Results of study of state of pharynx and larynx in aluminum production workers depending on length of service

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
G. M. Beknazarova ◽  
◽  
F. Kh. Adylova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Hydrogen Fluoride ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Upper Respiratory

In the article, the author presented the results of a study of the state of the pharynx and larynx in workers of the aluminum production, depending on the length of service. The most toxic of the fluorine compounds is hydrogen fluoride, which, in addition to general toxic effects, has a local effect on the body, characterized by a predominant lesion of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Almost all hydrogen fluoride inhaled with air is retained in the upper respiratory tract. This is one of the important reasons for the violation of the condition of the pharynx and larynx. Of the total number of workers examined, 578 workers showed changes in the state of the pharynx and in 125 the state of the larynx. All surveyed were divided depending on the duration of work experience. The huge number of those surveyed for certain age groups, which exceeds more than 100 people, gives grounds to consider the revealed results sufficiently reliable to determine the volume of the affected population in the studied contingent and allows, quite reasonably, to analyze the age and experience dynamics of the lesion. The materials obtained showed that the weakening of the protective functions of the epithelium of the nasal cavity makes the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx more sensitive to harmful factors of the working environment, prolonged exposure to harmful industrial factors, such as a significant concentration of dust and various chemical compounds cause deeper damage to the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx and damage the upper respiratory tract becomes descending.

Criterion characteristics of professional risk of the formation of pathology of the upper respiratory tracts

2020 ◽  
pp. 787-788
Author(s):  
I. N. Fedina ◽  
O. N. Grishin ◽  
A. G. Uchurov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The influence of dust influence on the change of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract was determined. The criteria of occupational risk of pathology of the upper respiratory tract in workers of «dust-hazardous» industries are established.

scholarly journals Modern possibilities of herbal medicine in the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
A. V. Gurov ◽  
A. V. Muzhichkova
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Pelargonium Sidoides ◽  
Medicinal Substances ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

The article provides data on the effectiveness of the use of the drug in the treatment of acute, chronic and recurrent diseases of the respiratory tract and ENT organs. The drug is an extract of Pelargonium sidoides. From the standpoint of modern pharmacology, it is known that the use of natural products based on plant materials ensures safety and the absence of pronounced side effects. The main active ingredients of pelargonium are phenolic compounds: coumarins, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The article details the biochemical and pharmacological properties of each of the above groups of compounds. It has been shown that the presence of several classes of phenolic compounds simultaneously contributes to the potentiation of the pharmacological effects of each group separately. Therefore, drug has a pronounced polytropic effect: antiviral, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, mucolytic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytoprotective. The article presents the results of numerous domestic and foreign randomized, placebo-controlled studies demonstrating its high efficacy and safety in the treatment of ENT diseases, upper respiratory tract infections and bronchitis, not only in adults, but also in children over 1 year old. On the basis of the analyzed and presented material, the authors concluded that the use of a natural-based drug in the treatment of acute respiratory infection is effective and safe, both as monotherapy and in combination with other medicinal substances. He is able to quickly eliminate not only the symptoms of inflammation, but also to support the body with any ailments of this type.

scholarly journals Outdoor Activity: Benefits and Risks to Recreational Runners during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswar Makruf ◽  
Doni Hikmat Ramdhan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Strenuous Activity ◽  
Open Window ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Running has become one of the most popular recreational sports worldwide. It is an easily accessible form of exercise as there are minimal equipment and sport structure requirements. Aerodynamic simulation experiments showed a risk of droplet exposure between runners when two people run in a straight line at a close distance (slipstream). Thus, running activities require a safe physical distance of 10 meters to avoid droplet exposure, which can be a source of transmission of COVID-19 infection. However, running outdoors during the COVID-19 pandemic is still often done in pairs and even in groups without wearing a mask. Open window theory stated that changes in the immune system occur immediately after strenuous physical activity. Many immune system components showed adverse changes after prolonged strenuous activity lasting more than 90 minutes. These changes occurred in several parts of the body, such as the skin, upper respiratory tract, lungs, blood, and muscles. Most of these changes reflected physiological stress and immunosuppression. It is thought that an “open window” of the compromised immune system occurs in the 3–72-hour period after vigorous physical exercise, where viruses and bacteria can gain a foothold, increasing the risk of infection, particularly in the upper respiratory tract. Outdoor physical activity positively affects psychological, physiological, biochemical health parameters, and social relationships. However, this activity requires clear rules so that the obtained benefits can be more significant while simultaneously minimizing the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Adequate mucociliary clearance as a factor in the prevention and control of purulent-inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
A. V. Gurov ◽  
M. A. Yushkina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Acute And Chronic Inflammation ◽  
And Control

Purulent-inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs are an urgent problem of modern clinical medicine. The high prevalence of this pathology is due to the active effect of pathogenic microflora on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, the increasing role of opportunistic and atypical microorganisms in the genesis of infection of the upper respiratory tract, as well as disorders in the mucociliary clearance. Limitations in the mobility of cilia of ciliated cells, as well as their partial or complete absence, a change in the composition of mucous secretions and a slowdown in the speed of mucus movement are the mechanisms that determine the possibility of an acute inflammation focus on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, and also increase the risk of developing chronic inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs. The accumulated data on the peculiarities of the existence of microbial biocenoses in the human body, as well as the steady widespread growth of the problem of antibiotic resistance, dictate the need to search for new solutions in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs. A well-established principle of therapy for such conditions is the topical use of combined drugs that combine mucolytic and antibacterial components that actively affect the main links in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. These tasks are most effectively solved by the drug, which contains the mucolytic N-acetylcysteine, which potentiates the effect of another component – the antibiotic thiamphenicol. An important aspect in favor of choosing this drug as a monotherapy or combination therapy for purulent-inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract is a convenient form of release for aerosol administration.

scholarly journals Phage therapy in the treatment of patients with respiratory pathology: history, modern aspects, prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
G. N. Nikiforova ◽  
G. G. Asriyan ◽  
M. M. Gurkova ◽  
P. S. Artamonova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Effective Use

Bacteriophages - viruses infecting bacteria are the largest known group of viruses, which in their structure mainly have doublestranded genomic DNA, but among them there are also groups with double-stranded RNA and single-stranded DNA and RNA. The total population is about 1031–1032 phages, they play an essential role in the regulation of the world’s number of bacteria. The rather complex and diverse interaction of these representatives of the microcosm continues throughout the history of their existence on our planet. The question of the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of patients with various bacterial infections still remains completely unexplored. The very idea of using these microorganisms for therapeutic purposes dates back to the First World War, when the French biologist and researcher Felix d’Hérelle discovered a special type of «bacteria-eating» viruses, on the basis of which he created drugs for the treatment of patients with dysentery. To date, a fairly large clinical experience has been accumulated in the use of phage preparations in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital tract, as well as in the therapy and prevention of purulent-septic processes and nosocomial infections. The mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract is the first line of defense against various respiratory pathogens. The ability of bacteriophages to attach to the surface layer of mucus - mucin, forming an antibacterial protection of the mucous membrane and thus reducing the level of colonization of mucus by bacterial pathogens, determines their effective use in the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Due to certain unique properties of bacteriophages, peculiarities of vital activity and interaction with a bacterial cell, their use seems to be promising for the treatment of patients with infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Electron microscopic changes in the nasal membrane of patients with COVID-19 depending on the clinical form and the period of the disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
E. V. Kryukov ◽  
K. V. Zhdanov ◽  
K. V. Kozlov ◽  
V. Yu. Kravtsov ◽  
O. V. Mal’tsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Given that COVID-19 is a global public health problem and that almost all countries in the world have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, research is being actively pursued to better understand the effects of the virus on human cells. However, it is not clear what changes are observed in the cells of the main gate of infection – the mucosa of the mouth and the nose at different clinical forms and at different periods of disease. Understanding the ultra-structural cell changes of SARS-CoV-2 targets may help clarify the pathogenic aspects of infection in the lower respiratory tract. In this study, the elements of the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the cells of the respiratory epithelium of the nose in patients with COVID-19 were evaluated using electron microscopy for the purpose of detecting the peculiarities of viral activity depending on the form and period of disease. Bioptats of the nasal mucous membrane were taken from COVID-19 patients and subsequently examined by electron microscopy. The severity of structural changes in tissue samples, presence of SARSCoV-2 virus in cells were determined, then bioptats were grouped according to the clinical form of the infection process (inapparent, acute upper respiratory tract infections, viral lung disease) and period of disease. It has been established that the most characteristic changes in the mucous membrane of the nose were observed in the first week of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 and occurring in the form of acute respiratory disease, while viral lung infections have had the highest virus density in vesicles within cells, the formation of smooth virus-free vesicles is most common in inapparent forms. The data obtained may indicate that the formation of classical virus-induced changes in the respiratory epithelium of the nose mucous (vesicles with viral particles and signs of their release from the cell) is characteristic of localized forms of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (respiratory infection of the upper respiratory tract) and in cases of generalized infection (viral infection of the lungs and probably other organs and systems) accumulation of the infectious agent in high concentrations in vesicles. 

scholarly journals CoViD-19: An early intervention therapeutic strategy to prevent developing a severe disease as an alternative approach to control the pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAMID MERCHANT
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Holistic Treatment ◽  
Upper Respiratory

While we wait for a confirmed drug or a vaccine for CoViD-19, it may be possible to intervene early to prevent the virus causing a severe disease to offer an alternative therapeutic strategy to control the pandemic. The global burden of CoViD-19 on the healthcare system can be significantly reduced by targeting CoViD-19 patients with or without symptoms who are self-isolating at home or in quarantine. If any therapeutic support can be offered to this group of patients that could attenuate the virus within the upper respiratory tract during the early stages of CoViD-19, it can give the body the time to produce enough antibodies to recover naturally from the disease before progressing into severe disease. An early intervention can, therefore, prevent the virus to get down the lower respiratory tract, reduce the number of cases with severe disease involving pneumonia and the need for hospitalisation. This article presents a simple yet holistic treatment strategy that involves inhaling steam supplemented with essential oils possessing wide spectrum antimicrobial properties in conjunction with oropharyngeal sanitisation to all those who are CoViD-19 positive or are under self-isolation due to symptoms. The approach is very simple, cheap, and effective in relieving the symptoms of the disease and is likely to reduce the viral load in the upper respiratory tract that may help recover from the infection. Since there is no vaccine or treatment yet approved to prevent or treat the CoViD-19, the importance of early intervention is invaluable in reducing the global disease burden. In the authors opinion, this strategy may be very effective to nip the infection in the bud before it gets difficult to treat and therefore, have a potential to significantly reduce the CoViD-19 associated hospitalisation.

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