scholarly journals The Faces of Human Vulnerability

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rarita Mihail ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Care Ethics ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Vulnerability ◽  
Human Subjectivity ◽  
The North ◽  
Underlying Basis ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

The notion of vulnerability is one of the beliefs of a recent current of moral and political philosophy, namely care ethics. Stemming, especially, from the North American feminist movement, this care ethics, based on the rejection of a universal and abstract morals, privileges the relational dimension based on the orientation towards human vulnerability.Subject to the weight of the tyranny of normality and perfection, contemporary societies, glorifying the individual who is useful and performant, struggle to hide, or more often than not deny the vulnerability of human beings. The notion of vulnerability appeared not only as a mutual sign of any person who is in a dependent situation, but also as one of the constitutive dimensions of the essence of living beings and of their life environment. In this article, the notion of vulnerability will be studied by identifying the representative themes of human vulnerability particular to their life and its conditions of being. Firstly, the hypothesis proposed by Freud in Le malaise dans la culture (2010)represents the underlying basis of this study on human vulnerability. Next, two important concepts guide the study proposed: the vulnerability inherent to human subjectivity, from the perspective of Lévinas, and the one akin the process of socialising of human beings, from the perspective of Habermas.

The Villa Item and a Bride's Ordeal

1929 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Toynbee
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Important Paper ◽  
The North ◽  
Dwelling House ◽  
South Wall ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
North Wall ◽  
The Right

The paintings in the triclinium of the Villa Item, a dwelling-house excavated in 1909 outside the Porta Ercolanese at Pompeii, have not only often been published and discussed by foreign scholars, but they have also formed the subject of an important paper in this Journal. The artistic qualities of the paintings have been ably set forth: it has been established beyond all doubt that the subject they depict is some form of Dionysiac initiation: and, of the detailed interpretations of the first seven of the individual scenes, those originally put forward by de Petra and accepted, modified or developed by Mrs. Tillyard appear, so far as they go, to be unquestionably on the right lines. A fresh study of the Villa Item frescoes would seem, however, to be justified by the fact that the majority of previous writers have confined their attention almost entirely to the first seven scenes—the three to the east of the entrance on the north wall (fig. 3), the three on the east wall and the one to the east of the window on the south wall, to which the last figure on the east wall, the winged figure with the whip, undoubtedly belongs.

scholarly journals Pyotr Chardynin’s The Idiot as a Phenomenon of Creative Reinterpretation of Dostoevsky’s Novel

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Anastasia Ryabokon’
Keyword(s):  
Film Adaptation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
National Cinema ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Main Protagonist

The essay explores the artistic and expressive features of the world's first film adaptation of Dostoevsky's novel The Idiot, directed in 1910 by Pyotr Chardynin. The author substantiates the degree of influence of one of the most important philosophical concepts of the novel that of a split in the human personality on Russian national consciousness at the beginning of the 20th century. The analysis of the figurative system of the film shows that its semantics and the images of its characters were ahead of its time and, therefore, deserve closer critical attention.In the The Idiot the idea of Dostoevsky about a human beings separateness in the world is revealed in the four main characters Prince Myshkin, Parfyon Rogozhin, Nastasya Filippovna and Aglaya who are not complete, full-fledged personalities but separate components of a harmonious human personality. These characters, like puzzle pieces, possess mutually complementary qualities. Thus, Prince Myshkin, the bearer of the highest spirituality, is contrasted with the earthly and passionate Rogozhin. And the images of Nastasya Filippovna and Aglaya are connected, respectively, with the images of Heavenly Love and Earthly Love. If the characters of the novel could unite with each other in love and harmony, the world would get a complete harmonious person, like the one created by God for the Garden of Eden. However, such a merger seems impossible within the limits of earthly existence. In Dostoevsky's novel the individual parts of the soul could not unite into a harmonious whole. Egoism, passion, pride and imperfection of human nature do allow the protagonists to unite and lead them towards personal disintegration.In Russian national cinema, Dostoevskys idea of human beings separateness undergoes a number of transformations. The changes introduced by Pyotr Chardynin into the film adaptation of the novel mostly relate to the image of the films main protagonist Nastasya Filippovna, whom the filmmaker associates with a dying Russia. Chardynin also transforms other protagonists. Prince Myshkin is the only carrier of the highest spirituality, while Nastasya Filippovna, Aglaya and Rogozhin are earthly and passionate. At the end of the film, Nastasya Filippovnas murderer Rogozhin, dressed in a Russian folk costume, sobs at the bedside of the dead tsarina, while heavenly prince Myshkin who was not accepted by her in her lifetime, comforts the sinner. Chardynins film transforms the idea of a split in the human personality into the idea of the Russian separateness from God, the internal split within the Russian world and, as a consequence, that worlds inevitable death.

“Living on the world”: rethinking justice by reconsidering vulnerability and autonomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-211
Author(s):  
Carla Danani
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Care Ethics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Vulnerability ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
Embodied Consciousness

In this article, I propose a unitary vision that links vulnerability and autonomy together. The aim is to rethink a number of crucial issues related to justice. Firstly, I undertake an in-depth consideration of human vulnerability. By human beings, I understand instances of “embodied consciousness”, who inhabit the placedness of the world not simply by living in it but also by living on it. Openness, exposure and exchange are ontological features through which human beings both receive and cause harm and injuries, but also receive and cause enjoyment and fulfillment. Secondly, I point out that the condition of human interdependency does not require us to give up the demand to pursue “autonomy”. On the contrary, autonomy needs to be rethought, by presenting it as something that is constitutively relational. Finally, I argue for the centrality of issues concerning justice, for human beings develop by constantly establishing relations with human and non-human alterities. The model of subordination, though, should be avoided. My aim is to go beyond the sterile opposition between context perspectives emphasized by care ethics and universalistic approaches endorsed by the ethics of rights. The goals are to build a world where everyone can live one’s ontological inter-dependency without paternalism or subordination, can be protected from avoidable vulnerabilities and have the opportunity to develop and to perform one’s autonomy. This raises issues about the distribution of goods in the social-economic sphere, but also on the management of social infrastructures and the recognitional practices in societies: which are all always placed.

The politics of the individual: Luhmann reading Durkheim

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-381
Author(s):  
Éva Debray
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Political Conception ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Critical Investigation

In his introduction to the first German translation of Durkheim’s Division of Labour in Society, Luhmann hails the work as a “classic” of sociology, stressing its continued relevance and the need to persist in thinking with Durkheim. The present study focuses on this interpretative gesture, that is, on how Luhmann read Durkheim and set out a research program for sociology by defining its field of investigation, paying particular attention to his discussion of Durkheim’s approach to modern individuality. According to this interpretation, the French sociologist worked out a “sociological” conceptualization of the individual. On the one hand, in Luhmann’s view, Durkheim’s theory sheds light on a decrease in social control. On the other hand, he stresses that this inquiry into individuality was closely connected with a critical investigation of another conception of the individual that seems to derive from it, namely, the idea of human beings as “self-constituting.” Nevertheless, a complete examination of Luhmann’s interpretative gesture must also consider what is overlooked, namely the political conception of the individual Durkheim aimed to develop. In an attempt to fill this gap, this article highlights the political effects that such an occultation may entail.

scholarly journals Values of love: two forms of infinity characteristic of human persons

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-450
Author(s):  
Sara Heinämaa
Keyword(s):  
Personal Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Subjectivity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dynamic Character ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
The One ◽  
Organizing Principles

AbstractIn his late reflections on values and forms of life from the 1920s and 1930s, Husserl develops the concept of personal value and argues that these values open two kinds of infinities in our lives. On the one hand personal values disclose infinite emotive depths in human individuals while on the other hand they connect human individuals in continuous and progressive chains of care. In order to get at the core of the concept, I will explicate Husserl’s discussion of personal values of love by distinguishing between five related features. I demonstrate that values of love (1) are rooted in egoic depts and define who we are as persons, (2) differ from objective values in being absolute and non-comparative, (3) ground vocational lives as organizing principles, (4) are endlessly self-disclosing and self-intensifying, and (5) establish transitive relations of care between human beings. On the basis of my five-partite distinction, I argue that Husserl’s concepts of love and value of love reveal the dynamic character of human subjectivity and intersubjectivity.

Study on Differential GPS (DGPS): Method for Reducing the Measurement Error of CNNS

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Yong Jiang ◽  
You Xiang Cui ◽  
Bu Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Differential Gps ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Position on the planet has always been vitally important to human beings and today our exact position is something that we can obtain with ease. Among the most stunning technological developments in recent years have been the immense advances in the realm of satellite navigation or Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technologies. There are various causes of measurement error. The precision of positioning with GPS navigation depends on the one hand on the precision of the individual pseudorange measurements and on the other hand on the geometric configuration of the satellites used. In order to achieve an accuracy of one meter or better, additional measures are necessary. Reducing the effect of measurement errors can considerably increase the positioning accuracy. Differential GPS (DGPS) is a method for reducing the measurement error of GNNS.

scholarly journals Plankton Production Between the Yorkshire Coast and the Dogger Bank, 1933–1939

1944 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Wimpenny
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Dogger Bank ◽  
The North ◽  
Plankton Production ◽  
Net Method ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Glass Cell ◽  
Consistent Picture ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Between March 1933 and June 19391 a series of vertical hauls with a plankton net has been made at a line of six stations 12 miles apart, the first lying off Flamborough Head and the last on the south-west patch of the Dogger Bank. This line was usually visited at monthly intervals, the net used being of the Hensen type fitted with bolting silk of 60 meshes to the inch and hauled to the surface by the counter-weight device introduced by Buchanan-Wollaston (1911). Hensen (1887) worked out a filtration coefficient for his net, and when this was applied to the dimensions of the one in use and the depth through which the vertical hauls were made, it was possible to express the catch in numbers per cubic metre of sea water. It was also possible to give the individual catches by weight, and it may not be without interest to observe, before passing on to deal with numbers, that the dry weights taken in 1936 varied between 0.2600 g. per m.3 in August and 0.0015 in February.Although the net method of estimating plankton has often been decried as unreliable, Hensen net results have always given a consistent picture of relative plankton densities in the North Sea. Confidence arising from this consistency has not been lessened by a comparison of the net and sedimentation methods which has been made in respect of the May 1938 samples.The sedimentation method consists in counting the entire deposit of microplankton which has settled on the floor of a glass cell containing a known volume of sea water.

scholarly journals Towards Moral and Authentic Generalization: Humanity, Individual Human Beings and Distortion

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-678
Author(s):  
Nigel Rapport
Keyword(s):  
Human Science ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Rational Models ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Embodiment ◽  
Individual Human

The article treats the issue of generality. How may one conceive of the relationship between the uniqueness of individuality and the commonality of the human (species and society) without reduction? Can generalization be made moral – es-chewing stereotypes in society – and can it be made authentic – enacting a human science which treats the individual as a thing-in-itself? Simmel’s seminal inter-vention was to see generality as a necessary kind of distortion. In contrast, this article offers rational models of the one and the whole which expect to retain the uniqueness of the one; and it suggests characteristics of human embodiment (ca-pacities, potentialities) that speak to individuality and generality at the same time. The article ends with a reconsideration of distortion as a humane artistic represen-tation, by way of the work of Stanley Spencer.

scholarly journals 2. Account of the Dissection of a Young Rorqual, or short Whalebone Whale, (the Balæna Rostrata of Fabricius); with a few Observations on the Anatomy of the Fœtal Mysticetus

1845 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Knox
Keyword(s):  
Present Specimen ◽  
The North ◽  
Caudal Vertebrae ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Short Time

In February 1834, a young Whalebone Whale was taken near the Queensferry, in the Frith of Forth. After being exhibited for a short time by the proprietors, it was dissected by the author as carefully as time and circumstances would permit. The term Rorqual is employed throughout this memoir in the sense employed by M. Cuvier, as designating “Whalebone Whales, with longitudinal folds under the throat and chest.” He thinks the present specimen quite distinct, specifically from the “Great Rorqual” (the Balæna boops, jubarte, musculus, &c), and not as M. Cuvier seems to think it, a mere variety. Among other distinctions, the Great Rorqual has 13 dorsal, and 43 lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebræ; while the individual now under consideration has only 11 of the former, and 36 of the latter. There are, therefore, at least two species of Rorquals inhabiting the North Seas, viz. the Great Rorqual, and the one now under consideration, a specimen of which was described by Fabricius (Balæna rostrata); another dissected by Hunter, and a third casually observed by James Watson, Esq., who sent a drawing of the same to Dr Traill, by whom it was communicated to Mr Scoresby.

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