Quantitative differences in the proteomic composition of the blood serum of patients with simple and paranoid schizophrenia

The aim: To study the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the blood serum of patients with paranoid schizophrenia and to trace the features of their dynamics depending on the duration of the disease and analyse the correlation between BDNF, MMP-9 serum levels and symptoms severity by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Materials and methods: The study included 120 patients, namely 20 patients with paranoid schizophrenia diagnosed less than 3 years ago (Сomparison Group) and 100 patients with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia (Study Group): 20 of them have been suffering from this disease from 3 to 5 years (Subgroup I); 10 patients – from 5 to 10 years (Subgroup II); 10 patients – from 10 to 15 years (Subgroup III); 10 patients – from 15 to 20 years (Subgroup IV); 10 patients – from 25 years and more (Subgroup V). The groups did not differ with respect to age or gender. The content of BDNF and MMP-9 in blood serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: BDNF concentration averaged 28.327 ± 5.32 pg/ml in the patients of Group I; 25.40 ± 2.31 pg/ml in Group II; 24.32 ± 3.1 pg/ml in Group III; 23.8 ± 1.32 pg/ml in Group IV; 21.39 ± 0.97 pg/ml in Group V; 9.36 ± 4.38 pg/ml in Group VI. The expression of MMP-9 in the experimental groups constituted: 942.84 ± 87.80 pg/ml, 1042.84 ± 87.80 pg/ml, 1142.53 ± 77.20 pg/ml, 1752.84 ± 77.80 pg/ml, 1542.84 ± 37.70 pg/ml, 2042.74 ± 47.80 pg/ml, respectively. Decreased BDNF negatively correlated with MMP-9 expression (r=0.46; p<0.05). Conclusions: The development of paranoid schizophrenia was manifested by an imbalance in BDNF level and MMP-9 expression which could affect neurogenesis, synapticplasticity, ability to learn and remember, therefore, they could be considered as diagnostic markers of the pathology. With the increase in the duration of the studied pathology, BDNF parameters decreased and MMP-9 expression increased. A negative correlation between them was noted.

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Glutamate Level’s in Blood Serum of Patients with Schisophrenic Spectrum and Bipolar Affective Disorder

Psychiatry ◽

10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-3-22-31 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 22-31

Author(s):

A. A. Seregin ◽

L. P. Smirnova ◽

E. M. Dmitrieva ◽

S. N. Vasil’eva ◽

A. V. Semke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽

Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽

Glutamate Metabolism ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Glutamate Concentration ◽

Episodic Course ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Serum Glutamate ◽

Schizotypal Disorder

The objective: the involvement of glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems in the pathogenesis of schizophrenic spectrum disorders and BD has been repeatedly proven. But today, there are no methods available to evaluate the glutamate metabolism in patients with mental disorders. The paper presents differences in the level of glutamate in the blood serum of patients with a schizophrenic spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, and healthy individuals.Patients and methods: the study included 224 people. 179 patients were presented with paranoid schizophrenia, simple schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, acute polymorphic disorder, schizoaffective disorder and BD.Results: in this work shows that the level of glutamate in patients in all studied groups is statistically significantly higher than in healthy individuals, except for acute polymorphic psychotic disorder. Serum glutamate concentration in patients with schizotypal disorder is 1.6 times higher than in healthy individuals. The significant differences in glutamate levels were detected in patients with schizotypal disorder and OCD (p = 0.045), and patients with paranoid schizophrenia (p = 0.012). The concentration of glutamate is also increased in patients with simple schizophrenia compared to patients with paranoid schizophrenia (p = 0.039). In addition, it was observed a glutamate increase in healthy individuals compared in patients with a continuous course of schizophrenia (p = 0.001), in patients with an episodic course with progressive deficit (p = 0.0211) and in patients with a schizophrenia duration of more than 12 years.Conclusions: thus, the concentrations of glutamate in the blood serum of patients are depending on the severity of the course of schizophrenia and maybe an additional paraclinical criterion for the diagnosis of schizotypal disorder.

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Studies on a Blood Serum Proteolytic Enzyme with Particular Reference to Gastric Secretory Function

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(19)36280-8 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 14-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Austin B. Chinn

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Proteolytic Enzyme ◽

Secretory Function

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Clinical Studies of Blood Lipid Metabolism: II. Blood Serum Variations of Cholesterol, Phospholipids, Neutral Fats, Total Lipids, and Blood Lipid Fraction Percentages in Peptic Ulcer Patients

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(52)80214-8 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 79-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Allen Goldbloom

Keyword(s):

Peptic Ulcer ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Total Lipids

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Ego structure in paranoid schizophrenia: A new method of evaluating projective material.

10.1037/13173-000 ◽

1958 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luise J. Zucker

Keyword(s):

Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽

New Method

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Concentration of selected micro-nutrients in saliva among women in menopausal period treated with hormone replacement therapy

Osteologie/Osteology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1630097 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (01) ◽

pp. 46-51

Author(s):

M. Rahnama ◽

I. Jastrzêbska-Jamrogiewicz ◽

R. Jamrogiewicz

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Femoral Bone ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Natural Menopause ◽

Copper Zinc

Summary Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the variability of the level of copper, zinc and manganese in saliva amongst women with hypoestrogenia, treated and untreated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 60 women treated and untreated with HRT. Half of the patients were after natural menopause and other half was after surgical removal of ovaries. Research on micronutrients in non-stimulated saliva and blood serum was carried out in 2005. Tests on saliva were repeated in 2010. Investigation of bone mineral density (BMD) of femoral bone was performed in year 2010. Results: Statistical analysis of concentration of copper and zinc revealed a linear correlation between the levels of these microelements in blood serum and saliva. The study revealed that HRT has a beneficial effect on BMD and the concentration of copper and manganese in saliva and blood serum of patients after the menopause. Patients treated with HRT showed higher BMD values than groups not treated with hormones. Conclusions: Saliva appears to be a promising diagnostic material which can be used to analyze the content of trace elements, but further research should be carried out on a broader research group.

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Antiheparin Activity of Human Serum and Platelet Factor 4

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649105 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 30 (01) ◽

pp. 093-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C.H.J Sear ◽

L Poller ◽

F.R.C Path

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Ionic Strength ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Platelet Factor ◽

Mean Values ◽

Antiheparin Activity

SummaryThe antiheparin activity of normal serum has been studied by comparing the antiheparin activities of sera obtained from normal whole blood, platelet-rich plasma and platelet-’free’ plasma with a purified platelet extract during differential isoelectric precipitation and by gel filtration chromatography.The mean values for the activity of PRP-serum and PFP-serum were 106% (S.D. 11) and 10% (S.D. 3) of untreated whole blood respectively. The activity of whole blood serum, PRP serum and whole blood serum plus platelet extract precipitated under identical physical conditions, i.e. pH 7.0, I =0.008, indicating that the activities of the three samples are probably associated with PF4. PF4 precipitated from human platelet extract at pH 4.0, but this is probably due to the difference in the two biochemical environments investigated, i.e. serum and platelet extract.The gel filtration experiments revealed striking similarities between the major antiheparin activities of serum and platelet extract. At physiological pH and ionic strength both activities were associated with high molecular weight material, but at physiological pH and elevated ionic strength both activities behaved as much smaller entities of molecular weight between 25,000 and 30,000 daltons and it seems very likely that both activities are associated with the same molecule, i.e. PF4.

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