of recipients. Objective: To ascertain the experiences and opinions of an international sample of users of antipsychotic drugs, regarding positive and negative effects. Methods: An online direct-to-consumer questionnaire was completed by 832 users of antipsychotics, from 30 countries – predominantly USA, UK and Australia. This is the largest such sample to date. Results: Over half (56%) thought, the drugs reduced the problems they were prescribed for, but 27% thought they made them worse. Slightly less people found the drugs generally ‘helpful’ (41%) than found them ‘unhelpful’ (43%). While 35% reported that their ‘quality of life’ was ‘improved’, 54% reported that it was made ‘worse’. The average number of adverse effects reported was 11, with an average of five at the ‘severe’ level. Fourteen effects were reported by 57% or more participants, most commonly: ‘Drowsiness, feeling tired, sedation’ (92%), ‘Loss of motivation’ (86%), ‘Slowed thoughts’ (86%), and ‘Emotional numbing’ (85%). Suicidality was reported to be a side effect by 58%. Older people reported particularly poor outcomes and high levels of adverse effects. Duration of treatment was unrelated to positive outcomes but significantly related to negative outcomes. Most respondents (70%) had tried to stop taking the drugs. The most common reasons people wanted to stop were the side effects (64%) and worries about long-term physical health (52%). Most (70%) did not recall being told anything at all about side effects. Conclusion: Clinical implications are discussed, with a particular focus on the principles of informed consent, and involving patients in decision making about their own lives.

scholarly journals Tensional headache in medicine graduation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Victor Protásio Bezerra ◽  
Gustavo Soares Gomes Barros Fonseca ◽  
Maria Luiza Mendes Machado ◽  
Natália Murad Schmitt ◽  
Euler Nicolau Sauaia Filho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Tension Headache ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Tension headache has become a major health problem for medical students. This can trigger a worsening in the quality of life of the student and hinder their learning, corroborating for an impaired education. Better understanding of the topic is necessary so the academics can have a better overview of the problem. Objective: Clarify the relationship between tension headache and the quality of life of medical students. Methods: Articles from the last ten years were selected on the Scielo and Google Scholar portal platforms, which made it possible through an online scenario. Results: The mechanisms of tension headache are controversial and their pathophysiology complex and poorly understood. In crises, analgesics, antiinflammatories, muscle relaxants and/or caffeine are applied. In the articles studied, epidemiological data suggest that most students (99%) have already had a headache case during their lifetime and such occurrences are related to moments of stress and tiredness (74%). It is visible, that the academic affected by various activities, is a target for the disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of tension headache in the medical student was higher than that of the general population, with stress as the main reason. then a resolution on the issue of pain regarding stress is necessary since it proved to be inappropriate.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF MUSTADI KWATH IN STHOULYA (OBESITY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. 5105-5110
Author(s):  
Kirti 1 ◽  
Singh O O. P ◽  
Tripathi S. K.
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Conceptual Study

Objective: Sthoulya is a major health problem affecting a high proportion of population in India. Ayurveda is the science of life with the aim of achieving health and curing diseases. (Obesity) Sthoulya is a burning problem in this world scenario and has acquired status of an epidemic. The sedentary lifestyles, stress and dietary habits etc., which are the gift of modern world, are primary predisposing factors for Sthoulya. Obe-sity is basically a behavioral disorder. Method: The major risk related with Sthoulya is that it favors com-plicated pathologies like hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, stroke, etc. Re-sult: Conservative management of Sthoulya according to Ayurvedic principles provides significant relief and improves quality of life. Mustadi Kwath is mentioned in Charak Samhinta in Santarpaniya Adhayaya (Chapter 23). Conclusion: Mustadi Kwath consists of Triphala, Haridra, Musta, Aarghawadha, Patha, Devadaru, Swadamshtra, Khadira, Nimba, Daruharidra, Kutaja, Twaka.

scholarly journals A CRITICAL REVIEW ON HYPOTENSION AND ITS MANAGEMENT FROM AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Soumya P. Viswan ◽  
Rashmi R
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Classical Text ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Risk Of Falls

Hypotension is a major health problem worldwide with a prevalence rate of 29.3% in older adults. It is associated with increased risk of falls, syncope, reduced quality of life and even death due to organ failure. Despite of its increasing incidence in general population and serious complications, hypotension is often neglected in clinical practice and in the field of research. The present article is an effort to learn the clinical significance, risk factors and co-morbidities of hypotension and understand the disease process and management aspects from Ayurvedic perspective. The sources of literary review were Ayurvedic classical text books, research articles published in indexed journals and electronic sources. Thorough literature review revealed that Hypotension should be considered as a condition caused due to Raktakshaya (depletion of blood tissue) and vyanavatakopa (vitiation of Vyana vata, a subtype of vata responsible for circulation and motor activities). Compound formulations found effective in Hypotension and their therapeutic actions are detailed in the management. Efficacy of Ayurveda in both acute and chronic conditions is elucidated here. This work also provides a framework for further studies on the neglected aspect of research on Hypotension.

scholarly journals A Review of Nutritional Factors in Hypertension Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Nguyen ◽  
Olaide A. Odelola ◽  
Janani Rangaswami ◽  
Aman Amanullah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Hypertension Management ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Nutritional Factors

Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide. Its attendant morbidity and mortality complications have a great impact on patient’s quality of life and survival. Optimizing blood pressure control has been shown to improve overall health outcomes. In addition to pharmacological therapies, nonpharmacological approach such as dietary modification plays an important role in controlling blood pressure. Many dietary components such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium have been studied substantially in the past decades. While some of these nutrients have clear evidence for their recommendation, some remain controversial and are still of ongoing study. Dietary modification is often discussed with patients and can provide a great benefit in blood pressure regulation. As such, reviewing the current evidence will be very useful in guiding patients and their physician and/or dietician in decision making. In this review article of nutritional factors in hypertension management, we aim to examine the role of nutritional factors individually and as components of whole dietary patterns.

Fewer symptoms vs. more side-effects in schizophrenia? Opposing pathways between antipsychotic medication compliance and quality of life

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B.P. Staring ◽  
C.L. Mulder ◽  
H.J. Duivenvoorden ◽  
L. De Haan ◽  
M. Van der Gaag
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Medication Compliance

scholarly journals WASPADA EPIDEMI HIV-AIDS DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Handayani .
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Human Immuno Deficiency Virus ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Quality Of Health Services ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

One of the major health problem in Indonesia is the spreading of Acuquired Immune Deficiency Sidrome(AIDS) and Human Immuno Deficiency Virus(HIV). The development of HIV-AIDS in Indonesia is veryalarming. The high number of people living with HIV-AIDS will affect on demography structure, health caresystems, national economic and social order. Combating HIV-AIDS face a variety of complex challenges,requiring both a policy and action at the national, regional, and global. How to coverage prevention andtreatment of HIV-AIDS, strengthening the quality of health services, assurance of drug availability,appropriate and effective regulation, elimination of stigma and discrimination, as well as tests and treatmentsfor patients. Indonesian government have to involve various parties in HIV-AIDS, especially from the fieldof socio-cultural, educational, and religious for the prevention and improvement of patient care need tochange people's behavior.

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