scholarly journals Wpływ nanorurek węglowych (CNTs) na parametry mechaniczne kamieni cementowych w warunkach HPHT

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Miłosz Kędzierski ◽  
◽  
Marcin Rzepka ◽  
Marcin Kremieniewski ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Very High

The article presents the results of testing the influence of carbon nanotubes on the mechanical parameters of cement stones under HPHT conditions. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with an external diameter of 10–20 nm and a length of 10–30 μm were used for testing. 0.1% of carbon nanotubes was added to the cement slurry. Laboratory tests of cement slurries were carried out at Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute. The tests were carried out under conditions of increased pressure and temperature in the temperature range of 60–130°C and the pressure range of 25–80 MPa. CEM I 42.5R Portland cement and Class G drilling cement were used to make the slurries at temperature of 60oC. Cement slurries for temperatures from 80oC to 130oC were prepared on the basis of class G drilling cement. The recipes were developed on the basis of the requirements to be met by cement slurry for the cementing of casing under conditions of very high temperatures and reservoir pressures. The densities of tested slurries ranged from 1,840 kg/m3 (slurries at a temperature of 60°C) to 2.250 kg/m3 (slurries with the addition of hematite).Compressive strength tests and adhesion measurements were carried out after 2, 7, 14 and 28 days. Cement slurry recipes with very good technological parameters were developed, which after curing (after 28 days of hydration) showed very high values of compressive strength, reaching up to 44 MPa. Cements were characterized by high values of adhesion to pipes reaching up 8 MPa after 28 days and flexural strength of about 11 MPa. The test results show that the addition of carbon nanotubes has a positive effect on the mechanical strength of cement stones with their addition. The stones modified in this way are characterized by high compressive strength and high adhesion to steel pipes. Further research is needed to determine the influence of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure of hardened cement slurries. It is also necessary to conduct further research on the determination of the optimal amounts of these agents and the selection of the most compatible additives for cement slurries that work optimally in combination with nanoparticles.

Zaczyny cementowe z dodatkiem nanorurek węglowych do uszczelniania otworów wiertniczych o wysokiej temperaturze i ciśnieniu złożowym (150°C, 90 MPa)

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-331
Author(s):  
Miłosz Kędzierski ◽  
◽  
Marcin Rzepka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

The article presents the results of the influence of carbon nanotubes on the mechanical parameters of cement stones under high temperature and pressure conditions (150°C, 90 MPa). The tests used multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with an external diameter of 10–20 nm and a length of 10–30 μm. Cement slurries contained 0.1% of CNTs bwoc (by the weight of cement). Laboratory tests of cement slurries were carried out at the Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute. The tests were carried out under conditions of increased pressure and temperature at 150°C, 90 MPa. Cement slurries were prepared on the basis of class G drilling cement. Developing recipes were guided by the requirements to be met by cement slurry for the cementing of casing in the conditions of high temperature and reservoir pressures. The densities of tested slurries ranged from 1900 kg/m3 to 2250 kg/m3 (slurries with the addition of hematite). The cement slurries were tested for density, fluidity, rheological parameters, filtration and thickening time. Compressive strength tests and measuring adhesion were carried out after 2, 7, 14 and 28 days. Cement slurry recipes with very good technological parameters were developed and after curing (after 28 days of hydration) had very high values of compressive strength, reaching up to 45 MPa. Cements were characterized by high values of adhesion to pipes reaching up 7 MPa after 28 days. The research showed significant information about possible applications of carbon nanotubes to modify the cement slurry under conditions of high temperature and pressure. The conducted tests confirmed that the addition of even small amounts of CNTs improves the mechanical parameters of the cement stone compared to the base sample without such addition, and also reduces the thickening time of cement slurries and reduces filtration. It is investigated that CNTs addition increases the viscosity and yield point of cement slurry. As a result, slurries with the addition of MWCNTs will more effectively displace the mud from the borehole and significantly affect the quality of cementation.

Rigid Polyurethane Foam with Ionic Liquid Modified Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
A.A. Sinar ◽  
Z. Firuz ◽  
A.Z. Nur Hidayah ◽  
Md Akil Hazizan ◽  
H.A. Sahrim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Average Cell Size ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

The rigid polyurethane (PU) were produced using ionic liquid (IL) modified multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by reaction of palm oil based polyol (POP) with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoborate (BMIMBF4) used as IL to disperse MWCNTs in PU foam by grinding in ratio 1:3 by weight of MWCNTs to IL till black paste were obtained. The effects of different percentage of modified MWCNTs (0.0 - 3.0 %) on Polyurethane / Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes / Ionic Liquid (PMI) foam composites were evaluated in density, morphology and compressive strength. The density were increased higher 0.0538 kg / m3 at 3.0 % PMI. The average cell size value higher without addition modified MWCNTs and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed inhomogenously structure with addition of modified MWCNTs. Compressive strength with 0.5 % PMI showed the highest value 1.671 MPa compared to other PMI.

scholarly journals Assessing the Damage Tolerance of Out of Autoclave Manufactured Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polyxeni Dimoka ◽  
Spyridon Psarras ◽  
Christine Kostagiannakopoulou ◽  
Vassilis Kostopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Damage Tolerance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Out Of Autoclave ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
The Impact

The present study aims to investigate the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the damage tolerance after impact (CAI) of the development of Out of Autoclave (OoA) carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. The introduction of MWCNTs into the structure of CFRPs has been succeeded by adding carbon nanotube-enriched sizing agent for the pre-treatment of the fibre preform and using an in-house developed methodology that can be easily scaled up. The modified CFRPs laminates with 1.5 wt.% MWCNTs were subjected to low velocity impact at three impact energy levels (8, 15 and 30 J) and directly compared with the unmodified laminates. In terms of the CFRPs impact performance, compressive strength of nanomodified composites was improved for all energy levels compared to the reference material. The test results obtained from C-scan analysis of nano-modified specimens showed that the delamination area after the impact is mainly reduced, without the degradation of compressive strength and stiffness, indicating a potential improvement of damage tolerance compared to the reference material. SEM analysis of fracture surfaces revealed the additional energy dissipation mechanisms; pulled-out carbon nanotubes which is the main reason for the improved damage tolerance of the multifunctional composites.

Compression Test and Energy Absorption of Polyurethane/Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Foam Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Sinar ◽  
Zainuddin Firuz ◽  
M.A. Nur Azni ◽  
A.Z. Nur Hidayah ◽  
Md Akil Hazizan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Pu Foams

This paper describes the effect of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the properties, especially the strength properties of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams produced from palm oil based polyol (POP) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The foam composites in the ratio of 1:1.1 (wt. %) mixed at speed 2000 rpm. The addition of MWCNTs into PU foam are varies from 0 wt. % to 3 wt. %. The properties evaluated were compressive strength, density and energy absorption. Compressive strength of PU foam composites with 0.5% of MWCNTs showed the highest value 1.162 MPa of compressive strength compared to other foam composites. It was proved by modeling displacement nodal magnitude using NX Software (version 8.5). The density was increased 15.69 % with addition of 0.5 % MWCNTs into the PU foam. Increasing the amount of MWCNTs in PU foam was found to improve the energy absorption from 22.89 J for pure PU to 24.53 J for foam composites with 3 % MWCNTs.

scholarly journals Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Mortar Reinforced with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes - A Case Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Pawandeep Kaur ◽  
Jaspal Singh ◽  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Ritesh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Metakaolin based geopolymer mortars are presently considered as a feasible substitute to Ordinary Portland Cement mortar due to its various benefits. The present experimental investigation is planned by varying the concentrations of sodium hydroxide as 8M, 10M and 12M along with the variation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (0, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1% by weight of the binder). For each specimen, the compressive strength was determined at the curing ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. The results clearly indicate that the incorporation of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the geopolymer matrixes enhances the compressive strength. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to depict the microstructure and morphology of MWCNTs. The ultimate compressive strength was obtained by employing 12M concentrated sodium hydroxide solution along with 0.5% of MWCNTs in geopolymer mortar. The values of integral absolute error were computed for all the curing ages. All the values lie within the acceptable range (0 to 10%).

scholarly journals Improving the Iraqi Oil Well Cement Properties Using Barolift: an Experimental Investigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Ali M. Hadi ◽  
Ayad A. Al-Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Free Water ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Well Cement

Cement is a major component in oil and gas drilling operations that is used to maintain the integrity of boreholes by preventing the movement of formation fluids through the annular space and outside the casing. In 2019, Iraq National Oil Company ordered all international oil and gas companies which are working in Iraq to use Iraqi cement (made in Iraq) in all Iraqi oil fields; however, the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and compressive strength results in this study show that this cement is not matching with American Petroleum Institute (API) standards. During this study, barolift was used to improve the properties of Iraqi cement used in oil wells at high pressure and high temperature (HPHT). Barolift (1 g) was added to cement admixture to evaluate its influence on improving the performance of cement, mainly related to the property of toughness.  Primarily, the quality and quantity of cement contents were determined using X-ray fluorescence. Experiments were conducted to examine the characteristics of the base cement and the cement system containing 1g of barolift, such as thickening time, free water, compressive strength, and porosity. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were conducted for analyzing the microstructure of cement powder. The experimental results showed that barolift acted as a retarder and improved the thickening time, slightly increased the free water, enhanced the mechanical properties, reduced the porosity, and aided in scheming new cement slurry to withstand the HPHT conditions. Microstructure analysis showed that barolift particles blocked the capillaries by filling cement spaces and, thus, a denser and stricter cement network was achieved.

Piezoresistive Properties of Cement Mortar with Carbon Nanotube

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 310-313
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Liu ◽  
Li Rong Yang ◽  
Jun Cong Wei ◽  
Bao Hui Zhao ◽  
Xiao Xin Feng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Compressive Strength Development ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

The compressive strength and piezoresistive property of cement mortar with low adding level of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated. Experimental results showed that the compressive strength of the MWCNTs/cement mortars increased with the adding amount of MWCNTs content for all the curing ages. Silica fume promoted the compressive strength development by well bonding with MWCNTs and filling effect. The electrical resistance changed synchronously with the compressive strength and the amount of the changes varied with the stress and MWCNTs addition levels. Higher MWCNTs doping level improved the piezoresistive sensitivity of the mortar. The mortar with silica fume (5-10% by weight of cement) exhibited better piezoresistive response than that without silica fume at the same MWCNTs doping levels.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost and Low-Density Cement Slurry System Suitable for a Shallow Unconsolidated Stratum

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaping Yue ◽  
Zhaonian Liu ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Zhiqiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Slurry System ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Offshore Oil

The shallow unconsolidated stratum in the offshore oilfield is characterized by large porosity, low temperature, and weak formation and often faces problems such as low density and poor compressive strength of a cement slurry, among others, which pose serious challenges to construction. A high-performance low-density cement slurry system must be used for cementing to ensure the safety of subsequent drilling and mining on-site and to reduce the cost of cement slurry for the efficient development of oil and gas fields. Based on these problems, according to the principle of particle gradation, a mixture with a high accumulation rate and low density composed of five types of mineral materials, i.e., artificial microbeads, floating beads, microsilicon, fly ash, and slag, has been developed through a large number of indoor experiments, and a set of low-cost and low-density cement slurry systems has been developed; these systems are suitable for the shallow loose formations of offshore oil fields. The cement slurry system meets the requirements of the cementing operation conducted under different temperatures and pressures. The density range is 1.4–1.7 g/cm3, which can be adjusted. The cement slurry is stable and exhibits good fluidity. The thickening time meets the requirements of cementing construction. Moreover, the compressive strength of the cement paste is high, and the compressive strength of cement paste is greater than 12 MPa for 24 h and 14 MPa for 48 h of curing at 50°C, which maximizes the economic benefits. The research results provide technical support for the safe and efficient development of offshore oil and gas fields.

scholarly journals Axial Compressive Behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Columns Incorporating Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Marble Powder

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Abdul Jalil Khan ◽  
Liaqat Ali Qureshi ◽  
Muhammad Nasir Ayaz Khan ◽  
Akhtar Gul ◽  
Muhammad Umar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Main Property ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Columns ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Marble Powder

In this study, Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Marble Powder (MP) have been utilized in reinforced concrete columns to assess their structural behavior. The nanotubes from 0.025% to 0.20% and 5% MP by weight of cement were used. The compressive strength of reinforced concrete columns and cubes was analyzed as the main property. The incorporation of MWCNTs and marble powder was able to increase the compressive strength of columns by 72.69% and mortar by 42.45% as compared to reference concrete. The ductility was noted to be improved by 42.04%. The load-deformation and stress-strain behaviors were also analyzed. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the formation of a strong compact bridge (90–100 layers), Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) gel, evenly dispersion, and bridging effect caused by MWCNTs. The incorporation of 0.20% MWCNTs by weight of cement was recommended to be effectively used as a reinforcing agent in concrete.

Potentials of Nano-Designed Plugs: Implications for Short and Long Term Well Integrity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymos Kimanzi ◽  
Harshkumar Patel ◽  
Mahmoud Khalifeh ◽  
Saeed Salehi ◽  
Catalin Teodoriu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Cement System ◽  
Sustained Casing Pressure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Casing Pressure

Abstract Cement plugs are designed to protect the integrity of oil and gas wells by mitigating movement of formation fluids and leaks. A failure of the cement sheath can result in the loss of zonal isolation, which can lead to sustained casing pressure. In this study, nanosynthetic graphite with designed expansive properties has been introduced to fresh cement slurry. The expansive properties of nanosynthetic graphite were achieved by controlling the preparation conditions. The material was made from synthetic graphite and has a surface area ranging from 325–375 m2/gram. Several tests including compressive strength, rheology, and thickening time were performed. An addition of 1% nanosynthetic graphite with appropriate reactivity was sufficient to maintain expansion in the cement system, leading to an early compressive strength development. It has excellent thermal and electrical conductivity and can be used to design a cement system with short and long-term integrity. Rheology and thickening time tests confirmed its pumpability. Controlling the concentration of the additive is a promising method that can be used to mitigate gas migration in gas bearing and shallow gas formations.

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