Elaboration of a new calculation procedure of hydrocarbon deposit layer thickness in fuel channels of heat engines and power plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Altunin
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Calculation Procedure ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
Fuel Feed ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Metal Wall ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposit ◽  
Deposit Layer

The article is devoted to theoretical research connected with elaboration of a new calculation procedure for hydrocarbon deposit layer thickness. A common problem of deposit formation in heat engines and power plants is thoroughly investigated. In addition, the wall composition, temperature, time and a number of life cycles, etc. are mentioned as key factors that have direct influence on this heat phenomenon. The paper describes thermophysical properties of deposits in fuel feed systems of different engines. The literature search and analysis did not reveal any similar procedures of calculation of hydrocarbon deposit layer thickness that could be connected with electrical properties of a wall or a deposit. The paper presents new equations for calculating the deposit formation thickness and rate based upon thermal and electrical nature of this process. These new equations led to elaboration of the new calculation procedure of hydrocarbon deposit layer thickness on a metal wall for any fuel channel of a heat engine or a power plant based on liquid hydrocarbon fuel or coolant. The new calculation technique was verified by experiments in aviation kerosene boiling in volume, which clarified special features in the application of new equations. Owing to the universal character of the proposed technique, it can be used for calculating the deposit formation virtually in all the known heat engines and power plants, for various operating conditions, for different metal wall compositions, at various fuel flow rates and pressures, temperature regimes inside fuel-feed and cooling channels.

scholarly journals Investigating Theoretical PV Energy Generation Patterns with Their Relation to the Power Load Curve in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Jurasz ◽  
Jerzy Mikulik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Fuel Feed ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Gross Energy

Polish energy sector is (almost from its origin) dominated by fossil fuel feed power. This situation results from an abundance of relatively cheap coal (hard and lignite). Brown coal due to its nature is the cheapest energy source in Poland. However, hard coal which fuels 60% of polish power plants is picking up on prices and is susceptible to the coal imported from neighboring countries. Forced by the European Union (EU) regulations, Poland is struggling at achieving its goal of reaching 15% of energy consumption from renewable energy sources (RES) by 2020. Over the year 2015, RES covered 11.3% of gross energy consumption but this generation was dominated by solid biomass (over 80%). The aim of this paper was to answer the following research questions: What is the relation of irradiation values to the power load on a yearly and daily basis? and how should photovoltaics (PV) be integrated in the polish power system? Conducted analysis allowed us to state that there exists a negative correlation between power demand and irradiation values on a yearly basis, but this is likely to change in the future. Secondly, on average, daily values of irradiation tend to follow power load curve over the first hours of the day.

Hybrid Heat Engines: The Power Generation Systems of the Future

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie Layne ◽  
Scott Samuelsen ◽  
Mark Williams ◽  
Patricia Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Hybrid Concept ◽  
Hybrid Program ◽  
Power Generation Systems

A hybrid heat engine results from the fusion of a heat engine with a non-heat-engine based cycle (unlike systems). The term combined cycle, which refers to similar arrangements, is reserved for the combination of two or more heat engines (like systems). The resulting product of the integration of a gas turbine and a fuel cell is referred to here as a hybrid heat engine or “Hybrid” for short. The intent of this paper is to provide, to the gas turbine community, a review of the present status of hybrid heat engine technologies. Current and projected activities associated with this emerging concept are also presented. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is collaborating with other sponsors and the private sector to develop a Hybrid Program. This program will address the issues of technology development, integration, and ultimately the demonstration of what may be the most efficient of power plants in the world — the Hybrid System. Analyses of several Hybrid concepts have indicated the potential of ultra-high efficiencies (approaching 80%). In the Hybrid, the synergism between the gas turbine and fuel cell provides higher efficiencies and lower costs than either system can alone. Testing of the first Hybrid concept has been initiated at the National Fuel Cell Research Center (NFCRC).

Elaboration of a criterion heat transfer equation of electrostatic fields influence in kerosene medium at free convection and deposit formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Altunin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
Heat Transfer Intensification ◽  
Electrostatic Fields ◽  
Fuel Delivery ◽  
Criterion Equation ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
Dimensionless Similarity

The paper focuses on the problem of deposit formation in engines and power plants operating on liquid hydrocarbon fuels and coolers, and analyzes hydrocarbon deposit formation on heated fuel-delivery metal at increased temperature. First, an experimental setup was created to study the effect of electrostatic fields on the heat transfer intensification in liquid aviation kerosene TS-1 and the process of deposit formation on a heated working plate. Then, the effect of electric wind on thermal processes was visualized using the Tepler optical setup and the influence of electrostatic fields on the processes of heat transfer of deposit formation in the kerosene medium when using coaxial needles as electrodes was studied. Finally, findings of the research were generalized and a new criterion equation with a created dimensionless similarity number of electric convection and deposit formation simplex was introduced.

scholarly journals A Multi-Objective Scheduling Optimization Model for a Multi-Energy Complementary System Considering Different Operation Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Ju ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Qinliang Tan ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Zhongfu Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Solution Algorithm ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Complementary System ◽  
Objective Model

In order to reduce the amount of abandoned clean energy, the complementary characterization of wind power plants (WPPs), photovoltaic power plants (PVs), hydropower stations (HSs), and thermal power plants (TPPs) combined with energy storage devices (ESDs) is considered, and they are integrated into a multi-energy complementary system (MECS). Firstly, a scenario-generating technique is proposed for uncertainty factors using the Wasserstein method and the improved K-medoids theory. Then, a multi-objective model and solution algorithm are constructed under the objectives of attaining the maximum operation revenue, the minimum abandoned energy cost, and the minimum output fluctuations. Meanwhile, the influence of different ESD operation modes on MECS operation is discussed, specifically, the longest life cycle (LLC) and the optimum economic efficiency (OEE). Thirdly, in order to solve the multi-objective model, a solution algorithm is proposed by using the rough set method to convert the multi-objective model into a single objective model based on the payoff table. Moreover, the complementary features of the MECS are evaluated in terms of the load tracking degree, HS secondary peaking capacity, and units of coal consumption. Finally, the improved IEEE 14-bus system is chosen for the simulation analysis. The results show that (1) the proposed uncertainty simulation method can efficiently generate the most representative scenarios; (2) MECSs can utilize complementary power sources, the OEE mode can better optimize MECS scheduling, and the LLC mode can ensure the ESDs’ life cycles; (3) the scheduling scheme of MECS operation reach the optimal level when the capacity ratio of ESD:WPP–PV iso [0.62, 0.77] in the OEE mode and [1, 1.08] in the LLC mode on a typical summer day, and the ratio is [0.92, 1] in the OEE mode and [1.23, 1.31] in the LLC mode on a typical winter day. Therefore, the proposed model provides effective decision-making support for designing the optimal plan for MECS operation.

Incorporating Environmental Impacts in Strategic Redesign of an Engineered System

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Harper ◽  
Deborah L. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Operational Life

Large engineered systems do not often live out their life cycles as originally planned. Traditional design methods do not address redesign issues that arise during long term operation of these systems. The problem of how to consider the environmental impacts of stranded assets is especially problematic, particularly during system operational changes. This paper presents a method for analysis of a dynamically changing system that includes consideration of both economic and environmental impacts. A case study of an electrical power system illustrates the approach. Using a 100yr time period and using several decision rules (e.g., keep all plants operating until planned retirement age or retire all plants 10% early), the aggregated results were derived. The best sequence of decision or decision rule can now be determined by the highest multiattribute utility score. The best decision sequence is one that immediately retires and decommissions all fossil fueled electrical power plants, although early retirement without immediate decommissioning produces inferior utility values. There is little gained in utility when extending operational life of the plants, and as the 100yr period moves forward, all solutions collapse on the final system configuration. The results provide several insights that were gained through the ability to forecast the environmental impact caused by changes within the life cycle phases of a system, such as early retirement or operational life extension of facilities.

scholarly journals On the question of the use of GTZA with direct transmission on linear nuclear icebreakers

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
В.А. Гулый ◽  
И.С. Сербин
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Direct Transmission ◽  
Direct Power ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Ice Field ◽  
Analytical Section

В статье проведено краткое сопоставление основных характеристик гребных электрических установок, традиционно применяемых на отечественных атомных ледоколах, и судовых реверсивных главных турбозубчатых агрегатов. В работе показано, что естественные механические характеристики турбозубчатых агрегатов позволяют удовлетворить основные требования к работе ледокольных двигательно-движительных установок без построения сложных систем, которые имеют место в гребных электрических установках для получения искусственных механических характеристик электродвигателей с организацией диапазонов работы с постоянством мощности, диапазонов работы с ограничением крутящих моментов, а также – решения задачи утилизации рекуперируемой энергии при реверсах гребных винтов. В аналитическом разделе статьи показано, что в предложенной установке с прямой передачей мощности на гребной винт задача поддержания постоянства мощности энергоустановки на номинальных эксплуатационных режимах, задача обеспечения работы установки при движении в ледовом поле, когда требуется обеспечить «фрезерование» льда, чтобы исключить заклинивание и поломку гребного винта с ограничением максимальных перегрузочных крутящих моментов на гребном валу, задача реверсирования гребного винта решаются за счет использования естественных механических характеристик реверсивного турбозубчатого агрегата. При создании перспективных тяжелых атомных ледоколов рекомендуется применение более простой, надежной и экономичной схемы построения ледокольных главных энергетических установок на основе современных конструкций турборедукторных тепловых двигателей для привода гребных винтов. The article presents a brief comparison of the main characteristics of rowing electric installations, traditionally used on domestic nuclear icebreakers, and ship reversible main turbine with gearbox. The paper shows that the natural mechanical characteristics of turbine with gearbox allow us to meet the basic requirements for the operation of icebreaking propulsion systems without building complex systems that take place in rowing electric installations to obtain artificial mechanical characteristics of electric motors with the organization of ranges of operation with constant power, ranges of operation with limited torques, as well as solving the problem of utilization of recovered energy during propeller reversals. The analytical section of the article shows that in the proposed installation with direct power transmission to the propeller, the task of maintaining the constancy of the power plant's power at nominal operating conditions, the task of ensuring the operation of the installation when moving in an ice field, when it is necessary to ensure "ice milling" to eliminate jamming and breakage of the propeller with limiting the maximum overload torques on the propeller shaft, the task of reversing the propeller is solved by using the natural mechanical characteristics of a reversible turbine with gearbox. When creating promising heavy nuclear icebreakers, it is recommended to use a simpler, reliable and economical scheme for building icebreaking main power plants based on modern designs of turbine with gearbox as heat engines for driving propellers.

Hybrid Fuel Cell Heat Engines: Recent Efforts

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie Layne ◽  
Scott Samuelsen ◽  
Mark Williams ◽  
Norman Holcombe
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
State Energy ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Hybrid Concept ◽  
Hybrid Program

A hybrid heat engine results from the fusion of a heat engine with a non-heat-engine based cycle (unlike systems). The term combined cycle, which refers to similar arrangements, is reserved for the combination of two or more heat engines (like systems). The resulting product of the integration of a gas turbine and a fuel cell is referred to here as a hybrid heat engine or “Hybrid” for short. The intent of this paper is to provide, to the gas turbine community, a review of the present status of hybrid heat engine technologies. Current and projected activities associated with this emerging concept are also presented. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is collaborating with other sponsors and the private sector to develop a Hybrid Program. This program will address the issues of technology development, integration, and ultimately the demonstration of what may be the most efficient of power plants in the world—the Hybrid System. In the Hybrid, the synergism between the gas turbine and fuel cell provides higher efficiencies and lower costs than either system can alone. Testing of the first hybrid concept has been initiated at the National Fuel Cell Research Center (NFCRC). FuelCell Energy (FCE) will be testing its first hybrid in 2002. Honeywell’s hybrid program has just begun under the Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA). SECA fuel cells will ultimately be hybridized with turbines. A competitive SECA solicitation is planned for conceptual studies in 2003. Industry teams will be selected in 2004 to further develop hybrid fuel cell systems.

scholarly journals A thermodynamic platform for evaluating the energy efficiency of combined power generation and desalination plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Choon Ng ◽  
Muhammad Burhan ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Doskhan Ybyraiykul ◽  
Faheem Hassan Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Low Grade Heat ◽  
Thermal Sources

AbstractIn seawater desalination, the energy efficiency of practical processes is expressed in kWh_electricity or low-grade-heat per m3 of water produced, omitting the embedded energy quality underlying their generation processes. To avoid thermodynamic misconceptions, it is important to recognize both quality and quantity of energy consumed. An unmerited quantitative apportionment can result in inferior deployment of desalination methods. This article clarifies misapprehensions regarding seeming parity between electricity and thermal sources that are sequentially cogenerated in power plants. These processes are represented by heat engines to yield the respective maximum (Carnot) work potentials. Equivalent work from these engines are normalized individually to give a corresponding standard primary energy (QSPE), defined via a common energy platform between the adiabatic flame temperature of fuel and the surroundings. Using the QSPE platform, the energy efficiency of 60 desalination plants of assorted types, available from literature, are compared retrospectively and with respect to Thermodynamic Limit.

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