scholarly journals Nutritive Value Of Three Potential Complementary Foods Based On Cereals And Legumes

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 01-14
Author(s):  
Solomon Mariam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Weaning Foods ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Food Commodities

The objectives of the study were to formulate composite blends (weaning foods based on locally available cereals and legumes, to chemically evaluate their nutrient values, and compare with those of a proprietary formula and recommended daily allowance (RDA). The study is part of the effort to provide home-based complementary (weaning) foods that can be more cost effective to the low income families. Three composite blends were formulated based on protein basis of the food commodities used. Standard procedures of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) were used to determine the proximate chemical composition. Technicon amino acid analyzer was used to detect and quantify neither amino acids using nor leucine as the internal standard, while atomic absorption spectrophotometer and ion chromatographic analyzer were used to determine the mineral element composition. The overall results indicated that crude protein, lipid, fibre, ash, moisture, energy and carbohydrate were either comparable or higher than values in the proprietary formula. The subject formulae would meet the RDA for protein, lipid, magnesium, manganese and fluoride based on an estimated daily intake of 65 g of weaning foods by a normal six months old infant in Jos, Nigeria. The subject diets would not meet the RDA for other nutrients based on the same estimation. It is therefore recommended that infants fed on these formulations be breastfed for at least two years, since the formulations are not intended to substitute breast milk, but to complement it. Frequent feeding on these foods is also recommended to increase daily nutrient intake. Inclusion of other nutrient-dense food commodities or appropriate micronutrients is necessary to raise the level of nutrients. The researchers believe that complementary foods formulated from locally available food commodities have great potential in providing nutritious foods that are practical, food-based approaches, aimed at combating the problem of malnutrition among infants and children in Nigeria in particular, and developing counties in general.

Determinants of Abuse of the Bodies of the Dead

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Margarita Khomyakova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
High Level

The author analyzes definitions of the concepts of determinants of crime given by various scientists and offers her definition. In this study, determinants of crime are understood as a set of its causes, the circumstances that contribute committing them, as well as the dynamics of crime. It is noted that the Russian legislator in Article 244 of the Criminal Code defines the object of this criminal assault as public morality. Despite the use of evaluative concepts both in the disposition of this norm and in determining the specific object of a given crime, the position of criminologists is unequivocal: crimes of this kind are immoral and are in irreconcilable conflict with generally accepted moral and legal norms. In the paper, some views are considered with regard to making value judgments which could hardly apply to legal norms. According to the author, the reasons for abuse of the bodies of the dead include economic problems of the subject of a crime, a low level of culture and legal awareness; this list is not exhaustive. The main circumstances that contribute committing abuse of the bodies of the dead and their burial places are the following: low income and unemployment, low level of criminological prevention, poor maintenance and protection of medical institutions and cemeteries due to underperformance of state and municipal bodies. The list of circumstances is also open-ended. Due to some factors, including a high level of latency, it is not possible to reflect the dynamics of such crimes objectively. At the same time, identification of the determinants of abuse of the bodies of the dead will reduce the number of such crimes.

scholarly journals Aptamer-Based Diagnostic Systems for the Rapid Screening of TB at the Point-of-Care

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1352
Author(s):  
Darius Riziki Martin ◽  
Nicole Remaliah Sibuyi ◽  
Phumuzile Dube ◽  
Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka ◽  
Ruben Cloete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Rapid Tests

The transmission of Tuberculosis (TB) is very rapid and the burden it places on health care systems is felt globally. The effective management and prevention of this disease requires that it is detected early. Current TB diagnostic approaches, such as the culture, sputum smear, skin tuberculin, and molecular tests are time-consuming, and some are unaffordable for low-income countries. Rapid tests for disease biomarker detection are mostly based on immunological assays that use antibodies which are costly to produce, have low sensitivity and stability. Aptamers can replace antibodies in these diagnostic tests for the development of new rapid tests that are more cost effective; more stable at high temperatures and therefore have a better shelf life; do not have batch-to-batch variations, and thus more consistently bind to a specific target with similar or higher specificity and selectivity and are therefore more reliable. Advancements in TB research, in particular the application of proteomics to identify TB specific biomarkers, led to the identification of a number of biomarker proteins, that can be used to develop aptamer-based diagnostic assays able to screen individuals at the point-of-care (POC) more efficiently in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Identification and quantification of dicarboxylic fatty acids in head tissue of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Lehnert ◽  
Mamun M. Rashid ◽  
Benoy Kumar Barman ◽  
Walter Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union

AbstractNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was grown in Bangladesh with four different feeding treatments as part of a project that aims to produce fish in a cost-effective way for low-income consumers in developing countries. Fillet and head tissue was analysed because both tissues were destined for human consumption. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of transesterified fatty acid methyl ester extracts indicated the presence of ~ 50 fatty acids. Major fatty acids in fillet and head tissue were palmitic acid and oleic acid. Both linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids with three or more double bonds were presented in quantities > 10% of total fatty acids in fillet, but lower in head tissue. Erucic acid levels were below the newly proposed tolerable daily intake in the European Union, based on the consumption of 200 g fillet per day. Moreover, further analysis produced evidence for the presence of the dicarboxylic fatty acid azelaic acid (nonanedioic acid, Di9:0) in head tissue. To verify this uncommon finding, countercurrent chromatography was used to isolate Di9:0 and other dicarboxylic acids from a technical standard followed by its quantification. Di9:0 contributed to 0.4–1.3% of the fatty acid profile in head tissue, but was not detected in fillet. Fish fed with increasing quantities of flaxseed indicated that linoleic acid was the likely precursor of Di9:0 in the head tissue samples.

scholarly journals Identifying Meaningful Indicators of Parent Engagement in Early Learning for Low-Income, Urban Families

2020 ◽  
pp. 004208592096861
Author(s):  
Amie F. Bettencourt ◽  
Deborah Gross ◽  
Kelly Bower ◽  
Lucine Francis ◽  
Kathryn Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parent Engagement ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Urban Families ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Urban School Districts ◽  
School Based ◽  
Home Based

The purpose of this study was to identify indicators of parent engagement in early learning that would be relevant for children’s academic success; equitable for all families regardless of social, educational, or economic backgrounds; and actionable for urban school districts seeking to promote parent engagement with limited resources. Using a Delphi technique, a panel of parents, school staff, and researchers rated 106 parent engagement indicators extracted from stakeholder interviews. After multiple Delphi rounds and panel discussion, 30 indicators were retained. Retained indicators focused on home-based activities and home-school relationships/communication; no school-based activities met criteria for relevance, feasibility, and actionability.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MUSA ACUMINATA FRUIT AS A NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANT FOR TABLET FORMULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Gopinath E
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Tablet Formulation ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Solubility Study ◽  
Orodispersible Tablet

Objective: The objective of the present work was to develop and evaluate a new, low-cost effective superdisintegrant from Musa acuminata fruit for tablet formulation.Methods: The study involved collection of M. acuminata fruit powdered and evaluated for physicochemical properties. Propranolol Hcl was used as a model drug for tablet formulation. Different concentrations of M. acuminatea powder were used as superdisintegrant, and orodispersible tablet is prepared and evaluated. In the present study, sodium starch glycolate was used as synthetic superdisintegrant for comparative study.Result: The powder was dark brownish and did not change throughout the study. The percentage porosity of powder was found to be 42.88% and angle of repose of was found to be 33.69°. The solubility study shows that the powders are sparingly soluble in water and disperse into individual particles. Total ash and acid insoluble ash values of powder were found to be 2.61 and 2.11% w/w, respectively. The average weight of tablets was ranged from 101.42 to 103.52 mg and averaged hardness was found to be 3.4 kg/cm2. Moreover, the tablets exhibited acceptable friability. Disintegration time of all formulations was found to be in the range of 22–80 s and wetting time was found to be 07–18 s.Conclusion: From the study, it was concluded that M. acuminatea powder in the range of 2–12% can be used as superdisintegrant in orodispersible tablet formulation and shall be preferred as having nutritive value as well as cost profit in the development of orodispersible tablet than synthetic polymer.

scholarly journals A Five-Ingredient Nutritional Supplement and Home-Based Resistance Exercise Improve Lean Mass and Strength in Free-Living Elderly

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats I. Nilsson ◽  
Andrew Mikhail ◽  
Lucy Lan ◽  
Alessia Di Carlo ◽  
Bethanie Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Home Based ◽  
And Function

Old age is associated with lower physical activity levels, suboptimal protein intake, and desensitization to anabolic stimuli, predisposing for age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia). Although resistance exercise (RE) and protein supplementation partially protect against sarcopenia under controlled conditions, the efficacy of home-based, unsupervised RE (HBRE) and multi-ingredient supplementation (MIS) is largely unknown. In this randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind trial, we examined the effects of HBRE/MIS on muscle mass, strength, and function in free-living, older men. Thirty-two sedentary men underwent twelve weeks of home-based resistance band training (3 d/week), in combination with daily intake of a novel five-nutrient supplement (‘Muscle5’; M5, n = 16, 77.4 ± 2.8 y) containing whey, micellar casein, creatine, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids, or an isocaloric/isonitrogenous placebo (PLA; n = 16, 74.4 ± 1.3 y), containing collagen and sunflower oil. Appendicular and total lean mass (ASM; +3%, TLM; +2%), lean mass to fat ratios (ASM/% body fat; +6%, TLM/% body fat; +5%), maximal strength (grip; +8%, leg press; +17%), and function (5-Times Sit-to-Stand time; −9%) were significantly improved in the M5 group following HBRE/MIS therapy (pre vs. post tests; p < 0.05). Fast-twitch muscle fiber cross-sectional areas of the quadriceps muscle were also significantly increased in the M5 group post intervention (Type IIa; +30.9%, Type IIx, +28.5%, p < 0.05). Sub-group analysis indicated even greater gains in total lean mass in sarcopenic individuals following HBRE/MIS therapy (TLM; +1.65 kg/+3.4%, p < 0.05). We conclude that the Muscle5 supplement is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective complement to low-intensity, home-based resistance exercise and improves lean mass, strength, and overall muscle quality in old age.

Computerized color perimetry in multiple sclerosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Accornero ◽  
S Rinalduzzi ◽  
M Capozza ◽  
E Millefiorini ◽  
G C Filligoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Color Perimetry ◽  
Field Defects

Color visual field analysis has proven highly sensitive for early visual impairments diagnosis in MS, yet it has never attained widespread popularity usually because the procedure is difficult to standardize, the devices are costly, and the test is fatiguing. We propose a computerized procedure running on standard PC, cost effective, clonable, and easy handled. Two hundred and sixty-four colored patches subtending 18 angle of vision, with selected hues and low saturation levels are sequentially and randomly displayed on gray equiluminous background of the PC screen subtending 2486408 angle of vision. The subject is requested to press a switch at the perception of the stimulus. The output provides colored maps with quantitative information. Comparison between normals and a selected population of MS patients with no actual luminance visual field defects, showed high statistical difference.

scholarly journals Public Subsidies for Employees' Contributions to Employer-Sponsored Insurance

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Merlis
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Employee Premium Contributions ◽  
Premium Contributions ◽  
Insurance Tax ◽  
Fair Balance

Proposals to provide or subsidize health insurance for low-income families must take account of the fact that many workers have access to employer-sponsored insurance (ESI), but decline it because of required employee premium contributions. This article considers a tax credit for the employee share of ESI in the context of a broader program of income-based health insurance tax credits. Helping uninsured workers pay for available ESI could be more cost-effective than subsidizing their coverage in the nongroup market. The credit would also be available to workers who were already covered, both for equity reasons and to reduce the incentives for employers to drop coverage or for workers to shift to subsidized individual plans. One key issue is how to prevent employers from reducing their current health plan contributions to take advantage of the new funding. Other design questions considered by the article include whether workers should be able to choose between ESI and nongroup coverage, whether minimum benefit standards should apply for employer plans, and how to achieve a fair balance in subsidies for group and nongroup coverage.

scholarly journals P.028 Global surgery for pediatric hydrocephalus in the developing world: a review of the history, challenges, and future directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. S20-S20
Author(s):  
S Wang ◽  
RT Muir ◽  
BC Warf
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Surgery ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Pediatric Hydrocephalus ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Education Gaps

Background: Pediatric hydrocephalus is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions and is a major contributor to the global burden of surgically treatable diseases. Methods: The authors conducted a literature review around the topic of pediatric hydrocephalus in the context of global surgery, the unique challenges to creating access to care in low-income countries, and current international efforts to address the problem. Results: Developing countries face the greatest burden of pediatric hydrocephalus due to high birth rates and greater risk of neonatal infections. This burden is related to more general global health challenges, including malnutrition, infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal risk factors, and education gaps. Unique challenges pertaining to the treatment of hydrocephalus in the developing world include a preponderance of postinfectious hydrocephalus, limited resources, and restricted access to neurosurgical care. In the 21st century, several organizations have established programs that provide hydrocephalus treatment and neurosurgical training in Africa, Central and South America, Haiti, and Southeast Asia. These international efforts have employed various models to achieve the goals of providing safe, sustainable, and cost-effective treatment. Conclusions: Broader commitment from the pediatric neurosurgery community, increased funding, public education, surgeon training, and ongoing surgical innovation will be needed to meaningfully address the global burden of untreated hydrocephalus.

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