Results of Studying Strain Relaxation in Steel 25Kh17N2B-Sh (25Х17Н2Б-Ш) and Copper М1 Using Annular Samples of Equal Bending Resistance

Author(s):  
A.V. Proskurin ◽  
S.P. Sayun

The paper introduces the research into stress relaxation of corrosion-resistant steel 25Kh17N2B-Sh (25Х17Н2Б-Ш) at temperatures of 20 and 100 °C, annealed copper M1 of two types --- soft and subjected to preliminary plastic deformation --- at a temperature of 20 °C, used in the manufacture of parts for butt joints of high-pressure pipelines. The research was carried out on annular samples of equal bending resistance according to the method of Oding. The study shows the action of temperature on the rate of stress relaxation in steel 25Kh17N2B-Sh (25Х17Н2Б-Ш), as well as the effect of preliminary plastic deformation of annealed copper on its relaxation characteristics, which is especially noticeable in the first hours after loading. As a result of the analysis of experimental data and by means of nonlinear regression, we determined the numerical values of the parameters of the equations used to describe the process of stress relaxation. Using the obtained expressions, we calculated and plotted the curves of stress relaxation in the materials under study. Furthermore, we compared the stress values calculated using the obtained relaxation model for steel 25Kh17N2B-Sh (25Х17Н2Б-Ш) at a temperature of 20 °C with the results of stress relaxation of a control sample from the same material, the test results of which were not used in the development of a mathematical model. The calculated data showed good similarity with the experimental data obtained on the test sample, which indicates the correct operation of the mathematical model

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikar Bhagath ◽  
Michael G. Pecht

This paper presents the development of an initial, “first-cut”, mathematical model for the prediction of electrical interface reliability trends. The model pertains to gold plated contacts subject to loss of normal force and environmental corrosion with time. Stress relaxation over time and temperature in the base metal of the contact is accounted for. Utilizing the results of Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) tests, the model can be used to estimate the statistical contact resistance at a particular load (normal force), aging and operating temperature in the class II and III environments. An attempt is made to correlate experimental data with the classical Holm’s equation and to introduce time dependence into the equation. Further work is proposed to correlate results with experimental connector performance data.


Author(s):  
Ю.Н. Власов ◽  
Е.В. Нестерова ◽  
Е.Г. Хитров

В технике при изучении кинетики измельчения материалов пользуются математическими моделями в виде интегро-дифференциальных уравнений, решение которых трудоемко и не всегда приводит к получению наглядных результатов. Цель настоящей статьи разработать математическую модель, раскрывающую кинетику изменения фракционного состава измельчаемых древесных материалов, позволяющую на практике проводить оценку фракционного состава обрабатываемого сырья во времени. Методы исследования математический анализ, численные методы решения дифференциальных уравнений и обработки расчетных данных. Измельчение рассмотрено как многостадийный процесс, при котором фракции материала (узкие классы) под воздействием рабочего органа машины-измельчителя претерпевают превращения, происходящие как последовательно, так и параллельно, причем скорости превращений и доли вновь образованных узких классов материала определяются исходными размерами измельчаемых фракций и параметрами рабочего органа измельчителя. Предложена система дифференциальных уравнений, описывающая в общем превращения узких классов при измельчении, причем коэффициенты уравнений позволяют учесть произвольный вид функций скоростей измельчения фракций и выхода продуктов измельчения. Предложенная система является альтернативой интегро-дифференциальному уравнению балансовой модели измельчения. Выполнена оценка значений параметров математической модели на примере измельчения коры. По результатам сопоставления результатов моделирования с экспериментальными данными, полученными предыдущими исследователями, установлено, что предложенная дифференциальная модель изменения фракционного состава материала при принятых предпосылках к расчету ее параметров качественно и количественно описывает экспериментальных данные с высокой точностью. In techniques at study of kinetics of shredding of materials use mathematical models in the form of the integral-differential equations, which solution is laborious and not always leads to reception of evident results. The purpose of this article is to develop a mathematical model, which reveals the kinetics of change in fractional composition of wood materials being shredded, allowing in practice to evaluate the fractional composition of the processed raw materials in time. Methods of research include mathematical analysis, numerical methods for solving differential equations and processing of calculated data. Shredding is considered as multistage process at which fractions of a material (narrow classes) under the influence of a working body of the shredder machine undergo transformations occurring both consistently and in parallel, and rates of transformations and a share of again formed narrow classes of the material are defined by initial sizes of shredded fractions and parameters of the working body. The system of the differential equations describing in the general transformation of narrow classes at grinding is offered, and factors of the equations allow to consider any kind of functions of speeds of grinding of fractions and the output of shredding products. The proposed system is an alternative to the integral-differential equation of the balance shredding model. The estimation of values of parameters of the mathematical model on an example of bark shredding is carried out. By results of comparison of results of modeling with the experimental data received by previous researchers it is established that the offered differential model of change of fractional composition of the material at the accepted preconditions to calculation of its parameters qualitatively and quantitatively describes the experimental data with high accuracy.


2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112095136
Author(s):  
Ivan Šarčev ◽  
Branislava Petronijević Šarčev ◽  
Veljko Krstonošić ◽  
Marko Janev ◽  
Teodor M Atanacković

The aim of this study is to analyze viscoelastic properties of direct composite core (Lightcore, Build-it, Clearfil Photo Core, Rebilda). Experiments are preformed and mathematical models developed, based on derivatives of fractional order, to describe the viscoelastic properties of the studied materials. The basic assumption that materials are of memory type was proved to be correct. For each material, four fractional derivative models are used to fit experimental data and then one model, with smallest error between measured and calculated data for storage and loss modulus, is chosen. On the basis of mathematical model formulated here, it is possible to predict some viscoelastic properties of the materials that are important in clinical application. Central conclusion is that the four studied materials have different rheological properties although they are indicated for the same clinical procedure.


Open Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
Gafar G. Ismayilov ◽  
Vugar M. Fataliyev ◽  
Elman Kh. Iskenderov

Abstract The conventional equations for describing the flow characteristics of the mixtures merely consider fluid that is homogenic, if it is above the bubble point conditions but ignore that a system containing sub-micron sized gas or vapor bubbles distributed throughout the volume of the liquid, which can exhibit unexpected heterogenic and complex phase properties. In this paper, a new mathematical model for the flowing gas-liquid mixture is presented, which has been proposed considering the colloidal feature of the system above the saturation or bubble point pressure. This approach is more in line with the actual dynamic performance of the oil and gas mixture export pipeline. Experimental data, simulations and field case studies validate the new proposed mathematical model of flow characteristics in pipeline. The obtained results confirmed that the calculated data are in good agreement with the experimental data. Based on Azerbaijan oil-gas-condensate field “Guneshli” data, this new model was used for calculating the condition in which the transformation of the flow characteristics from stable into instable is occurred. It has been discovered that the flow becomes unstable at a pressure about 30% higher than Bubble Point Pressure, which causes pulsation effect in the pipeline structure. However, homogenic behavior should be observed in this hydrodynamic condition. Also, the model provides a guideline on how to optimize the flow rate by adjusting the pipeline parameters to minimize the flow resistance, liquid slugging and hydraulic hammering effects, which cause instable operation.


1990 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hechun Chen ◽  
Reginald W. Smith ◽  
Jiwei Shi ◽  
Yang Zhengheng

ABSTRACTThe characteristics of superplasticity are discussed from the viewpoint of irreversible thermodynamics, in particular, system evolution and the formation of dissipative structures. A mathematical model combining determinism with indeterminism is used to analyze plastic deformation and superplasticity in metals. Since the plastic deformation of a metal is in essence a dissipative process occurring in a system far away from thermodynamic equilibrium, the instability of the system resulting from structure fluctuations (defects) and thermodynamic bifurcations (possible thermodynamic states) will result in many deformation mechanisms being available to provide the deformation observed in the system. Thus it is virtually impossible to describe all the possible models in conventional terms i.e. by the application of the method of determinism. A new model is proposed, and is shown to account for much of the experimental data reported.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
M. I. Sidorov ◽  
М. Е. Stavrovsky ◽  
V. V. Irogov ◽  
E. S. Yurtsev

Using the example of van der Pol developed a mathematical model of frictional self-oscillations in topochemically kinetics. Marked qualitative correspondence of the results of calculation performed using the experimental data of researchers.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Dominik Gryboś ◽  
Jacek S. Leszczyński ◽  
Dorota Czopek ◽  
Jerzy Wiciak

In this paper, we demonstrate how to reduce the noise level of expanded air from pneumatic tools. Instead of a muffler, we propose the expanded collecting system, where the air expands through the pneumatic tube and expansion collector. We have elaborated a mathematical model which illustrates the dynamics of the air flow, as well as the acoustic pressure at the end of the tube. The computational results were compared with experimental data to check the air dynamics and sound pressure. Moreover, the study presents the methodology of noise measurement generated in a pneumatic screwdriver in a quiet back room and on a window-fitting stand in a production hall. In addition, we have performed noise measurements for the pneumatic screwdriver and the pneumatic screwdriver on an industrial scale. These measurements prove the noise reduction of the pneumatic tools when the expanded collecting system is used. When the expanded collecting system was applied to the screwdriver, the measured Sound Pressure Level (SPL) decreased from 87 to 80 dB(A).


2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykhaylo Tkach ◽  
Serhii Morhun ◽  
Yuri Zolotoy ◽  
Irina Zhuk

AbstractNatural frequencies and vibration modes of axial compressor blades are investigated. A refined mathematical model based on the usage of an eight-nodal curvilinear isoparametric finite element was applied. The verification of the model is carried out by finding the frequencies and vibration modes of a smooth cylindrical shell and comparing them with experimental data. A high-precision experimental setup based on an advanced method of time-dependent electronic interferometry was developed for this aim. Thus, the objective of the study is to verify the adequacy of the refined mathematical model by means of the advanced time-dependent electronic interferometry experimental method. The divergence of the results of frequency measurements between numerical calculations and experimental data does not exceed 5 % that indicates the adequacy and high reliability of the developed mathematical model. The developed mathematical model and experimental setup can be used later in the study of blades with more complex geometric and strength characteristics or in cases when the real boundary conditions or mechanical characteristics of material are uncertain.


2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 2227-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Fager ◽  
Martina Calzavara ◽  
Fabio Sgarbossa

AbstractKitting – meaning to supply assembly with components in presorted kits – is widely seen as beneficial for assembly quality and efficiency when there is a multitude of component variants. However, the process by which kits are prepared – the kit preparation – is labour-intensive, and kit errors are problematic at assembly processes. The use of robotics to support kit preparation has received some attention by researchers, but literature is lacking with respect to how collaborative robots – cobots – can support kit preparation activities. The purpose of this paper is to identify the potential of a cobot to support time-efficient batch preparation of kits. To address the purpose, the paper presents a mathematical model for estimation of the cycle time associated with cobot-supported kit preparation. The model is applied in a numerical example with experimental data from laboratory experiments, and cobot-supported kit preparation is compared with manual kit preparation. The findings suggest that cobot-supported kit preparation is beneficial with diverse kits and smaller components quantities per SKU (Stock Keeping Unit) and provides less variability of the outcome, when compared to manual kit preparation. The paper reveals several insights about cobot-supported kit preparation that can be valuable for both academics and practitioners. The model developed can be used by practitioners to assess the potential of cobots to support kit-batch preparation in association with assembly, spare parts, repair and maintenance, or business to business industry.


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